Fulminate mercury

Ekhulwini le-17, Johann Kunkel lokuqala lwaqala mercury fulminate. Recipe ukwenziwa kwalesi kwakwakhe kuchazwa encwadini yakhe, esanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa Alchemist. Ngemva kokutholakala mercury fulminate ayisetshenziswa kuze 1800. yokukhiqiza of the kwakwakhe iresiphi wavulwa Edward Howard. Ososayensi behlola eziningi izakhiwo zalo. I ngqo amakhemikhali ukwakheka kwe-kwakwakhe ezikhonjwe Liebig mayelana 1824.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphambi kwalesi senzakalo ku 1807, unyaka Forsyth lobunikazi ukusetshenziswa ketshezi njengenhlangano Initiator of detonation black powder. Ngo-1836, unyaka leli zwe wadalwa isibhamu, esebenzisa eshaywayo igniter. Nesigubhu kwenziwa e laseRussia aqala ukukhiqiza kusukela 1843, unyaka. Nobel e 1867 yasungulwa cap ukuqhumisa, eye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo kule detonation ye-dynamite.

Mercury fulminate ngokwanele kwakwakhe anobuthi. Kodwa ingozi zako ezisemqoka, njengoba kuvela, akuyona anobuthi.

Isakhiwo futhi iye ziqala rattlesnakes nosawoti ngokuphelele ngo-1890. Lezi zinto zehlela kwezesayensi babé igama esiqinile ngaphezulu - fulminates ( "umbani").

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, i-mercury fulminate ukuthungela ophethe neziqhumane futhi dynamite. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje zaqala ukusetshenziswa, nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali. Ngokwesibonelo, iziqhumane ezintsha ukuqalisa - teneres futhi azide phambili. Lesi sakamuva, ngokososayensi, main namuhla.

Mercury fulminate "wesaba" yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-umkhuba, akusiyo njalo uyakwazi ingqondo yesibili umsebenzi lemagalagala njalo kudinga detonator ezengeziwe.

Mercury fulminate imelelwa grey noma elimhlophe crystalline powder. Ngesimo ezomile ubukisa sensitivity high ukuba ukushaqeka, umlilo, kanye nezinye ukumelana nokuhuzuka. Ukuqhuma kwenzeka lapho zihlatshwa enkompolo of kanzulu sulfuric acid. Noqhekeko mercury fulminate imbangela acid eqinile, kanye abilayo futhi isenzo nosawoti ane-alikhali.

Formula mercury (uhlobo lwenyoka yaseMelika enesihlungu esibi) IZINGA ELIPHEZULU (CNO) 2.

Kusukela aqueous isixazululo crystallization kwenzeka hemihydrate ophuzi umbala (ngenxa yokuba khona ukungcola hydrolysis umkhiqizo). Hhayi has solubility okuhle ethanol.

ukuguqulwa White futhi liveza ukumelana lubonakale kuze ukumelana ezishisayo kanye amakhemikhali. Ukungenwa kwelanga - ngokuhamba ngemisebe uqala mnyama mercury ezingqimbeni ebusweni kwakhiwa.

I amandla omlilo izinga komyalelo wokungabi 15.5 mm / s. Kube mercury fulminate ukuphendula asebenzayo nge-magnesium noma se-aluminium, ikakhulukazi khona umswakama. Kungabangela ukuqhuma. Kule ndaba, kufanele kube khona ukuthintana mercury fulminate futhi lezi zinsimbi.

Egcekeni esomile yabonisa yokusabela ngokwanele kancane ngethusi, isiliva, cadmium. Kungakhathaliseki isimo (ezimanzi noma ezomile) akasabeli ne steel noma yensimbi.

Lapho edalulwa ukushaya kwakwakhe ubola yakho ngaphandle kokufutheka. Esimeni semakhaya ezinye nomswakama amaphesenti amathathu ilahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukuzwela yayo. Ngezinye lokushisa ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu iqala noqhekeko kancane mercury fulminate. Lokhu kwenzeka ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezomile. At lokushisa 90-95 degrees izinsuku ezimbalwa kwakwakhe ubola ngokuphelele. Lokhu yakha impahla ophuzi-non-eziyiziqhumane. Uma wengeza enkompolo ku-10% ETHYL kwakwakhe ziphephile ukuzinza okushisa afinyelela ku-degree ayisishiyagalombili.

Burning ophethe onomfutho okuxekethile, ingena detonation. Obalulekile kwakwakhe uphawu kunomthelela ekulahlekelweni izindawo eziqalisa alufakwa. I velocity of detonation ka 2300 m / s, uma konga 1.25 g / cm3. Ukushisa ukuqhuma - 1,79 MJ / kg. Umthamo imikhiqizo detonation - 315 l / kg.

Ukucindezela Kwenziwa ngesikhathi ukucindezela 250-300 kg / cm2 ukuqhumisa cap.