Autotrophs futhi heterotrophs: izici, letifanako kanye netintfo letehlukile

Emhlabeni, uyikhaya okunhlobonhlobo izidalwa eziphilayo. Ukuze kube lula cwaningo zabo, abacwaningi uhlukanise yonke eziphilayo ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Ngokusho uhlobo ukudla konke ukuphila is zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu - autotrophs futhi heterotrophs. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona mixotrophy iqembu - kukhona eziphilayo bazivumelanisa zombili izinhlobo ukudla. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngamathonya izici zokuphila amaqembu ezimbili eziyinhloko futhi uthole ukuthi yini umehluko kusuka autotrophs heterotrophs.

Autotrophs - eziphilayo ngokuzimela Kuhlanganisa udaba eziphilayo kusuka wezinto ezingaphili. Kuleli qembu ezinye izinhlobo zama-bacterium futhi cishe bonke eziphilayo okuqondene umbuso isitshalo. Phakathi zalo autotrophs umsebenzi ekuphileni ukusebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene wezinto engena evela ngaphandle (carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide yensimbi, njll), ngebhayisikili yabo ukusabela zamagama compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi organic (ngokuyinhloko ama-carbohydrate kanye amaprotheni).

eziphilayo Heterotrophic zidla udaba eziphilayo ngomumo, abakwazi synthesize bebodwa. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa amakhowe, izilwane (kuhlanganise indoda), ezinye amagciwane futhi ngisho ezinye izitshalo (ezinye izinhlobo zawo yisinanakazana).

Njengoba singabona, umehluko oyinhloko kusukela autotrophs heterotrophs Uyinhloboni amakhemikhali umsoco badinga. izinqubo ezahlukene kanye nemvelo kwamandla abo. eziphilayo Autotrophic ukusebenzisa amandla ngesikhathi ukuguqulwa kwezinto wezinto ku heterotrophs organic amandla uma hhayi ukusebenzisa amandla. Autotrophs futhi heterotrophs zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili ngokuya ngomthombo amandla (esimweni sokuqala) futhi kusukela ukudla substrate esetshenziswa uhlobo nezilwanyana ezincane yesibili.

Phakathi autotrophs ukukhulula eziphilayo photoautotrophic futhi chemoautotrophic. Photoautotrophs ngoba kugucuka zisebenzisa amandla elangeni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi leli qembu eziphilayo kwenzeka inqubo ethize - photosynthesis (noma inqubo efanayo ukuyithayipha). Carbon dioxide prevraschetsya e compounds ahlukahlukene organic. Chemoautotrophs zisebenzisa amandla etholwe nezinye zamakhemikhali. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene zama-bacterium.

nezilwanyana ezincane Heterotrophic zihlukaniswe metatrofy futhi paratrofy. Metatrofy njengoba substrate of organic compounds usebenzisa eziphilayo efile paratrofy - uyaphila.

Autotrophs futhi heterotrophs abanezikhundla ezithile e eziwukudla. Autotrophs zihlale abakhiqizi - bakha izinto eziphilayo okuyizinto endleleni kamuva ngokusebenzisa lonke uchungechunge. Heterotrophs kukhona oda ezahlukene abathengi (njengoba umthetho, kulesi sigaba yizilwane) kanye decomposers (isikhunta, amagciwane). Ngamanye amazwi, autotrophs futhi heterotrophs yakha phakathi kwabo ubudlelwano trophic. Kusemqoka isimo emvelweni emhlabeni, ngoba kungenxa ubudlelwane trophic eyenziwa umjikelezo we izinto ngokwemvelo.