I Ukuqina Isikhwama Russia

Noma yimuphi umnotho idinga umshwalense njengoba nesilinganiso sokuphepha. Okunjalo nesilinganiso sokuphepha libhekisela Ukuqina Fund eRussia, okuyinto isibe phambili isabelomali ukuthuthukiswa, bathembisa ngo-1998, futhi ekugcineni kwakhiwa 2004.

Into esemqoka ye izimali isabelomali wombuso namuhla - amandla nokuthengiswa, okungenakuqhathaniswa, okuletha ukuthula umnotho waseRussia luncike amanani kawoyela emhlabeni. Umthombo oyinhloko engenayo Russian Akayena okuphakade, futhi ngenxa yalokho esebenza kusizinda isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi ukuthuthukiswa nomnotho emazweni waziphatha izinhlelo energy esisindisa. Futhi eRussia kufanele kuncishiswe ekuthembeleni yayo phezu jikelele intengo Kuzonyuka amandla.

Umqondo isabelomali ukuthuthukiswa (1998) yayisekelwe isidingo finance izindawo ngobukhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu isimo sika yezwe, okungase abe uhlobo "amakhanda" lapho isimo esibucayi weza.

New supply sinjalo Isikhwama wayedabuka okuphambene "isabelomali ukuthuthukiswa". Ekuqaleni, oziphiwayo phansi kwelanga ukuthathelwa umshuwalense ukudalwa izinqolobane for imali isabelomali ukuwa kwamanani for "igolide abamnyama" (uwoyela), owawuzokwenza ke kulula ukulawula izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali, kusukela insalela kuhlelwe ukutshala emafeni ngobukhulu angaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-RF Ukuqina Isikhwama ezongenza ukuxazulula inkinga yokusekela zomphakathi impesheni uhlelo. Umqondo okusungula isikhwama kusekelwa cishe yonke: umkhuba ukusebenza kwezimali ezifana kwamanye amazwe Sekuvele kufakazelwe kuwufanele yayo.

On 1.02.2008 wadala Isikhwama sinjalo uhlukaniswe: Isikhwama Reserve (. Mayelana bhiliyoni 3.7 ruble) ... futhi kaZwelonke (National Welfare (ruble yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 783) Lonke inani inzuzo uboshelwe GDP sakhula ngo-1% ngonyaka futhi kusukela 2010 kwathiwa fixed ngezithuba 3.7%.

Control nokuphathwa kwesiKhwama isezandleni Ministry of Finance we Russian Federation. Lawula oda kunqunywa kaHulumeni. Ingxenye negunya uphatha banikezwe Central Bank of Russia (ngokuvumelana isivumelwano uhulumeni).

Ukuqina Isikhwama, ngokuvumelana uya khona, kungase kancane ise izibopho izikweletu ezinye zithi, uhlu okuyinto evunywe Uhulumeni waseRussia. izindlela zingalawulwa ngezindlela eziningana, kokubili ngamunye kanye kanyekanye. izindawo Main:

• yokufuna nesikweletu kwamanye amazwe;
• ukuthenga zezimali kwamanye amazwe (nge ukubekwa kwayo ku-akhawunti, kanye izinkokhelo isithakazelo).

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi lapho edala izulu Isikhwama - kuba inzuzo futhi ngokucacile kuletha inzuzo, futhi inzuzo enkulu futhi fast. Khona-ke kungani indlela ukuphathwa iSikhwama imbangela ukunakwa okunjalo okusezingeni eliphezulu hhayi kuphela zezenhlalo, abameli, bezimali, osomnotho nososayensi zezombusazwe, kodwa futhi umphakathi wonkana? Impendulo itholakala kokungafani okukhulu phakathi ekwetfuleni theory kanye umkhuba we ukusebenza. Akungabazeki positioning omuhle yesikhwama ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi izici ezilimazayo - ngakolunye, ikakhulukazi:

• izinkinga zenhlangano;
• bakwazi ngabazeka kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono;
• ngokudonsa izinyawo isofthiwe zomthetho;
• Ukunganeliseki bentela;
• ukucindezeleka engqondweni nangokomzwelo lonke nomphakathi uwonke.

Sihloko efanelekile usezuze uhlamvu kazwelonke. Eminyakeni emine eyedlule by VTsIOM (maphakathi cwaningo kwemibono zomphakathi) inhlolovo, esathola: 90% abantu baseRussia kakhulu abathi "kabusha entry" yesikhwama sinjalo, 5% of the asele bakholelwa ukuthi imali yesikhwama kufanele ibe mayelana 5% umbuzo amaphesenti isidingo sokuthatha leso sinyathelo hhayi. Ezinhlotsheni ezingu-90% wabaphenduli 32% ukumnika imali ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, u-28% - ukuze wandise impesheni, 26% - ukwandisa ukuba amaholo abasebenzi isimo, 19% - lemfundo, 3% - I- nezinzuzo zezenhlalo (izintandane, abakhubazekile).

Isimo izakhamizi ecacile. Lapha umuntu angabona izinto simane sivumelane isitatimende populist futhi zihlasela Sergey Glazyev: "Umgomo we Uhulumeni oziphethe kabi futhi ayinangqondo Lapho inkokhelo ubumpofu, nge enganele okuyoba inhlekelele ezempilo kanye nezemfundo, kanye ukunwetshwa uhlelo komthetho ethintwa inkohlakalo, okokuqandisa ezigidigidini ruble engamukeleki .."

Isikhwama Cash ageleza namuhla kuhlale kuyimfihlakalo eziningi zamanzi. Bheka kuphi, kanjani futhi uba ngaphansi kokuphatha kukabani oda ezihambayo isabelomali, namuhla isakhamuzi ajwayelekile Russia akunakwenzeka, ngoba ulwazi uhlala ayitholakali.