Submarine "Northwind": incazelo kanye Ukucaciswa. ngwenya Nuclear "Northwind"

Yokutholwa ngowokuqala-ngwenya project Russian Navy sika zikhali "Northwind" yamukelwa 2013. I ngwenya, okhiphe abezindaba isithombe ezifuywayo angaphandle, ebizwa ngokuthi "Yury Dolgoruky". Kuyinto ngaleso sikhathi kuphela mhla edlule 12. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba cruise womkhumbi wokuqala uhlobo olufanayo, elakhiwa Russia entsha.

Ngubani Boreas

Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi YesiGreki "Borey" kusho "enyakatho". Kodwa lo mqondo womhlaba, ephendula esifundeni ngokwengxenye ukusebenza, "Yuriya Dolgorukogo", okushiwo igama phrojekthi hhayi isiphelile. Ngamunye ngwenya wephrojekthi "Borey" limelela amandla ngesiGreki basezinganekwaneni unkulunkulu umzalwane Qaphela futhi Zephyr, indodana Astrea futhi EOS, umbusi ezinkulu zika umoya enyakatho. Bhala ngalo "Iliad" zikaHomer, yena waba hero intandokazi amakhosi ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, limchaza emisebenzini eminingi yobuciko ukuthi behlele izikhathi zethu. Inamandla, ezinamaphiko, darnel, eside-onezinwele ezimhloshana, wahlala "sivale indlela engena emgedeni sedmidomnom" (okungukuthi ngempela nezimfihlo) futhi benza ukuthi ufunani. Lapho benquma ukushada - yena bathunjwa Orifov, indodakazi yenkosi, ngasendleleni. Leli phuzu kamuva saboniswa emidwebweni yakhe abaculi abaningi. Isithombe ngamehlo engqondo Boreas unkulunkulu (owaziwa nangokuthi Zephyr) nokuthi Umdwebo "Spring" ka Botticelli. Ingabe igama ngwenya yenuzi nomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu.

Umlando yephrojekthi

I ngwenya "Northwind" ekuqaleni yakhelwe uhlobo ezithile naphakathi zenuzi amasu - okuqinile-fuel missile "Egxolweni" (P-39UTTH), maphakathi nawo-Eighties njengoba counterweight US, "Pershing-2". Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi kamuva, bemikhumbi naleso msebenzi kunabo bonke rocket, bonke okungahambanga kahle. Ekupheleni kwe-"Egxolweni" sanquma ukuba ayiyeke le phrojekthi, umkhumbi ingalo entsha kulandele okunye. Omunye khetho ukuhlomisa cruise yayo imicibisholo, kodwa eMnyango Wezokuvikela waphikelela ngokuthi ukuqhubeka nocwaningo emkhakheni okuqinile-fuel kweminsalo, kwadingeka, uma ziqhathaniswa ngaphambilini ezikhiqizwa e-USSR amasampula uketshezi, eziningi eziwusizo. umkhumbi Underwater okwamanje waqhubeka ukwakha. Izwe uye wangenela nezikhathi ezinzima.

Unfinished Yeltsin inkathi

Le phrojekthi isilungile ngemuva eU.SSR wokugoqa. I ngwenya lokuqala "Borey" ikilasi yasungulwa ngo 1996 futhi waba ... ukwakhiwa yempela yesikhathi eside. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, lapho ngokwehluleka "Barco" kucaca, amapulani ngomumo eyenziwe kwadingeka ukubuye zibukezwe. Ukwakhiwa umzimba okuhlala kanye engasindi zezimali ezibucayi kanye kusilela ngezimali eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi nambili. Kuphela 2008 kwaba ukuqaliswa emisiwe "Yuriya Dolgorukogo", kodwa kwathatha umnyuziki ikhalenda oneminyaka emihlanu ngoba ekupheleni komsebenzi kokuphothula futhi ukudluliselwa umkhumbi we-Northern Fleet we Russian Federation. Kodwa yonke le mizamo ukuba nginqobe ubunzima kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha kuthethelelwe. Submarine "Northwind" has ikufanelekela ukuhamba olwandle esiyingqayizivele.

