Ithempeli Athena Alaei - lamathempeli edume kunazo unkulunkulukazi yamaGreki asendulo-Athena

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Temple Athena Alaei elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe zendalo esikhulu kunazo zonke ezenziwe umuntu. ubuhle bayo okungenazinkinga akholelwe e yokuthi onkulunkulu basendulo owawukhona ngempela. Ngisho nanamuhla, lokhu indawo licwiliswa amandla ezimangalisayo ezenzeka lapho ewuthola kuye kwenziwa emakhulwini eminyaka. Kodwa, ngeshwa, sezwa nje emanxiweni ethempelini.

Kungani indawo ngokubabazekayo enjalo iye yazi munyu ukwehluleka? Kungani amandla lonkulunkulu basendulo amaGreki ngomzuzwana wanyamalala, kusale olungavikelekile isiphephelo sabo sangaphambili? Futhi ziyini izimfihlo esidlule igcwele ithempeli Athena Alaei?

Athena - unkulunkulukazi impi nokuhlakanipha

Ngakho, noma iyiphi indaba kumele abe unesiqalo nesiphetho. Manje-ke kwenzeka ukuthi izimpande zethu ezijulile umlando, ngesikhathi lapho ukukhanya uvele nganekwane esikhulu unkulunkulukazi u-Athena. Ngokusho izinkolelo amaGreki, kwaba owesihlanu indodakazi kaZeyusi, okwenza kube ezinamandla kakhulu.

Yize lalibhekwa neqhawe, yena kwakuhluke kakhulu umfowabo Ares. Wayengeyena njengoba nolaka yobukhohlakali njengaye. Wakhe phetho - ukuhlela isu kanye amaqhinga lapho impi yaphela nge ukulahlekelwa omncane. Liphinde kubhekwe umxhasi izazi nezingcweti zemisebenzi yezandla. Futhi uma ukholelwa ukuthi ezinganekwaneni zasendulo, ukuthi wayengadlali owayefundisa amantombazane ukudala bese bethunga indwangu izingubo zayo.

Njengoba sazi lokhu uhla ngamathemba, akumangalisi ukuthi bayinkolo yokuthatheka wakhe kwaba enye yezindawo ezinkulu eGreece yasendulo. Ngu isibalo sabalandeli kungaba zincintisane Zeus, inkosi yakwa-bonke onkulunkulu.

inkosi yakwa-Aley

Tegea - lingumuzi wasendulo elise-ebizwa ngokuthi iGreece. Akekho owaziyo ngempela ukuthi uma lakhiwa, kusukela ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ngale. Nokho, ngokuvumelana umlando ukuze vi ekhulwini BC. e. wawa ngaphansi kwejoka iSparta, yena Kwakufanele kwenziwe lokhu ngenxa indawo zamasu.

Eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu ezingamakhulu amabili aqhubeka ukubusa abangabazi, inqobo nje uma iziphathimandla ayifiki iNkosi edume of Aley. Bathi Athena yena wamnika ukuhlakanipha, okuyinto wayenomona nxazonke. Ukuze le nkosi yesikhathi esizayo wathembisa ukwakha ithempeli udumo, futhi ubuhle ongavamile.

Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli

Mhlawumbe lena yiyona ndlela wonke umbhedo, kodwa Aley namanje ukuze badunyiswe lonkulunkulukazi isakhiwo esikhulu. Futhi hhayi kude kwabo nethempeli, wakha indlu yakhe ukuze njalo ngaphansi kokuqondisa Athens. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkosi alethwe Tegea ukuze ubukhulu babo. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo Yakhiwa hhayi kuphela ethempelini Athena Alaei, kodwa nalo lamiswa nezakhiwo eziningi ezinhle.

Kodwa-ke ngeshwa, engcwele emangalisayo awuzange bayophila isikhathi eside. Ngonyaka 395 BC. e. umlilo omkhulu kwenzeka ngo Tegea. Umlilo bangiphuca eziningi izimpilo, futhi ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izakhiwo emzini yashiswa. Inombolo efakiwe nethempeli Athena lasendulo, isayithi lapho kwakukhona amatshe ushiswe kuphela.

A wobuciko entsha yezakhiwo

Ukuwa kwe-ithempeli kwaholela usizi aba nalo lapho abantu, ngoba abazange abafuni ukulahlekelwa lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela unkulunkulukazi ezinhle. Nokho, umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha yayo esalibele kancane, kodwa isizathu salokhu kukhona izinguquko zombusazwe kwakheka omkhulu Arcadian League. Kwaba kwalolu mbimbi avunyelwe amaGreki ekugcineni baphonse amaketanga lobugqila Sparta.

