Isilinganiselwa izilimi izinhlelo 2016

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla lwezinhlelo ingenye izimboni yokuchuma okukhulu intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe. Isidingo ukusebenza uhlelo akuyona ungaqiniseki, njengoba manje cishe njalo umsebenzi ekhompyutha. Yingakho program okuhle ibhekwa njengeyigugu kakhulu kokubili eRussia nakwamanye amazwe.

Kafushane mayelana izilimi izinhlelo

A ulimi lokwakha wuhlelo izinhlamvu oxhumene kudingeke ukuthi ubhale program e-computer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona imidanti, ezithinta uhlelo. Kuye imithetho computer yenza izinqubo yezamakhompyutha noma izibambo izinto. It yakhelwe indlela uHlelo kuphela abantu-computer ukuxhumana.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko izilimi ngoba izinhlelo:

1. Ojwayelekile (iqoqo izakhi emelela syntax kanye engasho lutho).
2. Incarnation okujwayelekile (amathuluzi software ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza standard).

Naphezu kwamandla nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa izilimi ezikhona njengamanje, akukho-syntax akuyona jikelele. Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso izinhlelo baphoqeleka ukuba usungula izinketho ezintsha zolimi. Ukusabalala multi-core izilimi futhi ukuhamba baye wadala umsebenzi omusha onjiniyela.

Imininingwane zomlando

Kusukela ngokudalwa amakhompyutha lokuqala electronic yasungulwa izilimi ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili ukuze izinhlelo. Futhi manje bayaqhubeka ukudalwa cishe nsuku zonke. Nokho, kakhulu abaningi basuke yaziwa nguwe kuphela abadali, kodwa ezinye zazo zitholakala kanjani ukuze zisetshenziswe izigidi zabantu.

imisuka uHlelo basonta yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Ngokwezinga elithile, lingasuswa ngokuthi imishini ehlelwe ngendlela, isibonelo, ihlanganisa imishini kanye upiyano lokukhanda. Umgomo we ukuphathwa yayisekelwe imiyalelo, okungase kubhekwe njengendlela sibonelo wamanje izilimi izinhlelo, kuphela kalula nje lasekuqaleni.

Umsunguli ngendalo Ada Lovelace Agasti izilimi izinhlelo, isazi sezibalo saseBrithani, ngubani phakathi nekhulu-nesishiyagalolunye ukubhala uhlelo kuhlaziywa Bernoulli izinombolo senzelwe injini kohlaziyo kaCharles Babbage. It kubhekwa ikhompyutha uMklami wokuqala, emva sezibalo u obizwa nangokuthi omunye izilimi izinhlelo.

isisekelo

With ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe izimboni kwakunesidingo ukwenza izimiso ezilawula inqubo yokubala uqamba into ethile. Kusuka lapha siqala ukuvela ezihlukahlukene ngezilimi izinhlelo.

Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Assembler - eliphansi ulimi yakhelwe ukuxhumana ngokuqondile ihadiwe.
• BASIC - uhlelo elula; ezidingekayo for yokufuna kokuqala ezishintshayo izindlela.
• "Cobol" - izinga eliphezulu; It esetshenziswa ukuxazulula izinkinga zomnotho.
• "Fortran" - izinga eliphezulu; It wadalwa algorithmization Computing imisebenzi.
• "Isihogo" - izinga eliphezulu; eyenzelwe inqubo control kuzenzakalele (ogama lakhe behlonipha ady Lavleys).
• Pascal - lwenzelwe ukufundisa izinhlelo.
• C no-C ++ - ngolimi jikelele zonke izicelo; e kusekelwe nezidingo uhlelo uhlelo.

izilimi ezaziwa

Ukulinganisa ukuthandwa izilimi izinhlelo RedMonk kusekelwe kokuhlaziywa on GitHub futhi zezingxoxo Stackoverflow indawo. Ukuze 2016. Lolu hlu kanje:

• I-JavaScript.
• Java.
• PHP.
• Python.
• C #.
• C ++.

