American umqondisi wamabhayisikobho Uells Orson: A Biography, Filmography

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kungaba cinema yesimanje, uma ngesikhathi esisodwa awuzange ube umphumela abaqondisi oluvelele kusukela ezinsukwini zika-movie buthule. Lesi sihloko Sizokwenza indoda evuth 'uphondo kanjeya amela umsuka ifilimu umsindo. indlela yakhe futhi ngendlela ukwenza ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nezitatimende adiliza izingcaphuno. ubuhlakani Onekhono impikiswano Uells Orson! Imidwebo ye lokhu okuyinhloko kube yilolu suku awalulahlanga ukuhlobana futhi zifakwe Isikhwama yokuchuma kwezamabhayisikobho emhlabeni. Indaba mayelana lwerediyo "The War of the Worlds" by HG Wells, umkhiqizo usakhunjulwa, siphawula amandla yobuciko ukuthonya isilaleli.

Biography master

Wayengubani Orson Welles? Iminyaka yokuphila ke - 1915-1985. I waseMelika odumile ifilimu umqondisi - kuzalwa edolobheni elincane Kenosha (eWisconsin, eU.SA). Kusukela esemncane umfana waqala ukubonisa isithakazelo art. Wathatha iqhaza ngemidlalo yesikole noma wafunda idrama, wathatha izifundo umculo nokudweba. ezokuzilibazisa zikhuthazwa abazali ababe ngokwabo zokudala. Ubaba wenza Engcebweni yakhe ku ezisunguliwe nonina kwaba wopiyano sasivumela owaziwa emibuthanweni zomculo.

Early walahlekelwa unina, ikhanda lalo mfana uya emsebenzini. Yena uyafundelwa ngesikhathi ehlonishwa Illinois esikoleni. Othisha waphawula ithalenta ithalente abasha, futhi Uells Orson iqala isiteji imidlalo yaseshashalazini, inendima enkulu kuzo, futhi ngokuvamile kudala izwe ezimibalabala.

ithalente umdwebi sika

Ngokuphambene okulindelwe othisha bazo, iziqu ngo-1931 lesi sikole, lo abanamakhono insizwa ekujaheni ukuqhubeka nemfundo yabo. Ekhangwa zobuciko, ethanda ukwakha ubuhle bayo bemvelo izifundo e-Ireland, kuphi futhi wathumela ngokwabo okulinganiselwe kakhulu imali.

Ezimisele umculi osemusha enquma ukuhamba futhi ufune bemvelo efanelekayo yobuciko zabo kuyoba lula uma uthenga i-traffic. Kodwa njengoba imali kwanele nje zamahhashi, yena othenga udumbana bengabona inqola. Okwesikhathi esithile, Uells Orson usephila impilo ayimizulane, ebhala imidwebo nichithe ubusuku ngaphansi esibhakabhakeni evulekile. idyl okunjalo uyaqhubeka kuze frost kuqala. Khona-ke le nsizwa iya Dublin. Kukhona, uyobavusa ukudalelwa Uvula "Isango" ukusebenza yaseshashalazini, futhi uhlangana lapho umngane wakhe, esebenza njengomdwebi owengeziwe. Ukufunda ngesimo esinzima kwezezimali komngane wakhe, ngubani umqondisi yaseshashalazini Orson. Akwaziwa ukuthi kungaba umphumela interview, uma kungekhona namasu, eyabonisa intokazi Orson Welles. Yazichaza njengoba umqondisi nomdlali odumile Broadway, umqondisi yaseshashalazini. Yiqiniso, amazwi akhe kunzima ukukukholwa. Kodwa umqondisi uye wakhetha ukunika umfana ithuba Sassy futhi kamuva angikaze ngizisole ngesinqumo engasenza yakhe. ngempela Orson wayenesiphiwo. Iqala kanjalo-ke leso sinyathelo career ye inkanyezi esizayo.

izinyathelo kuqala

Ngemva kokuchitha iminyaka eminingi kule nkundla, babuka bese uzihambela Ireland, uye wabonisa ithalente ngaphezulu njengoba nesazi ubhala umphenyi izindaba. ESpain, lapho umlingisi uthunyelwa emva ukuvakasha, uzama usezakhele igama njengomqambi bullfighter, enza ngaphansi kwegama "American" in the ukulwa kwezinkunzi okubukelwa. Emuva ngo-1934 e-United States, kuthatha zokudala ithimba ukuhamba yaseshashalazini ezama isandla sakhe njengoba umqondisi rezhisser-. Ngo-1937, Orson on Broadway nge umkhiqizi John Hauzmenom kudala inkundla encane Mercury Theater, lapho ukusebenza kwi show Umenyiwe usunayo i wamabhayisikobho owaziwayo. Ngakho izethameli lokuqala wajwayelana ngendlela entsha imisebenzi classical. Futhi Uells Orson kwakuqala ukwanda kanye yenanelwa. Umdlalo "Yuliy Tsezar" by kaShakespeare play ngaphandle izwe futhi emoyeni yesimanjemanje. umqondisi Innovative akagcini lapho.