Kuyini lokhu umkhumbi?

Babecwiliswa ukujula - amamitha amane (480 esiphezulu). isivinini kwamanzi - 29 ifindo, ebusweni amayunithi -15. Okusalungiswa (okuphelele) - .. amathani 24 ngamunye imitha umzimba esikweleni ephezulu amandla austenitic insimbi engagqwali AK-100, igcina umthwalo 40 ton. Ubude womkhumbi - 170 metres. amanzi ahlanzekile akhishwa ohlangothini izitshalo kungeyona, futhi ethathwa efanayo umoya-mpilo kwandzisa emoyeni kudingekani ngaphakathi imoto. Uma uyikha phezulu le awukwazi avuke izinyanga. izimo zokuphila omuhle kakhulu habitability olusungulelwe nezisebenzi. ngwenya yenuzi 'Northwind "akubonayo nakuzwayo konke okuhamba at ibanga amashumi amaningi Amamayela azungezile, has a uxhumano ezinzile code iziteshi acoustic futhi bekulungele ukufeza combat ohambweni. Injongo emkhunjini, ngokungafani nozakwabo abaningi abajwayelekile, amasu. Ngu-oda of the umongameli, kumelwe ukuletha okukhulu missile yenuzi isiteleka, amandla okuyinto kwanele ngempela ukuze ujike lonke izwekazi ibe yihlane ezingaphili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele Cruiser ngasese khona kunoma yimaphi endaweni olwandle, ku ongaziwa ukuba ibe ekujuleni isitha uhlela ezingalindelekile kuye. ukufaka ukuzivikela ambalwa imbozwe isihenqo imfihlakalo, like umkhumbi "Northwind". Imininingwane imfihlo, bazi ngazo impela kancane, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi kuphela ngoba injongo eyinhloko iyiphi yesimiso sokuzivikela ezingeni lelifana nele - ukwesabisa a umqali kungenzeka.

Izinhloso zamasu missile ngwenya akufakwanga abazingela ezokuthutha noma amabutho empi mabutho nobutha. Linikeza kuphela ekulondolozeni izikhali zenuzi usongo okuseduze ukuziphindiselela uma ehlaselwa.

Mayelana shipbuilding "umnikelo"

nobunzima lwezezimali ophoqelelwe abadali Omkhulu womkhumbi wokuqala uchungechunge ( "Yuriya Dolgorukogo") esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa yayo "Cougar" Project 971 ngwenya esigabeni (owaziwa nangokuthi "Pike-B"). Umklamo we "Aleksandra Nevskogo" amamojuli ezifanayo ziye lathathwa "Lynx", futhi esimweni we "Vladimirom Monomahom" - the "Ak Libhala". In the press leaked ulwazi ukuthi ngwenya yenuzi ekuseni futhi empini "Barnaul" baba uhlobo donor lwemikhumbi entsha, ngaleyo ndlela futhi isishiya abanye abagxeki umkhakha ukuzivikela Russian sifinyelela iziphetho mayelana backwardness lobuchwepheshe yemikhumbi yaseRussia. Yakhelwe nokucabanga engenathemba ukuthi ngwenya Project 955 "Borey" akuzona izwi wokugcina shipbuilding oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, futhi kuqoqwa izinto zokusetshenziswa secondary izingxenye, ngwenya elingasekho empini. Eqinisweni, isicelo ngempela efanelekayo amagobolondo sikebhe - ngempela isilinganiso kufaneleko ukunciphisa izindleko impahla. On amandla ukulwa lwemikhumbi entsha ayiphazamiseki.