Uma ukuthula wabusa ingxenye enkulu Arcadia, iziphathimandla ithegi benizithatha ukubuyiselwa Temple Athena Alaei. Ngo Scopas wakhethwa njengosuku nomklami oyinhloko. Ukudalwa le genius Sekuyisikhathi eside ukuhlabeka umxhwele ngenhlanzeko yonke Greece ngenxa yobuhle balo nokuhlala inkazimulo, ingasaphathwa-iqiniso lokuthi wayengumuntu ungumdali amathempeli amaningi angaleso sikhathi. *

Ukwakha kakhulu baqala e 465 BC. e. futhi kuthatha iminyaka eminingana. Kodwa angizisoli, ngoba isakhiwo esisha esaba elikhulu kakhulu kunalokho sibandulele ke.

Kwakubukeka njengolimi ethempelini Athena Alaei lasendulo?

Creation Scopas sihluke konke ayelakhe kamuva. Ibandla elisha lwenzelwe ukuze zonke izingxenye zawo Besakhuluma ukujula kule ndawo. Yonke indawo kwakuqoshwe yasezindongeni, yokuqoshwa kanye eziqoshiwe alahlane ngobuciko.

ethempelini kwaba periptera zakudala. Kalula nje, yingoba laliyisakhiwo esingcwele esingunxande, wayakha ngumugqa lamakholomu. Lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda amamitha angu-20 ububanzi namamitha 50 ubude. Ukuphakama amakholomu yangaphandle kwakungaphakathi 9.7 amamitha, okwenza kube ethempelini Athena Alaei sezakhiwo kunazo zonke e-edolobheni.

Ngaphambi kokungena ethempelini kwakuyi-altare wenza lemabula ehlotshiswe imihlobiso eqoshiwe. Izakhamuzi ithegi ngokuvamile ulethwe lapha izipho zabo ukuze kushwelezwe Athena futhi sicele isivikelo sakhe. Enye Itabernakele laliyisakhiwo ethempelini, kodwa lwenzelwe esengeziwe priestesses, kunokucela abafayo.

Life phakathi ethempelini

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi imiqulu yasendulo, i-nompristikazi lokuqala ethempelini Athena eyindodakazi athandekayo King Alley LfL. Ngemva kwalokho, kwakunomsebenzi isiko ziqotho ezingaba akhonze unkulunkulukazi abesifazane, ogama udumo ingakamiswa nomthelela. Kanjalo-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho ziba yobudala ovuthiwe ngokobulili, bona kwathathelwa indawo priestesses olusha, sakhe iluphu okuqhubekayo.

Omunye kwempahla esemqoka ye thempeli lalibhekwa njengelingcwele kwesithombe unkulunkulukazi u-Athena. Kwakuthinta waqopha lwendlovu, nemininingwane yayo kwaba izingqondo emangalisayo of amalungu esonto. Kuthiwa unkulunkulukazi yena lathatha lo umqophi wemifanekiso, ngoba umuntu ingenzeka kanjani kuyisimangaliso?

Futhi udlale indima enkulu yasethempelini lika-Athena yokukhosela ezingaba bavikele abantu ezingozini ubani, kungakhathaliseki umhlali noma isihambi bazulazula.

Ukuwa kokholo ngokunqoba kwamaGreki asendulo

Ngeshwa, kusizakale abanye, Athens Alaei ithempeli Tegea abakwazi ukuzivikela ekulimaleni. Igalelo ngowokuqala nokuziqhenya kwakhe kwaba ayehlasela abaseRoma, okuyinto, nakuba bayalihlonipha isiko bezinye izizwe, namanje bathandile ukuthatha izinto eziyigugu kunazo zonke ezweni lakubo. Yingakho, ubona umfanekiso ethempelini, wasihlephula uyakhohlisa, wathunyelwa enhlokodolobha.

Nokho, leli thempeli kwelanga Athena kwaba ukufika ubuKristu. Nkolo entsha ngelinye ngokuphelele konkulunkulu bakudala, kanye nabo, isiphephelo sabo. Ophucwa amalungu esonto, baqala ukuncipha, futhi ngokushesha washiya inkazimulo yangaphambili izindonga zawo.

Amanxiwa omkhulu ethempelini

Kuyadabukisa, kodwa namuhla kuphela waba yinqwaba yamatshe amanga esizeni ethempelini Athena lasendulo. Noma kunjalo, thina zakwazi ngenxa yomsebenzi titanic labavubukuli ukuthola yizicucu basisebenzisa njengeHholo ngesisekelo yendlu engcwele.

Ngokwesibonelo, engxenyeni yesiGreki Museum has a kwendandatho odongeni lwethempeli, okubonisa ikhono izingcweti isikhathi. Ososayensi futhi lucky ukuba izindengezi ezitholakele eziqoshiwe lasendulo namakholomu, isihloko umnyango wethempeli. Eziningi zalezi izingcezu bathunyelwa iminyuziyamu ezihlukahlukene zomlando wezwe, ukuze abonise nje ezinhle kangakanani okhokho bethu enkulu ekwakhekeni izinto ngokubabazekayo ngempela futhi emuhle.