Ukumiswa njengengxenye yenkulumo. Kuyini ukubaluleka kweziphakamiso zesiRashiya?

Uma sicabangela lo mbhalo njengengxenye yenkulumo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi leli yizwi lensizakalo. Iveza ukuthembela kwamabizo noma amabizo ngamanye amagama emisho noma emgqeni.

Kungani sidinga isizathu?

Kungase kubonakale ukuthi iziphakamiso, ngokusuka kwazo ngokuzihlukanisa kusuka kumongo, ungazise lutho, akudingeki neze inkulumo. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukuzama ukususa lawa magama amancane kusukela engxoxweni, ukuthi ukukhulumisana emshweni kuzophulwa kanjani. Le nkulumo ivele ihluke, njengebuhlalu entanjeni ehlanjwe, ibe izingxenye ezihlukene! Yebo, futhi ukuphikisana neqiniso lokuthi ama-pretexts ayithwali lutho, okungenani adidekile. Isibonelo, umusho othi "Isibhedlela ... ibhuloho" ngaphandle kwale ngxenye engeyona eyimfihlo yenkulumo akuthwali lutho. Phela, isibhedlela, esekelwe kolwazi olutholakali olutholakali ngenxa yokungabi nalutho, lungatholakala ngaphansi kwebhuloho ngemuva kwebhuloho . Ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi uma ibhuloho likhulu kakhulu, lo myalelo ongaphelele ungayenza. Futhi iphutha lesiphambeko kuyoba ukuthi akukho sikhombiso emshweni. Iyiphi ingxenye yenkulumo eletha inkulumo eyengeziwe yokufundisa, inikeza amagama okuxhumanisa emusho? Kakade emakilasi aphansi, abafundi bayazi impendulo yalo mbuzo. Lesi yisizathu. Njengengxenye yenkulumo, ayizimele, kodwa ngaphandle kwayo isenzo asikwazi ukuhlanganiswa namabonakude nama-isimemezelo kwezinye izimo.

Ubuhlobo bamagama emshweni

Amabizo namabizo, lapho okushiwo khona kungokwakhe, bathambekele. I-preposition njengengxenye yenkonzo yenkulumo ifakiwe embuzweni, obeka uhlobo lokuxhumana phakathi kwamazwi. Isibonelo, emgqumeni othi "Nikolai Fished eMfuleni", ubuhlobo phakathi kwesenzo esithi "fished" futhi igama elithi "emfuleni" lilandelwa. Ubuhlobo obuphakathi kwabo buchazwa ngalendlela: fried (kuphi?) Emfuleni noma obanjwe (kulokho?) Emfuleni . Futhi emshweni othi "Wafaka izinhlanzi emgodini", ukwakhiwa okulandelayo kungasungulwa ngosizo lokuphakamisa lo mbuzo: yibeke (kuphi?) Emgodini noma ulifake (kuleyiphi?) Ngaphakathi kwendawo . Ukuchaza amalungu omusho, ukuchazwa kuthiwa kubangelwa igama. Futhi uyingxenye yombuzo obelwe ilungu lesibili lesiphakamiso. Ngakho-ke, i-preposition njengengxenye yenkonzo yenkulumo ayikwazi ukuba umusho emshweni womusho, awukwazi ukubuzwa umbuzo, awusetshenziswanga ngokwehlukana kusuka esibizweni noma esibizweni.

Ubuhlobo bendawo obuveza izizathu

Kuzo zonke izinkinga ezilodwa, ukuxhuma phakathi kwamagama kunikezwa ngokushintsha amafomu amagama. Icala ngalinye lilawulwa iziphakamiso ezithile. Izibonelo: Ngigijima endleleni, ngigijime eceleni kwendlela . Okungukuthi, uma leli gama lisetshenziselwa icala lezinsimbi, ingxenye engokomthetho yenkulumo "c", "ngaphansi", "ngenhla", "eduze" nezinye isetshenzisiwe. Ezimweni ezihlukene, incazelo yeziphakamiso zihlukile. Kukhona ubudlelwane be-semantic phakathi kwamalungu omusho: "Amantombazane ayajabula nge-crossbar." I-preposition ifakiwe emthethweni wecala: wenza (yini?) Emgqeni we-crossbar , lapho okushiwo khona "ku-" kufakwe kuleso cala uqobo . Nakuba kungenzeka ukuba ucabange ngalokhu ukwakhiwa ngale ndlela: babehlanganyele (kuphi?) Emgqeni we-crossbar .