Ophendulayo futhi ngamandla uhlelo

Inhliziyo ngwenya - a 190-megawatt umusi Kulungile-650V. Imithombo eyinhloko umsindo ukuthi udalule nanoma yiluphi ngwenya yenuzi, zihlanganisa amaphampu, Isibandisi ukudonsa futhi TGZA (turbo igesi-igiya iyunithi). Umklamo we ngwenya yenuzi 'Northwind ", lezi amayunithi ziyefana ukuthi ezisetshenziswa izikebhe yochungechunge odlule (kuhlanganise" Ash "project). Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi kunomsindo ayiguquki - ke yehlile ngenxa amaqhinga ahlukahlukene lobuchwepheshe. Lo muzi waba kudivayisi jet ngamandla, okuyinto kakhulu kwanciphisa emnike, yonke imishini wathola ukushaqeka wezinciphisi ekhethekile. Kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi esimweni ezidinga inqolobane ekhethekile, kukhona GTZA Ukukhipha kusukela kushaft bendiza kanye isikebhe eliqhutshwa ekhethekile ongaphakeme-umsindo injini. Okungenani ngaleyo ndlela ukuxazululwa umbuzo ekusithekeni "Ash".

esizukulwaneni sesine

I ngwenya "Northwind" - kwesizukulwane sesine umkhumbi. Injongo yalo yayihloselwe ukuthatha indawo ngwenya eyenziwe kwamaSoviet, lamuva okuyizinto isexwayiso iminyaka eyikhulu ikota sihlome uhlobo "Sineva" imicibisholo ketshezi. Le nqubekela phambili kwezakhiwo kulokhu buyafaneleka: ngwenya ibiza kakhulu futhi babe nokuphila isikhathi eside futhi ukufuduka imifanekiso yabo entsha kancane kancane. Strategic ocean abathwali zenuzi ezicitshwayo US Navy cishe engu efanayo Russian, ikakhulukazi kusukela okokugcina US zazibhekisiswa oyithandayo ngokudalwa multi-purpose ngwenya ngezithukuthuku nezinselelo zokukhuphula izinga containment global. Ukushesha yokwakhiwa ngwenya Russian ivukile kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, nakuba namazinga Soviet namanje bakhashane. Ngakho, lo mkhumbi yesibili (nawesithathu) Project 955 wakwazi ayifake inkonzo eminyakeni eyisithupha nje ngemva kokwakhiwa.

esiteshini acoustic

Yonke ekhaleni we ngwenya "Northwind" kuhlala ebucayi kakhulu eyindilinga antenna sonar uhlelo mgk-600B "Irtysh-Amphora". Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi banamandla kangakanani iyiphi kwamanzi kwezikhali giant, kwakuyoba engenamsebenzi ngaphandle ikhono elibanzi ukuhlola ebusweni kwemvelo futhi isimo kwamanzi. Ngaphandle imisebenzi evamile, owakhiwa shumopelengovanii, ukukhomba ukuqashelwa nokuxhumana, ibhodi Gak akwazi ukukala ukuthi ukushuba we ice uzingela torpedoes nezimayini, ukuthola iqine ku Ezindaweni enyakatho futhi ahlinzeke umkhumbi umyalo eziningi neminye imininingwane ewusizo, olukhulu esimweni ukulwa.

iziqhumane

I ngwenya "Northwind" has a ngalé ehlukile nge umusa ukugawulwa kutheleka kwabantu. Kukhona missile iziqhumane, okuyizinto eziyinhloko isikhali we kwamanzi injongo ekhethekile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Kuze isikhathi lapho idatha yanyatheliswa on amathuba yecebo mkhumbi omusha, ochwepheshe ezempi babekholelwa ukuthi eko. Empeleni akunjalo: iziqhumane, ayishumi nesithupha, ngamunye kubo - missile "Bulava". ukujula sinjalo ultraprecise uhlelo inikeza isiqalo okuthembekile kusuka kunoma iyiphi inkambo ukulwa.

Ngakho yini ne "Bulava"?

