Abstract kuyinto ingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi

Abaningi bethu kwakudingeka babhale isichasiselo noma ukubuyekezwa komsebenzi, umsebenzi wezinkambo, umsebenzi wokuhlaziya ngesikhathi esikoleni nasesikhungweni. Kodwa ingabe senze kahle? Kusukela kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukuthi kusho ukuthini igama elithi "annotation" nokuthi kufanele ulibhale kanjani.

I-abstract iyincazelo emfushane yokuqukethwe kwencwadi noma isihloko. Kusuka kuso singafunda lokho okushiwo kulo mthombo. Kwenza umfundi azikhethele ukuthi ngabe kufanele afunde le ncwadi noma cha.

I-abstract yiyona okuqukethwe komsebenzi owenziwe emisho eminingi. Ihlukanisa isihloko esiyinhloko noma inkinga yencwadi. Ekuhunyushweni kusuka kolulini lwesiLatin "isichasiselo" inothi, inothi. Kubonisa ukuthi le ncwadi entsha iqukethe uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo.

I-abstract isici sencwadi eshicilelwe enganikeza ulwazi lomfundi ngokuqukethwe kwayo nenhloso, ebhalwe ngendlela efingqiwe. Umbhali unquma ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi azoluthola ngokuzimela. Kodwa okokuqala udinga ukunquma imininingwane yalo mbhalo. Uma lokhu kuyi-abstract yesembozo sencwadi, kuyoba indaba efushane yendaba futhi iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nomlobi, iziqu zakhe nemiklomelo. Uma lokhu kuyi-abstract yokukhangisa incwadi, khona-ke umbhalo wayo kufanele ube nesithakazelo kumthengi, ngakho wayefuna ukuyithenga.

Esichasweni akumele kube khona ukubuyisela isakhiwo, kungenjalo ngemva kokufunda, umfundi ngeke abe nesithakazelo ekufundeni le ncwadi ngokuphelele. Ukulungele ukubhala, zama ukuphendula imibuzo elandelayo: "Iyini le ncwadi mayelana na?", "Yimuphi umgomo umbhali abhale phansi?", "Ubhalwe bani?"

Umthamo we-annotation eningiliziwe uvela ezinhlamvu ezingu-600 kuya ku-700. Ihlanganisa:

- Isihloko sendaba noma incwadi (isibonelo, "Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngomsoco wabadlali ...");

- Incazelo yomgomo obekwe umbhali ("Izincomo zinikezwa ngokudla okunempilo ...");

- I-addressee ("Lesi sihloko sigxile ezindlebeni zesilisa ...");

- Isihlonipho sokubhalisa ("... ngezithombe ezinhle");

- ivolumu ("... encane ...");

- iseluleko kubafundi ("Uma ulandela izincomo ezichazwe kule ncwadi, ke ...");

- ulwazi mayelana nomlobi ("... ezithakazelisayo, othandekayo ...");

- ukukhangisa ("... umsebenzi uwenza ucabangisise ...").

Okucacile okufingqiwe kubonisa umsebenzi kusukela ekubukeni kwesihloko saso esiyinhloko. Umthamo wayo awufanele udlule izinhlamvu ezingu-240.

Abstract for the course course izinhlamvu ezingu-1000-1500 futhi kufaka phakathi:

- igama;

- ulwazi olumayelana nomlobi-mbumbulu onomqondo we-faculty, inkambo, ubuchwepheshe kanye nomphathi wephrojekthi;

- umbhalo ("Izindlela ezilandelayo zicatshangelwa emsebenzini wezemfundo ...", "Ukugxila ku ...")

Ukushicilelwa emsebenzini (isibonelo):

"Leli bhukwana lihlola inkinga yokuchazwa kwezinkambiso eziqukethwe ezihlokweni zeCriminal Code of the Russian Federation.Ukuzikhethela kwezomthetho indlela yokuchaza kwabo kanye nezindlela zokuhlaziywa kwezomthetho kuhlaziywa.Ngenxa yocwaningo, umbhali uhlongoza ukunikeza indlela ekhethekile yokwahlulela nokuchaza incazelo yayo."

Ngithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sizosiza umfundi ukuba aqonde umqondo we "annotation" futhi, uma kunesidingo, ubhale ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Inhlanhla!