Ubuhlobo besimanje buvezwe ngesizathu

Emshweni othi "Sekusebusuku," ungasungula uxhumano usebenzisa umbuzo wecala-by-case: kwaba (nini?) Kusihlwa . Futhi emgqumeni othi "uValentina wabuyela ekhaya ngehora lesishiyagalolunye," ubuhlobo besikhashana bubekwa ngumbuzo: usebuyile (nini?) Emashumini amane edlule . Ukuxhunyaniswa okunjalo, njengoba abaphathi emabinini bahlinzeka ngeso lengqondo. Ingxenye ezimele yokukhuluma - igama elithi "isigamu" - kulo mongo lingasetshenziswa ngegama elithi "ku". Kodwa uma usebenzisa isilungiselelo "mayelana", khona-ke lokho okushiwo isitatimende kuzoshintsha, futhi icala lapho igama elixhomeke khona kwisenzo lizokuma. Ngempela, inkulumo ethi "uValentina ubuyele ekhaya cishe ingxenye engamashumi amane edlule" ahluke nenguqulo yokuqala. Futhi isilungiselelo "mayelana" sizobeka lesi sibizo esimweni sokuhlukumeza esikhundleni se-prepositional, njengoba kwakungokuhlukile kokuqala.

Ubuhlobo obunqunyiwe bokusebenzisana, oboniswe yi-preposition

Emgunyeni "Encwadini ebhaliwe mayelana nomqhubi omncane ofika emgqeni wokuqala", kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwamagama: wabhala (mayelana nobani?) Mayelana nomgijimi . Kuhlanganiswa kwenkulumo, ukuchazwa, njengengxenye yenkulumo, kusungula ubudlelwane bezinto phakathi kwezenzo kanye negama. Ku-collocation, lo mlando ulawula ukuxhaswa kwimeko yokubeka phambili.

Ubuhlobo bomsebenzi bubonakala nalapho usebenzisa isilungiselelo "y" - "Umgijimi wayenengubo ebonakalayo ekhanyayo." Lapha uxhumano luvela esitatimendeni sebizo esimweni sokuhlukumeza: kwaba (obani?) Umdlali . Kukhona okuhlukile kokusebenzisa isilungiselelo "ngaphezulu" uma ubeka igama eliphathekayo esimweni esandulele. Isibonelo: "Labafana bahleka kakhulu ngomngane owe odakeni." Kule nguqulo, ubudlelwane bezinto bubekwe emgqeni wehleka (phezu kwabani?) Ngaphansi kokuwa . Lapha njengento ayilona igama, kodwa uhlanganyele, okuyi-complement futhi akanalo igama elicacile nalo. Umuntu angabona ukusetshenziswa kulolu hlobo lobuhlobo be-semantic ye-preposition "ye". Isibonelo, lokhu kungabonakala esibonelweni sendima ethi "Abagibeli bamahhashi baqashelwa kubantwana abahlala esifundeni sesihlanu," lapho ukuxhumana okunjalo kuboniswa khona ngamazwi babhalwe (okuvela kubo?) Kusukela ezinganeni .

Ubuhlobo be-Semantic yendlela yokusebenza, evezwe yi-preposition

Ukucabangela umusho othi "Amantombazane ayejabulela ukubukela ikamela," singakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-predicate kanye ne-complement. Kuzobukeka kanje: kubukwa (kanjani?) Ngenjabulo noma ubukele (ngumuphi umuzwa?) Ngenjabulo . Incazelo yeziphakamiso emabintweni zikhulu, ngoba isenzo singakwazi ukulawula kuphela igama elixhomekile uma igama libikwa esimweni esifanele.

Ubudlelwane bemodi yesenzo bungabonakala uma amanye ama-pretexts asetshenziswa.

Ubuhlobo be-Causal semantic, oboniswe ngeso lengqondo

Emgqeni othi "Ngenxa yothando lwezilwane, uTanyusha wahlela indlu yangempela endlini lapho umndeni wezingulube ezihlala khona", isenzo "esilungiselelwe" silawula igama elithi "ngenxa yothando". Ukuphathwa kokuxhumana kusungulwa besebenzisa umbuzo (ngenxa yalokho?) Futhi kubonakala kanje: kuhlelwe (ngenxa yani, ngani?) Ngenxa yothando .

Ubuhlobo be-Causal semantic bungasungulwa ngosizo lwama-preposition "kusuka". Isibonelo, emgqumeni othi "Rabbit ethuthumela ngokwesaba" emagameni ashukunywe (kusuka kuphi? Kungani?) Kusuka ukwesaba, igama limelele ekuhlaleni. Ubuhlobo be-Causal bungabuye buvele uma usebenzisa ingxenye yenkonzo yenkulumo "nini." Isibonelo, kumusho othi "Uma ukushiswa kwelanga kufanele kusetshenziswe amafutha akhethekile" kumagama okumele asebenze (ngesizathu sini?) Ngokushisa, uxhumano lusetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa isilungiselelo "lapho". Ngokuvamile kunalokho, igama elilawulwa yi-stroke ligcwalisa indima yezimo. Ngezinye izikhathi ubudlelwane be-Causal buyasetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa isilungiselelo "by". Isibonelo: "Bengingekho emsebenzini ngenxa yokugula." Lapha kukhona uxhumano lokulawula emagameni akubanga (ngani?) Ngesizatfu esibonisa ubuhlobo besikhombisa.

