Izwe ehamba phambili ekukhiqizeni uwoyela emhlabeni: Saudi Arabia, Russia, e-United States

Oil - main amandla umthombo iplanethi namuhla. Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i black igolide. Yiliphi izwe sika abaholi uwoyela emhlabeni namuhla? Lokhu uzofunda kusukela kulesi sihloko.

sikawoyela Global

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo: "amazwe Yini uwoyela umkhiqizi uholela emhlabeni namuhla", kufanele bahlukanise kahle nomqondo "amafutha" futhi "umkhiqizo kawoyela."

Ngaphansi sikawoyela kwembulunga yonke, ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi imithombo ukuthi kungenziwa ezikhishwe Ingaphakathi eMhlabeni at ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe besimanje. Kunezinhlobo eziningana reserves: bona ingahlolwa, esikalini, ezithembisa prospectively esikalini, nokunye ..

amayunithi ukuze sikawoyela global, kukhona eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russia, nase UK ukuhlola isisetshenziswa esetshenziswa amathani e-Canada futhi Norway - ngalinye imitha cubic, nakwamanye amazwe amaningi - imiphongolo.

izinqolobane Inani "igolide abamnyama" emhlabeni namuhla kulinganiselwa sibalo emathanini ayi-240 billion. Mayelana 70% zigcine emhlabeni basuke bagxila OPEC amazwe - inhlangano leyahlukahlukene, ndawonye eziningi uthi oil-producing.

Top emazweni amahlanu ehamba phambili ngokuya sikawoyela (kusukela ngomhla ka-2014) imi kanje: Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Iran nase-Iraq.

Lamazwe ahamba phambili ekukhiqizeni uwoyela: top ten

Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo ye ososayensi, ngokokuqala ngqa kulo mthombo wamandla lususiwe kusukela phansi emuva ekhulwini lesishiyagalombili. Kwathi yonke iNhlonhlo Absheron. Ngiziphi iinarha ze-uholela uwoyela umkhiqizi emhlabeni namuhla?

Akwaziwa umcwaningi Dynamics umkhiqizo kawoyela emhlabeni VN Shchelkachev egqanyisiwe 1979. Ngaphambi kwalokho ukukhiqizwa milestone ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo le nsiza ngokuphindwe kabili njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. Kodwa ngemva 1979 kwamaplanethi umkhiqizo kawoyela ukukhula rate ehlile kakhulu.

Ngakho, abaholi yezwe ku umkhiqizo kawoyela kuze kube manje (kubakaki iphesenti umkhiqizo kawoyela global):

• Saudi Arabia (12.9%);
• Russia (12.7);
• USA (12.3);
• China (5.0);
• Canada (5.0);
• Iran (4.0);
• UAE (4.0);
• Iraq (3.8);
• Kuwait (3,6);
• Venezuela (3,3).

Sekukonke, cishe 67% amafutha unyaka ngamunye kula mazwe.

Kunemibiko ukuthi umkhiqizi wezwe uwoyela ngobukhulu kulolu hlu ngokushesha kungase ushintshanisiwe. Ngo-May 2015 WaseRussia usefunde kusukela emathunjini omhlaba imiphongolo kwezigidi ezingu-500 abangaphezu kuka-Saudi Arabia.

Embonini kawoyela e-Saudi Arabia

Amazwe amaningi, ehola amafutha umkhiqizi emhlabeni namuhla zitholakala eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Omunye wabo Saudi Arabia. Ngokokuqala ngqá uwoyela kwatholakala lapha ngo-1930. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, lokhu isimo Arab qualitatively zishintshe.

Namuhla, wonke umnotho Saudi Arabia igxile ukukhishwa kwezinto kwemithombo yamandla. Zonke idiphozithi yanoma "igolide abamnyama" kuleli zwe zilawulwa Saudi Aramco. Amafutha izimpahla eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke waletha Saudi Arabia ku-90% wesabelo Imininingwane! ukukhiqizwa okunjalo aphezulu kawoyela anikeza ugqozi ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nezinye izimboni eziningi kuleli zwe.

I abathengi eyinhloko amafutha Arabian - US, kanye amazwe e-Eastern Asia. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Saudi Arabia kuyinto umholi ngokuphelele emsebenzini wokukhiqiza uwoyela emhlabeni, amazinga abantu eziphilayo kuleli zwe akukakabi okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokwanele.

Izici embonini kawoyela e-Russia

Russia - lizwe elicebe kakhulu ezweni e izinqolobane amaminerali ahlukahlukene. Ngaphandle Uwoyela ikhiqizwa esikhulu esikalini igesi yemvelo, amalahle kanye izinsimbi non-ayoni.

ERussia, le "igolide abamnyama" akugcini nje yafakwa amabhomu agqitshwayo, kodwa futhi ngenkuthalo kusetshenzwe, esikhiqiza uhla imikhiqizo kaphethiloli: uphethiloli, uwoyela fuel, u-diesel, njll Nokho, izinga le mikhiqizo akukakabi okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokwanele, lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu ukuthekelisa zabo eziphumelelayo zokuqhuba ibhizinisi ukuze eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke .. .

Eminyakeni yamuva, lesi simo embonini kawoyela Russian sesingconywana. Ikakhulukazi, kukhuphuke ukutshalwa kwezimali (ukutshalwa) kule mboni. Kancane kancane ukujula ka uwoyela - namuhla sibalo eRussia imayelana 71%.

ukukhiqizwa Amafutha kanye yokucwenga e-US

United States of America baphakathi abakhiqizi kwemikhiqizo ongahluziwe uwoyela petroleum esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ezintathu sika. Isimo ithumela kwamanye amazwe hhayi kuphela "igolide black", kodwa futhi ngenkuthalo ke othenga bakwamanye amazwe. Amazing Eqinisweni: idliwe ngonyaka 4 Ezikhathini uwoyela kuka limbiwa e-United States.

1761 - lokhu inani imishini yokumba ezisebenza e-US namuhla. 56 babo walulama uwoyela ongahluziwe eshalofini ulwandle.

Embonini kawoyela American, okokuqala kunakho konke, isimo ezintathu kufanele ezigqanyisiwe: kuba Alaska, California futhi Texas. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona okuthiwa Strategic Petroleum Reserve e-United States - inqolobane amasu ka kawoyela ongahluziwe, okufanele ngokwanele yezwe izinsuku ezingu-90 (uma eziphuthumayo). Lokhu wokugodla batshalwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene USA futhi lilondolozwe komhlaba usawoti domes.

Ekuphetheni ...

Ngakho, yindawo ehamba phambili uwoyela umkhiqizi emhlabeni - kuba Saudi Arabia, Russia nase-United States. Lezi uthi ezikhishwe kwesizathu mayelana 37% of ukukhiqizwa global kwalezi zinsiza.