I ngwenya "Northwind" yadalwa ukuze ube umphathi missile entsha "Bulava". Kusukela ngo-January 2013 umkhumbi liyingxenye Northern Fleet, kodwa namanje akwaziwa ukuthi ngempumelelo kungaba buhlungu olwehlela kubo. Inguquko ukuba uhlobo olusha izinhlamvu wazibonakalisa more xaka kunalokho okwake kwacatshangwa. Empeleni, izinzuzo okuqinile-fuel ezicitshwayo zimi kanje:

- esivikelekile futhi ukukhishwa pheze ephelele kungenzeka ngephutha ekuqaleni-up;

- izindleko iphansana;

- ukuqala lula;

- ngaphansi sengozini izinhlelo missile ukuzivikela.

Nokho, i-rocket okuqinile abe engaba encane ukulwa isicelo kuka - at obulinganako - uketshezi olufanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe of umkhiqizo wabo libhekene eziningi ubuqili.

Ngo-2013, abagibele "Aleksandra Nevskogo" kwatholwa kokuthuma "Bulava R-30", kushabalele. Igobolondo wawa imizuzu emibili ngemuva kokuqala. Ngaphambi kwalesi sehlakalo, isivivinyo ngempumelelo. Ngemva uxazulula izimbangeli ezilandelayo nazo kwenziwe nakanjani. izimo yobumfihlo ungavumeli iziphetho eqinile mayelana ukulwa amandla ngwenya "Northwind". TTX missile "Bulava" eyaziwa kuphela Imibandela, bakha imfihlo isimo. Isebenza ukuthuthukisa futhi ukwandisa nokwethenjelwa uyaqhubeka.

Ezinye izikebhe kuphrojekthi 955

Ngamunye the "Borey 'ngwenya elandelayo iqala uhlobo kuhlukile ukuphelela odlule ezikhulayo. Umkhumbi lead, "Yury Dolgoruky" kusukela ekuqaleni 2013 kuthiwa wenziwa phansi Navy Gadzhiyevo (SF). "U-Alexander saseNevsky" - ngwenya elilandelayo - kusukela ekupheleni konyaka ofanayo, wakhonza Pacific Fleet e Vilyuchinsk, njengengxenye Division 25th. Ngemva konyaka, ngo-December 2014, kwafika iyunithi yesithathu yochungechunge ngwenya yenuzi 'uVladimir Monomakh "ngesisekelo efanayo. Zonke izikebhe ezintathu azikakabi ulwe komsebenzi ezindaweni zokusebenza. Kunzima ukuba yahlulele ngezinga elingakanani isizathu salokhu wukuthi ukulungela lobuchwepheshe. Umkhuba ejwayelekile zonke mabutho wezwe olunzulu nisebenzela amakhono nabasebenza futhi sifinyelele izinto kakhulu esiphelele umkhumbi ngaphambi kokushiya egumbini lokuhlinza. Umyalo siqukethe 55 kakhulu abasebenzi basehhovisi kanye 52 amatilosi, lapho amakhono izimfuneko nazo eliphezulu kakhulu. On kanjani imisebenzi yabo esihlelwe kahle, ke akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni impumelelo kohambo olude, kodwa futhi ukuphila ezinqala.

Okulandelayo "Borei"

Ngo-2009, ngesikhathi "Sevmash" wabeka umkhumbi wesine yephrojekthi 955, wathola igama St Nicholas. imishini Okwamanje, ngaphakathi izindlu siphelile ezifakwayo nemishini kagesi. Le nguqulo ye-missile kwamanzi has a Inkomba 955-U.

Ngo-2014 yaqala ukwakhiwa izilinganiso ezingamakhulu amabili - "Suvorov" nangokuthi "iSikhulu Oleg" (inguqulo 955-A). Imisebenzi yakhe esigabeni of inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-sikebhe ingcindezi.

Ukuze 2015 sihlelwe kubekwa ezimbili ngwenya ngezigaba "Boreas".

It kukhawulwe ngabe Navy eziyisishiyagalombili ngwenya Russian ezizukulwane ezine, ayikaziwa. Mhlawumbe, inombolo yabo uyofinyelela eziyishumi ngo-2020. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bayobizwa esikhundleni emsebenzini "squid" futhi "Dolphins" Project 667, okuyinto kakade otsluzhat ukuphila kwakhe.