Customs Union - Iyini? Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe Customs Union

Kumiswa Customs Union ngenhloso yokudala endaweni eyodwa, futhi ngaphakathi kuwo bekulokhu kukhona amasiko imisebenzi nemikhawulo kwezomnotho. Okuhlukile compensatory, evikelayo izinyathelo anti-zisezintsha. Customs Union kuhilela ukusetshenziswa ovamile amasiko tariff kunye namanye amagadango enziweko alawule ahwebe ngezimpahla namazwe lwesithathu.

definition

Customs union - union lwelungu ezifundazweni eziningana, okuyinto ukuqhuba imisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela emkhakheni inqubomgomo amasiko. Futhi uyekwa nentela umngcele phakathi kwezinhlangano, futhi kwamanye amazwe wethula ezivamile amasiko tariff.

indaba

Ubumbano lwezinhlangano okuqala kwavela yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, ogama ababambi qhaza France nase-Monaco.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, waphetha Customs Union - kuyinto Switzerland kanye yezihlanganisi. Ungase futhi zibhekisele kaningi njengesibonelo esiphethweni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, i-General Agreement on Izimali kanye Trade, European Economic Community yasungulwa ngo-1957, lapho iqedwe yonke imikhawulo ku ukuhweba phakathi kwezinhlangano, wamisa ezivamile amasiko tariff-trade namazwe lwesithathu. I-European Association kwamiswa 1960 ukuhweba khulula, okuyinto ezaqedwa izintela at amasiko nemikhawulo ambalwa of amalungu ehlobene nokuhweba.

Amazwe iqhaza kule EEC namazwe EFTA zisekhona umehluko ekhona amasiko nemithetho futhi akukho imisebenzi evamile kwezohwebo, emazweni sezenhlalo awunawo Customs Union, kodwa izivumelwano ezihilela ukubambisana kanye nosizo mutual amasiko izindaba.

amathuluzi ezivamile, izindlela kanye namafomu sokubhalisa izimpahla ziye yethulwa ngokuthi embukisweni kanye wezohwebo. izivumelwano Isayinwe yokuncishiswa zavunyelwa. Lezi zivumelwano ukusheshisa kwempahla ukuqinisa ezimakethe zomhlaba kanye ukuvimbela zonke izinhlobo ukuphulwa.

Ngo-2010 yena sadalwa amasiko inyunyana eyodwa, okubandakanya eRussia, eKazakhstan kanye Belarus. Lokhu kuhilela ukudalwa insimu amasiko olulodwa futhi inikeza yonke imisebenzi yokulawula.

Kulo nyaka, sangena Customs Union of Kyrgyzstan, Russia, ngesikhathi esifanayo eqinisa isikhundla salo.

Ukwamukelwa Customs Union

Okthoba 6, 2007 ngemvume iSivumelwano phakathi Russian Federation, Belarus naseKazakhstan ku kwathatha amasiko inyunyana eyodwa.

Ngo-July 1, 2010 ngokuhambisana Ikhodi Customs waqala ukusebenza amasiko olulodwa endaweni mazwe amathathu.

Eseyiqedile isimemezelo kanye nokubhaliswa at amasiko Emingceleni kwamazwe amathathu. Izimpahla Ungahambisa ngaphandle imvume, okwenza kungabi izindleko. Athuthela lula kakhulu futhi kunciphisa tindleko lokuthumela izimpahla.

Kamuva ensimini Union kuphakama Common Space Economic (CES) nge ukusebenza olulodwa emakethe amasevisi, okuyinto ngaphezu ukuhweba kuhlanganisa amasevisi kanye nezinye izindawo eziningi umsebenzi.

2015 Customs Union kwaphawulwa umcimbi omusha. elinye ilungu le nhlangano entry kwenza izinguquko GEOPOLITICS. Sakhiwo entsha lenhlangano Customs Union (Kyrgyzstan, eRussia, eKazakhstan nabanye) sizonwebisa ubudlelwane ukuhweba emazweni CU.

Uhlolojikelele

Customs Union - inhlangano ihlose ukwenza ngcono iqophelo kwezomnotho e-United Member. emakethe Wadala has abantu abangaphezu kuka-180 million imali inzuzo $ 900 billion.

Isiphetho Customs Union izimpahla ukuba azihambele ngokukhululekile lonke elakwa nesenzo lokulawula jikelele.

