Izici aphansi nezamabanga aphakeme ezithinta ukuzamazama komhlaba

Izimo letitsintsa ukuzamazama komhlaba - kudala lokhu Isenzakalo esingokwemvelo, ngenxa okuyinto abantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo aye onakaliswa. Bona pretty okuningi. Futhi zonke izindawo kumele babelane ngemininingwane ngangokunokwenzeka.

ukushaqeka zokuzamazama komhlaba

Lokhu - into yokuqala okufanele ukunakwa kuqashelwe, ukhuluma ngokuzamazama komhlaba ethinta izinto. ukushaqeka Seismic libizwa umthelela kubangelwa ukuhlaselwa komhlaba (ukuqhuma) yawo eguquguqukayo Earth. It kuvela kusukela umthelela amabutho ezijulile zomhlaba. Kuleli qophelo, the ukusonteka izingqimba zomhlaba dwala bese - kokucindezelwa yabo okwalandela. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka sindisa ezibucayi, ngenxa lapho izingqimba udlulele kwamangqamuzana. Lokhu yakha iphutha uqweqwe ukuthi amvalele jerks. Futhi, yena, ube ebikhuluma ngocansi udede yokushaqeka zokuzamazama komhlaba.

Futhi kule ndaba kuzomele sifake ukufuduka kwezinguzunga zeqhwa futhi rocks. Leli akulona ezinkulu ukuzamazama komhlaba yesiteleka isici, kodwa omunye walabo.

Ezinye izici eziyinhloko

Ukuze okungenhla kungase kuhlanganise ukufuduka, vibration, warping kwenhlabathi kanye nomhlabathi. Izinto eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuzamazama komhlaba - liphinde ukuhlanekezela uqhekeke, subsidence futhi compaction. Ngokushesha efika engqondweni iyisici Geological, efana kumhambela. Nokho, njengomuntu ayilona iphuzu eyinhloko yesiteleka komhlaba. Lokhu okulandelayo, okuzovela ngokuvamile ogwini kwezilwandle noma emifuleni, izikhathi kanye ezintabeni. Futhi phezu nasemithambekeni wezigodi. I esiyingozi kakhulu ifomu ezansi zezilwandle.

Futhi kungani zenzeka? Ngenxa komhlaba. Yiqiniso, kukhona ngezigaba kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kolwandle. Imvula, iqhwa, iqhwa, izintaba-mlilo, limnogennye kuphakama nangenxa yezinye izizathu, kungaqondakala kusuka egameni. Kodwa kwenhlabathi seismogenic senziwa nokuzamazama komhlaba okukodwa okunamandla. Ground mass iqeda nge nemithambeka. Imiphumela ezingaphezu kuka sina. Uma Ngokuwa ezinamandla, abantu, izilwane, izitshalo kanye izakhiwo sengozini izingcezwana nezilima ngamacebo ezahlukene, amatshe ukuze kuvuleke.

Ezinye izici - amaphutha, amagagasi yokwanda (i-tsunami okwalandela), lapho kuwa amabhilidi kuthi laba abangaphansi komhlaba amagesi.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba - ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo

Futhi ngempela. I Iqembu lomhlaba wonke lososayensi ngo-Ephreli kulo nyaka, waphinda ukuqinisekisile esiphethweni - ukuzamazama komhlaba kungabangela (noma isici) kuqhuma. Noma ngisho eyodwa, kodwa ambalwa.

Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi esiphethweni sokuthi ezinye izintaba-mlilo ziqhume iphutha ngokushesha ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba. Nokho, Isimanga siwukuthi, buqamama ezikhungweni zabo. Lesi sihloko nentshisekelo ngisho uCharles Darwin.

Futhi ukuhlobana eyodwa futhi lomkhuba wesibili ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Inguqulo eyodwa kanje: ukundindizela nethonya elihle ku ukukhula magma Bubbles. Bona anda ivolumu. Futhi ingcindezi elandayo magma. Nokho, kwatholakala ukuthi eyindilinga magma emaphaketheni ezisukunyiswe amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba.

Eyesibili negagasi nemiphumela

Okungenhla - akubona bonke lokho kusho umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba. Lona nje zezici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuzamazama kukhona yesibili.