Sebenza emkhakheni okusakaza

Yena Unquma ukuzama ukuphoqelela qembu yakhe izinhlelo zomsakazo. Futhi kakade ngo-1938, kubike iThe Mercury Theatre ube yilungu lesikhathi esigcwele emsakazweni. Njalo ngeviki, ukudlulisa umsakazo ukusebenza of the weshashalazi. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke - isitatimende inoveli by HG Wells 'War of the Worlds "- kwaboniswa October 30, 1938 ukuhambisa ukusebenza ngendlela enengqondo ngendlela yokubika mayelana kwakuwukuhlasela alien.

Kusukela umbukiso ukusakaza ngosuku olwandulela Halloween, isiko ehlanganisa izindaba ezinyantisa izindaba ezahlukene, umqondisi wahluleka ucabange ukuthi izakhamuzi eziningi uzobe ezixoxwa izindaba ezisemthethweni. Kube ukwethuka, abantu bashiya imizi yabo, futhi noma iyiphi isiminyaminya. Ishayela emigqeni amaphoyisa ogcwele kakhulu ngenxa imiyalezo njalo mayelana njengabafokazi, ohlale wacabanga bantu abanovalo bayaya. Ikakhulukazi wahlupheka NJ. Ngoba lokho lapho ukufika kuqala alien efika umqondo wokuba ngumqondisi. Iziphathimandla, okwakuthatha ngaphezu kwenyanga out kubantu kwaba nje lwerediyo ukukholisa, awawazisanga ubuciko amandla anjalo, ukusebenza yazuza notoriety.

umsebenzi umqondisi sika

Yini oye wazibonakalisa Orson Welles? Umqondisi we umlingisi Kwatholakala ezinhle, nakuba novice. Wanikeza amathemba amakhulu, ngakho-ke, abakwazanga ukungena emkhakheni Ngenxa Hollywood. Wanikela izindima ezithakazelisayo futhi izivumelwano, kodwa wokuvelela insizwa engafuni zinciphise inkululeko yabo okudala. Ekugcineni, omunye inkampani evuma izimfuno zawo.

Futhi ngo-1939, Uells Orson usayine isivumelwano ne RKO RadioPictures, studio umnikeza inkululeko ngokuphelele kukhethwa izifundo kanye nendlela ukuqopha, umqondisi onquma ukusebenzisa. Kodwa esiqintini imidwebo esizayo futhi ekuqhamukeni nezindlela ezintsha ethatha ushiye ngabandayo Hollywood movie izinkanyezi yesikhathi. Nenzuzo kanye impumelelo ifilimu incike iqhaza osaziwayo. Ngakho-ke, kobuholi studio uyenqaba ukukhokhela amaphrojekthi Wells.

"Citizen Kane"

Yiziphi yobuciko wadala Orson Uells? Filmography lakhe olunzulu. Ake uqale nge isithombe "Citizen Kane."

Ngo-1940, ngemva izingxoxo ezinde, umqondisi studio ifilimu ufuna imali yokwenza lokhu ifilimu-idrama. Uba co-umbhali, umqondisi kanye umlingisi ehola. Uma sicabanga wezithombe ezinyakazayo eyakhishwa ngo-1941.

Le filimu iyalandisa impilo abezindaba tycoon, ngubani lapho eqala umsebenzi wakhe ezama ukuzuza umphakathi futhi ukuthonya inqubomgomo izindaba. Kodwa kancane kancane ukuhaha futhi wamukele kwemihlomulo okusezingeni eliphezulu yaba upopayi enkonzweni abanegunya. Isithombe kuyancomeka abagxeki futhi uqokelwe izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye for indondo "Oscar".

"Ezinhle Ambersons"

Ngo-1942, umqondisi presents ezweni movie "Ezinhle Ambersons". Le filimu Iyindaba Ambersons umndeni, okwakusho izizukulwane ezintathu bahlala idolobha elithule American. Ukuphila kwabo ocebile uya kancane kancane, kodwa kuza inkathi entsha futhi kumelwe zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezingokoqobo ezweni lanamuhla. Imali kanye nesikhundla babe injongo eyinhloko protagonist. Ukuze afinyelele umgomo wakhe, akazange angabaze ukuze senqabele uthando.