Uma nokuthengiswa bodokotela Eqinisweni, duty mkhuba ekhokhwa akudingekile, futhi izinga VAT zero.

Endabeni ukungeniswa eRussia kusukela Kazakhstan kanye Belarus, iziphathimandla zentela Russian bazokhokhisa mkhuba komsebenzi ne-VAT. Customs Union - ke iwuhlobo lula futhi engabizi nokuxhumana.

isakhiwo

Amalungu inhlangano CU (Customs Union)

- Russia nase Kazakhstan (kusukela 01.07.2010).

- Belarus (kusukela eminyakeni 06.07.2010).

- Armenia (kusukela eminyakeni 10.10.2014).

- Kyrgyzstan (kusukela eminyakeni 08.05.2015).

Abazongenela ubulungu:

- Tajikistan.

- Syria.

- Tunisia.

Joyina i-Customs Union amazwe ikhandidethi kubhekwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ukwanda inhlangano iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke. amazwe Ngemvume wabaholi Customs Union (Tajikistan, Syria, Tunisia) - banethemba emazweni asethuthukile ngaphezulu ngenxa ukunwetshwa izikhundla zabo.

izindikimba ezilawulayo

ebusayo Ephakeme umzimba - International Council of baMazwe kaHulumeni. Futhi, ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano eyasungulwa Commission of the Customs Union, okuyinto umzimba unomphela ukulawulwa.

Izikhungo namagunya aphakeme ngo-2009 olwenziwa izilinganiso oluphelele ukunika amandla evikelekile okusekelwe ezivumelwaneni futhi esemthethweni Customs Union.

Ngu isinqumo komongameli lamazwe ilungu Union yasungulwa Economic Commission njengoba unomphela supranational zokulawula ukulawula umzimba, okuyinto ilawulwe Ephakeme Eurasia Economic Council.

Izinzuzo main

Izinzuzo main we Customs Union for the izinhlangano kwezomnotho uma ziqhathaniswa khulula ukuhweba zone yilezi:

• On endaweni Customs Union kakhulu ziyancipha izindleko ekudaleni, ukucubungula kuhanjiswa kwemphahla.
• isikhathi kanye nezindleko ezezimali, kuphakama ngenxa izithiyo zokuphatha, kakhulu kwehle.
• Isibalo ama-custom procedure adingekayo ukudlula ukungeniswa izimpahla ezivela emazweni wesithathu kwehle.
• Kwase kutholakala, izimakethe ezintsha zemikhiqizo izimpahla.
• Ukuhlanganisa amasiko nemithetho kwaholela yokuncishiswa yayo.

I Customs Union kanye WTO

Ngo inqubo ukudalwa Customs Union iye uzwakalise ukukhathazeka eziningi mayelana nemithetho ukungqubuzana imoto nge-WTO imithetho.

Ngo-2011, inhlangano iye wafingqa zonke amazinga ayo kutfotjelwa kwezinkambiso we WTO. Uma isimo Customs Union oyongena WTO, kuzakutjhejwa ntangi WTO imithetho.

Ngo-2012, i-Russia bajoyine WTO, okwaholela sokuvuselelwa Common Customs Imali ekhokhelwa lamazwe Customs Union ngokuhambisana nezidingo WTO. Izinga amaphesenti angu-90 imisebenzi yokungenisa azishintshile.

zombango

Ngo-November 2014 ukungenisa enyama Belarus eRussia wawuvinjelwe. I umqulu lalingama amathani mayelana 400,000. Nokho, ohlangothini Russian selithathe izinyathelo qinisa ukulawula izimpahla umngcele ka Belarus, okuyinto ephambene nemithetho lula for ukuthutha izimpahla, ezisebenza endaweni Customs Union.

Izingqapheli waphawula ukuxuba ezinhle izindlela we Customs Union kanye indlela ukuthekelisa kabusha eRussia uvinjelwe izimpahla European. Ngokwesibonelo, inhlanzi ukungena owayevela eBelarus, esingeyena esidayisa kuze kufike elwandle, kwenyuke ngo-98 per cent eRussia.

UMongameli Belarusian AG Lukashenka Wathukuthela wathelwa ngamanzi ngu ezenqabelayo ohlangothini Russian futhi babekwa icala lokuphula Russia yokwephula imithetho Customs Union kanye nokudelela umthetho wamazwe omhlaba.

