Kungani banikeza i-Order ye-Red Star? Imiyalo yempi kanye nemindela yeSoviet Union

I-Order ye-Red Star ngumvuzo owaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu owaziyo okwenzekayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isenzakalo esabekayo - i-Great Patriotic War ka-1941-45. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu, lapho i-Order of the Red Star inikezwa amasosha ayezihlukanisa empini.

Ukusungulwa kwe-Order ye-Red Star

Umklomelo we-Order of the Red Star waba umbuso emva kokuba iPlumum yeKomiti Eyinhloko Eyinhloko ye-USSR yamukele futhi isayine iSinqumo. Lokhu kwenzeka emuva ngawo-1930 kude nempi.

Esikhathini esizayo, ukulungiswa okuhlukahlukene kuphela okwenziwe kumalungiselelo okushiwo yi-Order of the Red Star. Ngakho-ke, izinguquko zenziwa kathathu kuma-40s, futhi ukuvunyelwa kohlelo olusha lomyalelo kwenzeka ngo-1980.

Isimo

UHulumeni we-oda waqalwa ukuvuza izakhamuzi ezivelele.

Ngakho-ke, i-Order ye-Red Star yezinsizakalo zokulwa yenziwa ukuze ibuyiselwe amabutho nama-navy servicemen, kanye nabalindi bomngcele, izikhulu ze-KGB nezinduna ze-Internal Affairs Directorate.

Ngabe yini eyanikezwa i-oda le-Red Star ezikhathini ezibalwe ngenhla?

1. Ngezinsizakalo enhlanganweni yokuphepha emngceleni wezwe.
2. Ukubonisa isibindi somuntu siqu empini, kanye nobuholi kanye nenhlangano enhle kakhulu yezenzo ze-servicemen engaphansi, okwaholela empumelelweni.
3. Ngesibindi nesibindi, okwakuboniswa ngesikhathi kukhishwa isikweletu endaweni lapho kwakukhona usongo ekuphileni.
4. Ukuze kubonakale umonakalo omkhulu esitheni ngokusebenzisa ubuholi obunobuchwepheshe bamaqembu ezempi ngenkathi kuqhutshwa impi.
5. Ukugcwaliseka okucacile kwemisebenzi yomyalo nezinye izinyathelo, ezenziwe, kuhlanganise nezimo zokuthula.
6. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi bezempi kanye nempi.
7. Ukuze silondoloze amasosha ngokulungela okufanele.
8. Ukuphumelela okuhle kakhulu ekuqeqesheni komuntu siqu, ukulwa kanye nezombangazwe.
9. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imboni yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, okwenza kube lula ukuqinisa ikhono lokuvikela izwe.

Ukwamukela lo myalelo kwenziwa kuphela ngesisekelo seziphakamiso ezivela kubaphathi abaphezulu beminyango: uMnyango Wezangaphakathi, i-KGB noma uMnyango Wezokuvikela.

Kwakudingeka ukuthi igqoke ngakwesokudla, ngemuva kwe- Order of the Patriotic War II degree, uma ikhona.

Yeka ukuthi umvuzo ubuke kanjani

I-Order ye-Red Star yayifakwe njengezinkanyezi ezinhlanu ezikhomba futhi ihlanganiswe ne-koqweqwe lwawo oluhlaza.

Phakathi nendawo kukhona isihlangu lapho amadoda aseBomvu aseBlack Army aboniswa khona egqoke izigqoko ezinkulu namabhantshi, abambe izibhamu. Emkhawulweni wesihlangu ungafunda umbhalo othi "Abasebenzi bazo zonke amazwe, bahlangane", futhi ngezansi - "USSR". Ngaphansi kwesihlangu kwakukhona isithombe sesikwele nesando. Amaphethelo azo zonke izakhi zomklomelo ayeyi-oxidized.

Ukuze ukhiqizwe i-oda, isiliva yekhwalithi ephezulu isetshenzisiwe. Ngomklomelo ngamunye, kuthathwe ngaphezu kwamagremu angu-27 ensimbi, futhi isisindo somyalelo sasingaphezu kwamagremu angu-30.

Ubukhulu bayo abukhulu. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezingqimba zenkanyezi laliyi-47 noma i-50 cm futhi lithembele kulo nyaka lapho umklomelo ukhishwe khona.

Ukufaka umyalelo ngemuva kwehlangothini lwakhe kwakukhona iphini enezintambo. Kusukela ngaphasi kwesigqoko, i-nut ephahleni yahlulwa phezu kwepini, ephethe umyalo esifubeni.