Lezi zihlanganisa ukuqhuma imililo. Ukuvuvukala kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinabantu, ngenxa ukuvuza igesi yemvelo noma nezinye izinto ezivuthayo, futhi ngenxa yokwephula izintambo zikagesi. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka ngo-1995 e Kobe (Japan). Enye inhlekelele engokwemvelo embi kakhulu kuleli zwe - 7.3 esikalini sikaRichter. Imbangela kwaba nje iphutha zomhlaba. Ngenxa umlilo wazithatha ngenxa yale nhlekelele sabulala abantu abangaba 5000.

Okuningi izici yesibili ezithinta ukuzamazama komhlaba - inhlekelele, izikhukhula, iphula amapayipi amanethiwekhi, kanye mudflows futhi rockfalls. Konke okungenhla uyakwazi ukufeza ukuphila kwamakhulu abantu.

izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze

Lena - eyodwa ngaphezulu phetho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuze silithinte, ukhuluma ngani ukuzamazama izici zayo ezithinta. Ukuziletha kuyoba into elula. Avalanche - mass enkulu neqhwa okwehla kuvela nemithambeka. Iqiniso ukuthi kungadalwa umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba nokundindizela - akumangazi. Kusuka inhlekelele ezingase ashanele umuntu emthambekeni. Kushone Ngakho abaqwali eziningi snowboarders. Abantu bamane awe ukuphakama elikhulu futhi sekhefu. Kodwa kukhona ezinye izizathu.

Isithwathwa lalizishaya kubonakala enhle futhi kulula. Eqinisweni, nenqwaba izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze izimpahla ezingamathani angu-abangamakhulu amaningana! Ngenxa yalokho - amathambo waphuka futhi asphyxia (ukufuthelana). Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe akunakwenzeka ukucela usizo. Esikhathini iqhwa ababuthakathaka umsindo conductivity. Kuyinto soft futhi suppresses ngisho ukukhala loudest usizo.

Man - sicasulwa

Futhi Kuyaziwa bonke. efakwe ohlwini Ngaphambili izici ezithinta ukuzamazama komhlaba. imiphumela zamabanga aphansi naphezulu ukuze abantu Ingaba yinto engathí sina kakhulu. Lokho nje ngokubukeka kwabo bavame ukusola abantu ngokwabo.

Ezinye izenzo zabo Sigcizelela isinyathelo esiqondile emakhasini izinhlekelele zemvelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokususa isiteshi, ezijulile ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba, kwekhabhoni imfucuza eyingozi emkhathini, futhi ngisho inhlolakuvumelana. Amaphutha ekuklanyweni, kakhudlwana futhi kamuva owawusekelwe ukuphila, kungaba yingozi.

Imbangela ukuzamazama komhlaba ezingezona ezemvelo kungaba umjovo amanzi noma amafutha ngokujulile phansi, okuyinto kwenziwe ngezinhloso kwemvelo noma ezimbonini. Liquid kuthinte ukwanda ingcindezi ngomshoshaphansi. Futhi, yena, buthakathaka ezivuzayo. Umphumela - okuvela kokuzamazama komhlaba. Futhi izici zawo ezithinta, ngamafuphi, sesivele siboniswa impilo yabantu. Ngoba kubalulekile kangaka indlela wemfanelo. Akukona nje amazwi. Man ngoba kungaba uhlushwa izenzo zabo.

isikhala ngemuva

Nokho, izizathu ezibalwe ngenhla ezithinta ukuzamazama komhlaba - zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Kodwa kukhona kuncike mnandi, eziphathelene ngqo kuleli engokwemvelo. Futhi lokhu - zezici zenzeka hhayi emva, kodwa ngaphambi kwale nhlekelele.

Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, geophysicists Japanese wathola okuthile okuthakazelisayo. Iqiniso lokuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba isixhumanisi nge umjikelezo egcwele. Ngomqondo onabile, lokhu akumangalisi. Phela, elifanayo amagagasi exhumene umjikelezo egcwele.

Yini ososayensi baye bafinyelela? Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuvela, ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kakhulu yenzeka nalezo zikhathi lapho kokuthwasa kwenyanga noma inyanga egcwele wabusa.