Ngokusho ababebukele, amamaki, imithetho abe iphuzu, owawuthi esimweni imikhawulo-Russia emayelana nokuhweba kanye ezokuthutha kwezimpahla ohlangothini Belarusian unelungelo ukuba uhambisane nemigomo yesivumelwano.

Ngo-2015 Belarus wabuyela Russian ekulawulweni kweminyele umngcele, ngaleyo ndlela nokuphula imigomo ye EAEC Treaty. Kwathiwa yamemezela zokwenqaba cishe of the ruble njengoba lwemali of zokuhlala kanye nokubuya izinkokhelo ngamadola wase-US. ochwepheshe Russian bakholelwa ukuthi usesimweni esinjalo, ukuhlanganiswa kwesifunda uwela ahlaselwa.

ukugxekwa

Ngo-2010, ngomzamo amabutho ukuphikiswa ukuhlela inhlolovo for yokulahlwa isivumelwano senziwa. Kazakhstan wenza kwesimangalo sokwephulwa kwe amalungelo eNgophezukonke.

Kwenziwa ezigxekayo we Customs Union ku izinto ezilandelayo:

• Ill ezichazwe ngokwemigomo kwezohwebo kanye nokukhipha izitifiketi izimpahla.
• izimo WTO zabekwa phezu eRussia eKazakhstan nase Belarus, okuyizinto yamalungu ezinhlangano Izindaba ezingenhla azilona.
• Izimali namarisidi kusolakala dedengu basakaza phakathi emazweni iqhaza.
• I Customs Union akunakunisiza njengoba zamanje yephrojekthi abangaba ababambiqhaza.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ngenxa yezizathu eziningana ngemibono Customs Union amazinga izinzuzo obuhlukahlukene ukuze ababambiqhaza bayo.

Kwathiwa wasikisela ukuthi Customs Union kuyinto phantom, akusiyo iphila njengenhlangano wezombangazwe yokufakelwa.

Imibono emphakathini

Ngo-2012, i-Centre for Ukuhlanganisa Ucwaningo umbono yokuvota owawusedolobheni Eurasia Development Bank. Ucwaningo abathintekayo CIS futhi Georgia. ebuzwa lo mbuzo: "Uzizwa kanjani mayelana iqiniso lokuthi umnotho Belarus, Kazakhstan neRussia baye nobunye?". izimpendulo ezilandelayo uthi bamukele izicelo, angenayo kokufaka isicelo sokuba yilungu ku Customs Union:

- Tajikistan: "omuhle" 76%, "ngabandayo" 17% "omubi" 2%.

- Kazakhstan: "omuhle" U-80%, "ngabandayo" 10% "omubi" 5%.

- Russia: "omuhle" 72%, "ngabandayo" 17% "omubi" 4%.

- Uzbekistan: "omuhle" 67%, "ngabandayo" 14% "omubi" 2%.

- sase-Kyrgystan: "omuhle" 67%, "ngabandayo" 15% "omubi" 8%.

- Moldova "omuhle" 65%, "ngabandayo" 20% "omubi" 7%.

- Armenia: "omuhle" 61%, "ngabandayo" 26% "omubi" 6%.

- Belarus: "omuhle" 60%, "ngabandayo" 28% "omubi" 6%.

- Ukraine: "omuhle" 57%, "ngabandayo" 31% "omubi" 6%.

- Azerbaijan: "omuhle" 38%, "ngabandayo" 46% "omubi" 11%.

- Georgia: "omuhle" 30%, "ngabandayo" 39% "omubi" 6%.

imicabango yabantu uchwepheshe

Ngokusho likaNobhala Customs Union Commission Sergeya Glazeva, CU kuyazuzisa kokubili ngokoMthetho GEOPOLITICS, futhi ngokuya umnotho. Lena impumelelo ezibalulekile enikeza izinzuzo eziningi elingenakuphikwa ukuthi States Amaphathi.

Ngokwe FTF umholi Russian Andrei Belyaninov engqungqutheleni ngo-2009, i-Customs Union ekuqaleni ukusebenza kwawo kuzodala izinkinga ngebhizinisi amasiko iziphathimandla, kodwa limane nje nenkathi yenguquko.

UMongameli waseBelarus Alexander Lukashenko kunikeza incazelo Customs Union njengoba elinye igxathu eliya phambili ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudalwa isikhala olulodwa kwezomnotho, obekungadala ndlela efanele ubudlelwane bezomnotho phakathi kwalamazwe iqhaza.