Amalungelo ezingane awusebenzi eRussia kanye INgqungquthela Yamalungelo Ezingane

Amalungelo ezingane awusebenzi zibaluleke ngokulinganayo futhi abophe kunalabo abadala. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ngoba izingane zidinga ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile njengeNdawo isimo kanye nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe. Izingane sekukaningi ukulwela amalungelo azo ngokwabo, ngakho umkhuba omhlaba kanye alalelwa kangaka umthetho ophathelene nezinkampani ezenza ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo abo ayisisekelo ngabanye.

Ukuvikelwa kwezingane Russian Federation kuyinto kuncike ezinhlinzekweni zoMthetho eziyisisekelo eNhlangano yeziZwe akhiwa Inhlangano.

amalungelo Ingane eRussia kulawulwa imibhalo zomthetho ezifana:

• Umkhaya Ikhodi WaseRussia;
• UMthethosisekelo Russian Federation;
• Umthetho we Russian Federation ekunakekelweni kwezempilo;
• UMthetho iziqinisekiso Basic Child Esintu Russian Federation;
• umthetho imfundo Federal;
• UMthetho kugada ezengeziwe ukuze kuvikeleke izintandane nezingane kwesokunxele ngaphandle abazali;
• Law Social Ukuvikelwa Ikhutshaziwe Abantu WaseRussia.

Esiyinhloko ithuluzi ngamazwe ekuvikelweni kwezingane kuyisibophezelo INgqungquthela Yamalungelo Ezingane. Kwathatha 20 Novemba 1989 g.strany eholwa yeNhlangano yeZizwe. It sacala kusebenta ngoSepthemba 2, 1990, ngemuva kokuthi samukelwa ngokomthetho 20 uthi. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka eSoviet Union. Ngemva ukubusa EMhlanganweni, ke wathola isimo umthetho endaweni ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, futhi manje WaseRussia.

INgqungquthela siqukethe 54 izihloko ngokuningiliziwe amalungelo ngabanye izingane. Igama elithi "ingane" CRC eyichaza ngokuthi "umuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili." Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, zonke izingane zinelungelo ukuthuthukisa umthamo wabo, khulula yindlala futhi ufuna, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zobudlova nokuhlukunyezwa.

INgqungquthela Yamalungelo Ezingane sibopha amathuba izingane nazo zonke amalungelo nemisebenzi abazali noma abantu ababhekene nabo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izingane zingaba libambe iqhaza ezinqumeni ukuthi bayakwazi kuthinte khona kwayo nekusasa.

INgqungquthela Yamalungelo Ezingane Uvikela amalungelo alandelayo izingane:

• ukuba umkhaya;
• yokuvikelwa nguMbuso ezimweni lapho kungekho Ukuvikelwa unomphela noma okwesikhashana kubazali babo;
• ukulingana;
• lokuvikelwa nodlame;
• mayelana nokwelashwa kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo;
• funda njalo besiya esikolo;
• lokuba nenkululeko yokucabanga futhi inkulumo;
• igama ubuzwe;
• ukuthola ulwazi;
• ukuba ukuphumula nokuzijabulisa;
• ku wombuso aid izidingo ezikhethekile (isib abakhubazekile).

Amalungelo kwabancane the Russian Federation

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka Ikhodi Umkhaya Russian Federation zihlanganisa zonke abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala. Iqiniso lokuthi umuntu ongazange attained yobudala, sisebenza ngokugcwele ngokuhambisana Civil Code akuphazamisi kungenzeka ucabangela ngamunye.

Isahluko 11 Ikhodi Umkhaya sisungula ingane amalungelo ayisisekelo:

• ilungelo lokuphila futhi zikhula emndenini;
• ilungelo lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela amalungelo esisemthethweni kanye nezithakazelo;
• ilungelo lokukhuluma nabazali babo kanye nezihlobo;
• ilungelo igama nesibongo;
• ilungelo lenkululeko yokukhuluma;
• Amalungelo endawo, kuhlanganise amalungelo umnikazi.

Imisebenzi izingane ekhaya akachaziwe ngokomthetho. Basuke kuphela lokubeka izindinganiso zokuziphatha, umthetho ukuphoqa ingane ukuthi yenze noma yimiphi imisebenzi emkhayeni bengayi.
Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo abantwana eRussia namuhla indlela ahlele Ombudsman for Children, zikhona 20 izifunda of Russia. Icala ukuthusa kakhulu ukuvikela amalungelo engane, isinqumo okuye ongumsolwa nokhomishana ukuthi kokuqhubeka phakathi kwabashadile Kristinoy Orbakayte futhi Ruslan Baysarov. Leli cala owawumkhulu ngenxa ukuthandwa abantu abathintekayo kulo. Nokho, izingxabano ezinjalo kuleli zwe kukhona akwanele. Namuhla, kube nothile ukuxazulula.

Ombudsman for Izingane ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivelayo ngenxa izigameko zobudlova basekhaya, intsha engamahlongandlebe, ukuluthwa izidakamizwa eziyingozi, ukuswela amakhaya kwabantu, kanye nezinye izinkinga ze-non-zezingane.