Yayichaza akusiwona lula kakhulu, kodwa kuyacaca. Uma sikhuluma ulimi oluvamile, uMhlaba, Moon futhi Sun lihamba njalo. Babe eduze, bese ususa kude nomunye. Lokhu kuphakamisa notorious amabutho olwandle. Ngenxa umphumela ezahlukene Luhambo uqale amagagasi amadamu. Ikakhulukazi - olwandle. Ngo okufanayo ezweni ebusweni ukusonteka kwenzeka. Izinguquko zincane - ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Kodwa lezi zamagciwane kukhona isici elibangela umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba. Uma kwenzeka, izindawo eyenziwe yaba eyasendaweni ebusweni Umhlaba ngokucijile bephonsa voltage okuyinto kopilos iminyaka iqhubeka ngenxa yokungathathi zonke eshiwo ngaphambili - imijikelezo ezinqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga, igagasi, kungasaziwa, nezinye izinto.

ezidlula

Ukukhuluma ngalokho izici ezithinta ukuzamazama komhlaba, kufanele ukunakwa noted sikaRichter. Ithola ubuningi okuyinto ephawula amandla eyakhululwa umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba.

Okungenani - zero amaphuzu. Noma ngabe yini eyenziwa fixed amadivayisi kuphela. Iyunithi kuboniswa ukuzamazama komhlaba, okungasekelwe obuzwiwa abantu. Deuce - into kungenziwa obuzwiwa abaqashi behlupha izitezi. Umsebenzi, ziyahlukahluka kusuka 2.5 kuya ku-3 amaphuzu, wazizwa kulo lonke isakhiwo. Seen wahosha izinto ezitholakalayo lokhu - the Chandeliers, "iphupho Bangababambi", senhliziyo, njll ...

Ngezinye 3.5 amaphuzu indandatho amafasitela nezicabha okukhululekile amafasitela. enyakaza olubonakalayo amanzi? Ngakho, amandla eqoshiwe kusuka 4 kuya 4.5 esikalini sikaRichter. Nge amaphuzu amahlanu abantu alahlekelwe ukuzimelela kwakhe usimende aqhephukile namawindi ngobugebengu. Uma izinyawo zakho kunzima ukungacasuki, futhi elidala obheka "Emthandazweni wakhe" isakhiwo nciphisa - Umsebenzi anda ezingeni "6 'ngezinga elingakaze. Ngezinye 6.5 ku imifantu emhlabeni.

Ukubhujiswa nezokuxhumana kanye izakhiwo kuchazwe 7 amaphuzu. 7.5 Lapho kukhona kwenhlabathi eziyihlazo ngaphezulu. Uma komzila kukhona bent, kanye namapayipi phezani umsebenzi - kakade 8 amaphuzu. 8.6 Lapho amandla eyenziwe ukuzamazama komhlaba, abangaphezu kwesigidi (!) Times lowo has ngebhomu le-athomu. 9 amaphuzu - lena ukuphela. Isakhiwo, kanye konke okukhona endaweni, libhujiswa.

seaquake

Lena - obalulekile inombolo sihloko 2. ukuzamazama komhlaba izici zawo ezithinta ngempela esabekayo. Kodwa uma ekushintshashintsheni ezihlobene machibi - owayenecala ngale nhlekelele yangempela siyeza.

Seaquake kuzo zonke izimo ephelezelwa ukuphakama kwamagagasi ogwini. It okungenani. Futhi ngokuvamile lokhu mkhuba - phetho kokuzamazama komhlaba, owawunesihloko eshayeka kusezweni eduze kolwandle noma ezansi.

Isizathu Kungase omkhulu kumhambela ogwini ungqimba. Noma ukuthi akusiyo kangcono, ukuqhuma-mlilo ngaphansi kwamanzi. Imiphumela iyiphi yalezi zindlela kwasani. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula e 1755 - enhlekeleleni okwenzeka eduze Lisbon. Kwakuwusuku uthuthumele zokuzamazama komhlaba ukuthi wayithukuthelisa seaquake, inqwaba imililo kanye enamandla imitha-17-tsunami okusezingeni eliphezulu. Le ngozi yenzeke ngesikhathi 9:20 am on 1 Novemba. imizuzu Kushone 80 000 (!) Abantu. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi izazi zokuma komhlaba, ubukhulu bale wasondela amaphuzu 8.7. Kuleso kunzima yini ukukholelwa - eqinisweni 1/3 komuzi ke bekaphadlhuke ubhujiswe.

Indlela ukubikezela into?

