Uhlelo Monetary zomhlaba: standard igolide ukuze isimo samanje ezindabeni

uhlelo Monetary zomhlaba kuwuhlobo inhlangano ubudlelwane yemali, okuyinto baye basungula ngalesi komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane emakethe. ukuvela kwalo lihlotshaniswa ukuvela imali futhi kuqale ukusebenza kwabo njengoba yokukhokha ukuthengiselana ukukhokhelwa ngamazwe.

Ukuvela uhlelo yemali isibe mkhuba kungokwemvelo, ngaphandle okuyinto ukuthuthukiswa komnotho womhlaba ebandleni bekungekhe kukghonakale. Njengoba isethulo, futhi Ukuyekwa kwezindlela standard igolide - iyimpendulo okufunwa isikhathi, kanye isiqinisekiso Ukuphinda yomlando wabantu, bese emnothweni wezwe.

Izigaba yentuthuko yomhlal awonke uhlelo yemali kanye nezici zabo

1. Uhlelo izinga legolide (1821-1939) ngokuhambisana yiluphi uhlobo lwemali lapho kumele inikezwe ngegolide. Amabhange yezwe ngalinye eyisibambiso ukunikeza convertibility mahhala imali yabo metal yizicukuthwane ngesicelo. uhlelo Monetary Kusolwa esinqunyiwe exchange rate fixed ngayinye lwemali ngalunye. Yiqiniso, lokhu uyokufa ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa ukuhweba phakathi kwamazwe kanye utshalomali ngamazwe ngenxa yesimo sezomnotho kuzole. Nokho, lesi simiso yemali kwadingeka izinkinga eziningi ezaholela yokuthi ngosuku olwandulela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili yashiywa dengwane. Phakathi kwazo inhlalakahle sabantu akancikile ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, kodwa ukwanda noma ukwehla zokukhiqiza igolide, kanye nokungakwazi kwalolu amazwe inqubomgomo ezimele yemali. 2. Bretton Woods uhlelo (1944-1976). Lolu hlelo yemali kusikisela elintantayo exchange rate, siyivumele ukuba aphendule ekushintsheni nezimo zezimakethe. Inkambo zonke zezimali zase zihleliwe kumadola, futhi uhulumeni wase-US kwaba ukuqinisekisa bashintshisane lwemali kwabo igolide. Kwakuthinta ngalesi sikhathi usumisiwe onjalo enethonya ngamazwe yemali lenhlangano njengoba IMF, injongo eyinhloko yomsebenzi okuyinto ngokunembile ukuthuthukiswa ukuhweba phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili nokubambisana kwazo lapho sisebenzelana nabanye yemali. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwabonakala sengathi uhulumeni akanandaba ukulungisa amazinga exchange imali yayo futhi ezingeni elifanele of impahla ibe yimali ayikwazi kuqinisekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuhlobo kwakumuncu kakhulu emazweni amaningi kusukela e-United States. 3. Ngo-1976, kwanqunywa ukuya Jamaican lwemali ohlelweni, owawuthi izinga lokushintshisana kwanoma iyiphi lwemali kunqunywa umthetho ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo iyona. uhlelo Modern yemali kudinga definition ehlukile ye-Central Bank exchange rate umbuso isimo, iqinisekisa eside eguquguqukayo kanye short-term kwato, okuyinto kahle kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa wezohwebo ezezimali. I nemibi Jamaican lwemali uhlelo zihlanganisa: okusezingeni eliphezulu kwamandla emali, izinguquko elibukhali exchange rate kanye simo esishubile of isimo somnotho emakethe. Kule ndaba, abaholi ezweni ngalinye kufanele sinake kakhulu ukuhlela zamasu nezokwenza umsebenzi, okwamanje, kuphela leso senzo sabo esihleliwe incike inhlalakahle sabantu.