Isethi yayihlanganisa ibhande le-moiré lesililika elinamanzi angu-24 mm. Phakathi kwesikhungo se-tape kwakuyisiqeshana esingamamitha amahlanu ubukhulu begrey.

Okokuqala, lo myalelo wawugqoke ngakwesobunxele, kodwa kamuva izibambo ezinamabhande angase agqoke ngakwesokudla zaziswa, futhi umklomelo wawunamathele ngakolunye uhlangothi.

Umlando we-oda: eyishumi yokuqala

Umklomelo nguye owokuqala phakathi kweSoviet kanye neyesibili, njengoba kunikezwe isikhathi sokusungulwa. Abalobi bangumdwebi waseGolenetsky nomculi u-Kupriyanov.

Umlando wayo wokunikeza umyalelo uthatha kusukela ngo-1930. Owokuqala ukuwuthola kwakuwumlawuli obomvu owaziwa, owaba ngumshayeli weSoviet Union, uVasily Blucher. Ukufaneleka kwakhe kwakuwukuqeda ukucindezelwa kwebutho laseShayina kwiSino-East Railway.

Ngemuva kwe-Blucher, umklomelo wanikezwa iqembu labashayeli bezindiza abenza izindiza ezindizayo ezindizeni ezakhiwe ngabakhiqizi bezindiza baseSoviet. Umzila wendiza wadlula eMoscow, Ankara, eTiflis, Kabul naseTashkent. Indawo yokugcina yayiyiMoscow. Ubude obude bezindiza bekungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-10 000. Lesi esinye isibonelo salokho okushiwo i-oda le-Red Star.

Umsunguli nomnjiniyela wezamabhizinisi ezempi uKovalev, u-servicemen Pavlunovsky, uKarutsky nabanye bathola i-Order ye-Red Star. Uhlu lwalabo abanikezwa iminyaka eyishumi ngaphambi kweMpi yePatriotic ingafakwa ohlwini isikhathi eside.

Ukuhambisa i-Order ye-heroism esikhathini sangaphambi kwempi

Abaqhubi bezindiza abaqhuba izindiza kanye nokulungisa izindiza ekuboneni okufanelekile, ukuthi bawuthola kanjani i-Order ye-Red Star. Ngale ndlela, abakwa-servicemen bavuzwa, abangazange benze noma yiziphi izinto ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezempi, kodwa bazihlukanisa ngokwenza izenzo zobuqhawe ezenzelwe izwe ngesikhathi sokuthula. Isibonelo esiphelele: iVikosa nomshayeli wezithuthi Yerenkov phakathi nendiza yasebusika bakwazi ukulungisa ukulungiswa kwe-chassis ngqo emoyeni. U-Yerenkov wagibela iphiko lendiza, uVikosa wambeka ngezandla ngaphandle kwamathuluzi akhethekile. Ngenxa yesibindi nesibindi sabashayeli bezindiza, umonakalo wasuswa, futhi indiza yaqedwa ngempumelelo.

Kwakukhona isipiliyoni sokunikeza i-oda kanye nabasebenzi bezokwelapha. Yamukelwa nguPyotr Vasilyevich Mandryka, oyinhloko yesibhedlela esiphezulu se-People's Commissar, ngenxa yobuholi bakhe obuyisibonelo kanye nokwakhiwa okusemthethweni kwecala.

Imiyalo yokunikezela yabasebenzi bezindiza

Ngenkathi yangaphambi kwempi, abasebenzi bezindiza zezindiza, abagibeli bezindiza, abahamba ngezinyawo nabanjiniyela bokuhlola babevame ukunikezwa i-Red Star. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1933, onjiniyela bomshini we-Air Force u-Aladinsky, uMichigin, uGromov nabanye bathola i-Order ye-Red Star, bahlelelwe usuku lwezokuhamba . Kanye nabo, abasebenzi bezikole zempi balungiselela abasebenzi basebenzi bezindiza nabasebenzi bomnyango wokwakha, ababandakanyekayo ekwakheni imishini yezindiza, banikezwa.

Phakathi kwemiklomelo yemikhumbi yezindiza kwakuyigama lomqambi odumile wendiza u-Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev. Ukubunjwa okusetshenziselwa ukuthola i-oda kuzwakala kanje: "Ukwakhiwa kwenani lezindiza ezivelele." Kodwa kungekudala injini evelele yahluleka, waboshwa, futhi yonke imiklomelo yathathwa. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kwempi, uTupolev wakhululwa, wavuselelwa futhi wakwazi ukubuyisa umvuzo wakhe. Nokho, babeyizinombolo ezihluke kakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka kwezinye izimboni

Kanye nemboni yezindiza ngalesi sikhathi, indima enkulu yadlala yi-extraction yezinto eziyigugu. Umklomelo wanikezwa enhloko yomnyango wezimayini zasegolide uSerbrovsky ngoba ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sakhe esibucayi inkampani idlulile uhlelo lokumba izimayini ngo-1934.