Ngokwe-isilinganiso, ethandwa kakhulu izilimi ezifana JavaScript kanye Java. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba yakhiwe ku-Google Chrome, futhi Safari iziphequluli, okuyinto avame ukusetshenziswa abantu abaningi emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zimali zinengxenye izinhlelo ethandwa kakhulu AdobeAcrobat ne-Reader. Ngakho, isilinganiso izilimi izinhlelo kusekelwe ukuthandwa izimali ezithile kusukela kubasebenzisi.

Kodwa ngokuvumelana umagazini IEEESpectrum, ethandwa kakhulu uC Ulandelwa Java, i-Python kanye C ++. Lokhu ukulandelana kunqunywa esebenzisa imiphumela yosesho ye-imibuzo ethize kumasayithi ezaziwayo.

inkomba Tiobe

Tiobe - inkomba okuvumela ukunquma ukuthandwa uphoqe (isilinganiso) uHlelo izilimi. Ukubala kwenziwa ekusesheni equkethe igama ulimi.

Isilinganiselwa Tiobe ulimi lokwakha simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: endaweni yokuqala Java, indawo Okwesibili kungokwalabo C, kanti eyesithathu - C ++. Ngo-March 2016-Java labetibambile isheya emakethe 25% ngokuthandwa phakathi kwezinye izilimi. Ukuthandwa C kwehle ngo-2% kuya ku-14%. Kuyaphawuleka salahlekelwa ObjectiveC, okuyinto akumangalisi, ngoba iyona esemqoka on the Iphone and iPad ezisekelweni. I-JavaScript futhi ukulahlekelwa kwayo, ezihambayo ekupheleni ohlwini.

Lokhu isilinganiso izilimi izinhlelo kungashintshwa njalo, njengoba kwakhiwa kuye isithakazelo izethameli eziqondiwe is.

izilimi Evame esetshenziswa

Uma udala OS akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi Umsebenzisi uzodinga. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi ezisebenza uhlelo akanayo izici ngokwanele ukuthi awatholakali. Kuyinto ngabo ukudala ezidingekayo izilimi izinhlelo, ngokusebenzisa okulotshiwe bese zilandelwa ngu ikhodi ekhethekile. Ubizwa obonwa computer futhi ukuhlela uhlelo noma ukudala umsizi. Ukuze lezo zinkinga, ethandwa kakhulu izilimi C no-C ++, kanye BASIC futhi Pascal. Ayevame ukudala i-Windows ne-DOS.

Izilimi for uHlelo zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili:

1. Client (omele kuyinto i-JavaScript).
2. Iseva (isibonelo esihle ukhonza-HTML).

Phela, it ihamba uhlu-HTML izilimi izinhlelo. izinzuzo zako ziyizindlela ukuqashelwa lula-HTML izifanekiso yiziphi iziphequluli ekhona. Lolu limi eyisisekelo, ngaphandle kolwazi lwakhe akunakwenzeka ukudlulela amazinga aphezulu lwezinhlelo.

Isidingo ulimi

Isilinganiselwa izilimi funa izinhlelo esekelwe ukuhlobana emikhakheni ehlukahlukene umsebenzi. Ukuze izinhlelo zezimali zidinga amathuluzi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezihlukahlukene ngokudala izinhlelo, ezifana Java kanye C #. Kodwa amakhasi ewebhu kanye nezinhlelo ezifana kudingeka ulimi elula sikubeke, isibonelo, i-JavaScript noma Ruby.

Esikhathini sphere we abaqashi ethandwa kakhulu kulokwazi SQL. yolwazi onjalo afana ngazo MySQL, Microsoft SQL adaliwe kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo, okuyinto ezisetshenziswa ezikhungweni eziningi ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amafoni Android kanye iOS ezisekelwe ukufinyelela SQL egciniwe ngokuthi SQLite.

Isilinganiselwa izilimi izinhlelo kule ndawo unikeza uhlu elandelayo funa: Java, i-JavaScript, ama-C # kanye nabanye.

Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi. Usezingeni Izilimi Ukuhlela 2016 ihlinzeka izindlela ezifanayo kakhulu ukuthandwa, ukusetshenziswa funa. Kodwa umehluko do khona, kodwa isizathu salokhu izimfuneko ezahlukene ezindaweni ngazinye umsebenzi.