Wonke umuntu ukutadisha ukuzamazama komhlaba ethinta izinto, ibonisa - kungenzeka ngandlela-thile ukugwema zonke kulokhu okungenhla? Mancane kakhulu amathuba okuba. Vimbela iyiphi Isenzakalo esingokwemvelo bamabutho abantu bangakwazi. Kodwa le ndlela yakhe ukukhomba - kahle.

Kufanele uqaphele uma endaweni, eyayikade emoyeni kwaba lihlanzekile, kwakukhona isimdubula. Izinyoni nezilwane behave ukubuyisa? Ingase futhi kube uphawu. Cats ngokuvamile ashiye indawo yabo evamile lokuhlala, beletha amazinyane. Izinyoni imizuzu 10-15 ngaphambi umcimbi uqala ukuthethisa ngokungavamile futhi nitshekule yezinyoni. Futhi izilwane ezihlala izinqolobane, bethukile. Iqiniso lokuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba ahambisana Amasimu normal kagesi. Izilwane kuyinto sikuqaphela ngokugcwele futhi sisabele kahle lapho.

I ukusonteka komgwaqo noma eliwumhlaba webs kufanele wazise ukuzamazama kwangaphambilini - kakhulu. Enye iphaphame - a ukuthungela okuzenzakalelayo izibani Fluorescent. Yiqiniso, uma kukhona into eyodwa, uvalo akudingekile. Kodwa nansi nesigcino zonke lezi zici, kufanele waziswe.

Coming inhlekelele - yini okumele ngiyenze?

ukuzamazama komhlaba ethinta izinto babebhekwa njengabantu. Imithetho yokuziphatha - Esinye isihloko kufanele ukunakwa kuphawulwe. Qha nakanye, yebo, ukuthi le nhlekelele neze zithinte abantu. Kodwa nasi isixwayiso - is forearmed.

Ukubusa №1 - ngesidingo sokuhlala siphapheme. Kudingeka senze ngokuqiniseka futhi ngokushesha, futhi ngenxa yalesi sidinga ukuzithiba. Ukubusa №2 - kumelwe ngokushesha ushiye isakhiwo. Ngoba usendaweni elondeke kunazo zonke ngesikhathi umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba - kuba indawo inombolo okungenani izakhiwo.

Ukubusa №3 - kubalulekile ukuba ushiye isakhiwo ngemva ukundindiza kokuqala. Ngoba kungenjalo ungalahlekelwa ibhalansi yakho. Rule №4 - akukho sadlala ngesikhathi. Ngalinye libalulekile yesibili. Kuyadingeka ukuba bathathe kuphela imali, amadokhumenti nezinto essentials - into ngaphandle okuyinto hhayi abantu angaba khona ngempela. Okubuthakathaka, abantu ababuthaka kanye nezilwane kwadingeka ukuba basizwe aphume esakhiweni.

Ukubusa №5 - akukho zommbila, izixuku lihlala futhi agxume aphume amafasitela. Futhi ekugcineni, elokugcina. Ukushiya efulethini / ehhovisi / ekhaya / emsebenzini, kubalulekile ukuba ukuvala igesi, amanzi kanye nogesi.

Uma akunandlela yokubalekela?

Kwenzeka ukuthi ushiye isakhiwo akusebenzi. Wakhumbula sicephu zigcwaliswe, iminyango bagibele - kungenzeka iyiphi. Kodwa kulokhu, esasibonakala njengomnyama ongenafu, asikwazi sililahle ithemba nokulwa umoya.

Indawo ephephile egunjini - kungcono amakhona izindonga esemqoka noma ukuvuleka kuzo. Kanye isikhala itholakala ngaphansi izakhiwo umthwalo ezinembewu. Le ndoda, okwacaca endaweni "gibe" enjalo, kumele lisithekile phansi, emaceleni esifubeni sakho phambili, bese uvala ubuso futhi ikhanda nge izingalo. Ungakwazi asukume nazo odongeni asekelayo. Nokho bavunyelwe "uqamba amanga" kanye kuba.

Ithuba ukubaleka okungenhla, uma egumbini unomthombo isipele ukukhanya, supply yokudla namathantala amanzi, inqwaba lokuqala zosizo kanye nomsakazo azimele wodwa.

Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - ithemba nokholo insindiso. Miracle, angeke kwenzeke, kodwa lokho akuchazi ukulahlekelwa isibindi umuntu kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kanjani esimweni esithile - kuyiqiniso.