Eminyakeni emibili eyalandela, abasebenzi be-missile kanye ne-tank production bayakwazisa. Imiyalo yathola imishini, abashayeli bamatekisi abazihlukanisa ngamakhono okulwa okuhle kakhulu nentuthuko ephumelelayo yokuqeqeshwa kwezombangazwe. Isibonelo, isitokisi se-Oshkaderov sithole umklomelo wamahora angu-800 wokulawulwa kwezinkinga zethangi.

Phakathi kwalabo, i-Red Stars nayo yanikwa abasebenzi bamaphephandaba. Esikhathini sokuqala iqoqo lephephandaba elifanayo lanikezwa. Waqaphela ngokuphumelela okukhethekile ekuhlinzekeni ukuqeqeshwa kanye nemikhumbi. Kamuva, "I-Red Star" yathola ezinye izindondo.

I-Order ye-Red Star WWII

Ngesikhathi seMpi yePatriotic, inani labamukeli bomklomelo lenyuke ngaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. Omunye owokuqala ukukhishwa nguye opharetha we-radio uBlovol, owayesezingeni le-junior sergeant. Nguye kuphela owakwazi ukudubula phansi izindiza ezintathu zesitha lapho ebuyela eqenjini lezindiza zaseSoviet ezivela emsebenzini.

Abahlanganyeli beMpi Yezwe Yesibili, abanikeze i-Order of the Red Star, bahlukaniswa ukulwa kwabo nokuzinikela kwabo. Phakathi kwabo kwakungewona kuphela ama-servicemen evelele, kodwa futhi nawo wonke ama-military formations, kanye nezinyunithi zempi namagundane.

I-Order ye-Star Star eMpini Yezwe Yesibili yamukelwa njengezikhulu ezazihlukanisa ngokwenza umyalo okwazi ukulwa, kanye namasosha ajwayelekile, ama-sergeants kanye nezinkampani ukuze babonise isibindi ekuvikeleni i-Motherland.

Amahhashi anikeze uMyalelo we-Red Star

E-USSR kwakukhona amaqhawe amaningi athola i-Order ye-Red Star. Uhlu lwemiklomelo luqukethe amagama wabantu abadumile. Ngokwesibonelo, umklami wezindiza u-AN Tupolev wazihlukanisa ngokudala indiza eyingqayizivele, futhi umdlali we-actor VA Etush wabamba iqhaza ekuvikeleni iRostov ne-Ukraine.

Abahlanganyeli beMpi Yezwe Yesibili, abanikeze i-Order ye-Red Star, babekhona nasezakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe. Ukufaneleka kwamadoda anamandla avela eNgilandi, e-Afrika, e-Italy, kanye nama-brave fighters wokuthula phakathi kwama-servicemen ase-US ahlonishwa. Ingqikithi phakathi neMpi Enkulu yePatriotic War abangaphezu kuka-180 izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe zanikezwa.

Ukwazi ukuthi yini abantu abaye bayenzela iMelandland yabo amashumi eminyaka, umbuzo walokho okushiwo yi-oda le-Red Star kunomunye unjiniyela, iphoyisa noma isosha liba nzima.

Ezinye imiklomelo yempi yaseSoviet Union

Ezinsukwini ze-USSR, kwasungulwa izindondo eziningana, ezazinikezelwa kuma-servicemen amabutho, ama-navy, amabutho angaphakathi kanye nabalindi bomngcele. Phakathi kwabo, izindondo "For Courage" kanye "For Military Merit" zathola udumo olukhethekile. Bamukelwa yibo ababonisa isibindi nesibindi ekulwa nezitha zokulondoloza imingcele, ubuqotho nobukhosi bezwe.

Kwabesolwandle, abaphakathi kanye nezikhulu zeNavy, izimali ezihlukene zaqalwa: amagama abahlonishwayo u-Ushakov noNakhimov.

Eminyakeni ye-Great Patriotic War, ngemuva kokuvikelwa ngokuphumelelayo kwemizi evela kubahlaseli, inhloko yeNyunyana, uJoseph Vissarionovich, yakhipha imiyalo yokunikezela imindeni "Ukuvikela idolobha" kubantu abahlomile ngokukhethekile nabahlali emadolobheni akhululiwe. Ngakho, abaphikisi bathola abaphikisi baseLeningrad, Sevastopol, eMoscow, eStalingrad nakwamanye amadolobha ezweni.