Inhloso yemigomo ye-semantic evezwe ngeso lengqondo

Emgqumweni othi "uNataliya ngenjabulo yakhe wayenezimbali," isenzo "esithintekayo" silawula igama elithi "injabulo" ngosizo lombuzo (ngani? Ngabe yini?). Phakathi kwalawo magama ubuhlobo be-semantic eqondisiwe buyasungulwa.

Ukuxhumeka okunjalo kungalandelwa ekwenzeni ukusetshenziswa kanye namanye ama-pretexts, isibonelo, "c" imele. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba umusho: "UVictoria wathenga i-laptop ukuze ayisebenzise emsebenzini" - lapho ubuhlobo obuseduze bulandelwa khona kabili: kuthengwa (ngani? Ngabe yini?) Ngenhloso futhi usebenzise (kanjani? Kanjani?) Ukusebenza . Esikhathini sokuqala, ukuxhuma phakathi kokulawulwa kufakwe isimo sokuthi "c", futhi okwesibili sekucatshangwa ngokukhethwa kukho "ngenxa".

Iziphakamiso ezingezona ezithathwe futhi ezitholakala

Umsuka wamagama asizayo usivumela ukuba sihlukanise ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu. Iziphakamiso ezingezona ezithathayo zihlanganisa lezo ezingazange zenziwe kwezinye izingxenye zenkulumo. Okungukuthi , ngoku, phambili, ngaphandle, phakathi, ngemuva, ngaphezulu, ngaphansi, nabanye. Ama-derivatives avele ngenxa yokushintshwa kwezingxenye ezizimele zokukhuluma zibe yiziphakamiso. Zakhiwe kusukela ezichasweni, ama-gerund kanye namabizo.

1. Isibonelo, iziphakamiso ezinjalo ezitholakalayo ziyaziwa ngolimi lwesiRashiya, njengoba kunjalo, kunikeziwe, ngokubheka, ngosizo, ngenxa yokuthi . Babonakala ngokushintshela kwesinye isici senkulumo kusuka emabito.
2. Ama-pretexts angaphezu kweqile amagama avela ezizindeni. Isibonelo, lawo azoba ngamazwi emva kwalokho, edlule, edlulile, mayelana, kude nokuya phambili .
3. Ngokuguqulwa kwe-gerunds kuya kweziphakamiso kubonakala njengokungabalwa , ngoba, naphezu, kamuva, emva kwalokho.

Ama-pretexts alula - ukuhlukaniswa kwawo ngokubunjwa

Abamele le ngxenye esemthethweni yenkulumo bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili ngokuvumelana nomgomo wamagama angena kuwo. Isibonelo, iziphakamiso ezilula eziqukethe igama elilodwa zihlukanisiwe: phakathi, ngaphakathi, ku, ngaphandle, phansi, eduze . Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwazo ziyi:

1. Emapulazini akhethekile akhula izingwenya.
2. Kulezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo bese wenza izikhwama ezithandekayo, amabhande, izicathulo.

Esimweni sokuqala, ukuxhumana phakathi kwabaphathi kulandelwa emagameni ethi " khula" (kuphi?) Kuphi?) Emapulazini esebenzisa isilungiselelo "ku". Phakathi kwamagama kukhona ubudlelwane bomhlaba. Ngokwehlukile kwesibili, singabona ukulawulwa kwesenzo - igama elisetshenziselwa isakramente (obani?) Kusuka ezihlakalweni ezinwabuzelayo ngosizo lwe-preposition "ye". Lezi zinsuku zibhekwa njengenhloso.

Izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi

Iziphakamiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zinamagama amabili noma amathathu. Isibonelo, kuzodingeka ukuthi , naphezu kokungafani nabanye. Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwazo:

1. Naphezu kokubukeka kombono, uNatalika waqhubeka ehlala ebusuku ehlola izincwadi.
2. Ngokuphathelene nokuqala kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu nanhlanu, uMaria waya edolobheni ngenhloso yokubhalisa impesheni.
3. Ngokungafani namadodakazi acebile omthengisi uMalakhov, uNastasya wayenalo dowry noma ikusasa.

Ngakho-ke, kungaphetha ngokuthi isandulela njengengxenye yenkulumo ayinakusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwamanye amagama - amagama, amagama, izincazelo. Futhi angeke abe amalungu esiphakamiso, angeke abuzwe umbuzo. Nokho, njengengxenye esemthethweni yokukhuluma, izethulo zidlala indima ebalulekile emgqeni.