Nakuba ushutha i-movie zikhona izinguquko umhlahlandlela studio, isinqumo ukunciphisa izindleko, inkontileka elibuyekeziwe nge Wells, kanye version yokugcina Umdwebo ukukhwezwa ngaphandle kwakhe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi eziningi footage sanqunywa, ifilimu wathola ukuthi kuqokwe abantu abane for indondo "Oscar".

"Isihambi"

Ngo-1946 ukuthi sisuswe zinyanga isithombe Wells ngokubambisana RKO Radio Isithombe. Le filimu "Isihambi" usitshela ezethusayo seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, kohlanga amaJuda, ukuthi wesahlulelo wangaphambili ngokuzama ukubaleka ubulungiswa, lothando.

"I-Lady kusuka Shanghai" futhi "ethi Macbeth"

Ngo-1947, ukukhanya kweminyango Detective "The Lady kusuka Shanghai." Uzungu kuyadida. I protagonist konga kusukela izigcwelegcwele ubuhle, okuyinto ukwazisa wamthembisa iqhaza kuthengiselana. Kodwa njengoba kuvela, esikhundleni izinzuzo okuthenjisiwe protagonist kungaba ilahlekelwe ukuphila kwayo.

Ngo-1948, umqondisi ngezwi lakhe kwenza lithathelwe imisebenzi odumile kaShakespeare "Macbeth".

Bobabili imidwebo ukuthola izibuyekezo emihle baxgeki nezihluleke European American.

"Othello" futhi "The Third Man"

Umqondisi baya eYurophu. Kube waqhubeka amafilimu babe nemali yabo. Ngo-1952 wabona ukukhanya lomunye lithathelwe ifilimu kaShakespeare - "Othello", okuyinto umklomelo wokuqala Cannes Film Festival - "Palme d'Noma".

Phakathi ukusebenza esikhathini sabo siqu ukuze balukhulume movie inkanyezi e ifilimu "The Third Man". isimilo saKhe Harry Lime ubhekwa izindima engcono eyadlalwa Orson Welles, umqondisi biography esikhathini esizayo kuyafana ezithakazelisayo futhi ecebile.

"UMnu Ardkin" futhi "Inqubo"

Ukhumula ngo-1955, ifilimu-idrama "Mnu Ardkin". Kulesi ifilimu, umqondisi waphinda ebuza imibuzo ngokufaneleka amagugu jikelele ezifana nodumo unembeza. I protagonist eshisiwe ungathembeki. Uthi uzama ukumkhohlwa ngokuphelele lezi zenzakalo ngendlela inkumbulo.

Ama-movie ka-"Icala" - lithathelwe noveli ngu KAFKA. Washiya e yokuqasha ngo-1962. Le filimu lunikezelwe ndoda omncane okwaziyo inselelo uhlelo omkhulu. Orson uqobo wabiza lesi isithombe umsebenzi wakho omkhulu.

nezinye imidwebo

umsebenzi okuqhubekayo Orson Welles saletha izinzuzo ezinjalo:

• ngo-1965, futhi waphendukela imisebenzi kaShakespeare futhi wadala Umdwebo "Izinsimbi Midnight";
• ezinyakazayo isithombe eyakhishwa ngo-1968 "The Immortal Story" wathola Izibuyekezo kakhulu futhi baxgeki kwaduma kakhulu eYurophu. Lena indaba ethinta inhliziyo ngalokho umuntu akulungele ukuhamba ngenxa uyindlalifa;
• yokudweba "F Inkohliso". Lokhu mockumentary ahlekisayo lapho umqondisi ukuzama bayakwazisa umlando umsebenzi wakhe. Wadedelwa ngo-1973;
• iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe anikezelwe umsebenzi umqondisi Umdwebo "The Other Side of the Wind '. Kwakuyisikhathi ukubukeka satirical emsebenzini umqondisi kanye nokuthile ababengambeka ezibhekene umbhali, ofuna ukutshela umhlaba umbono wakho kudivayisi yakhe.

ukuphila Siqu

Manje kuyacaca ngubani Orson Welles. ukuphila Siqu kwaba kuhle anolaka. Thanda geniuses eziningi, umqondisi ngokuvamile uyakuthanda abesifazane. Wayedinga muse kusesho zokudala. Ngakho-ke, Wells wayeshadile kathathu futhi nginezingane ezintathu. unkosikazi wakhe wokugcina, abanye nothando kwaba yizinto umdlali waseshashalazini Oja Kodar.

isiphetho

Ngakho uyazi ukuthi ubani Orson Welles. Lo mlingisi, umqondisi abakhaliphile wazibonakalisa izinhlobo eziningi, ukuba inzalo kwesokunxele ifa eliyigugu lobuciko.