Abalimi nomlando umkhakha Russian Possessional

Ukusebenza eziyisisekelo futhi ezingaba okudala yiliphi izwe - abantu, izakhamuzi abahlala kuwo. Awukho uhulumeni uyakwazi ukuthi siphakamise umnotho, ukuletha isimo kunoma imingcele abalulekile, uma ingekho inamba eyanele yabasebenzi kanye ongoti abafanelekayo. Labo ababemi oshayelayo isimo Russian, kuhle ukuba baqonde. Ngoba kusukela esikhathini Yaroslava Mudrogo bese izikhulu isiRashiya, futhi mithi kamuva, ababusi radeyuschie kweqiniso Ukuphokophelela amandla okuphatha, wazama ngangokunokwenzeka yakha yizikhonzi zabo. Ikakhulukazi waphumelela kule ndaba, Potr Veliky.

Ukuba hhayi kuphela wezinguquko olukhulu eRussia, ukuze inhlabathi Russian by ukutshala eziningi amasiko nemikhuba West, uPetru kuye kwafeza lukhulu ngokuba ukuhlonywa nokuthuthukisa umkhakha kazwelonke. Kusukela emahlathini aminyene ezweni seyenze igxathu elikhulu emhlabeni ngesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Nokho, uPetru efanayo, nabo bonke uhlamvu entandweni yeningi, isibe omunye kwezinwele eziqine kubabusi amakhosi asendulo. Yilokho lapho kwakubonakala sengathi lolu hlobo serfdom njengoba abalimi sathathwa futhi possessional ukulunga, kodwa, bese walibiza ngokuhlukile kancane.

Lapho uPetru bekulokhu ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo ye esise-Ural, eSiberia nakwezinye izindawo eRussia, kubaluleke kwezomnotho. Yakhelwe kwemboni, izimboni, ogama abanikazi - imvelaphi abantu nedvoryanskyh. It abathengisi, abameleli kwamanye amakilasi abaphuma ukwenza imali eshisiwe futhi baqala ukutshala inhloko-dolobha yabo ku ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha.

emazweni abasha badinga kuxazululwe on izitshalo kuyakhiwa - umsebenzi. Yiqiniso, wonke umsebenzi waphathiswa abantu. Nokho, abanikazi amabhizinisi akakwazanga ukuthenga abalimi - kwakuyilungelo yezikhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba nokwandisa abasebenzi ezimbonini izandla, uPetru izingxenye emakhulwini abalimi kuyakhiwa namabhizinisi osuvele ukhona.

Ngakho, ukuthi wabhalwa ngu abalimi - incazelo, owawuthi okuthiwa uhulumeni, inkantolo, abalimi kwezomnotho, esikhundleni ukukhokha intela yokuvota abasebenza izinkampani ezizimele noma engaphansi kukahulumeni. Ngokuvamile chasiselwe kubantukazana kuye emsebenzini ngaphandle ubalule isikhathi, okungukuthi, kuze kube phakade. Kwaba inhlobo olunye uhlobo serfdom. Ngesimo base impahla isimo. Eqinisweni, bona bathembele ngokuphelele phezu abakhiqizi. isiphetho sabo kwaba engcono kakhulu isiphetho inqaba ngesikhathi umninindlu.

Kakade esigabeni sokuqala we abalimi kwekhulu le-19 ukuthi wabhalwa ngu waziwa ngokuthi esisemqoka, bese afakiwe okubizwa ngokuthi abalimi possessional. Leli gama ezikutholile emva izinkampani ethola imali imali isimo, nabizelwa sebuniyo.

Ngenxa yalokho, abalimi possessional - abantu ngaphandle ezweni Attached ukuthi asebenze manufactories. Abantu bacabanga into efana imishini imboni, yokusungula, awase ukuba igama ibhizinisi, hhayi umniniyo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukuthengisa noma ukudayisa abalimi abasebenza kule nkampani, njengoba nje kwenza kulendawo, abanikazi manufactories bahluleka.

Abalimi wathenga amadolobhana wonke abantu abangavumelani, izitshalo kanye nezimboni ezizungezile. Ezinjalo njengoba engaphansi kubhekwe possessional abalimi esasibalekile, uma they possess phi amakhono, sifunda ukwenza umsebenzi othile endaweni yokukhanda. izimiso zikahulumeni ezikhethekile ebhalwe zonke izinto butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela ubudlelwane phakathi kwabanikazi ifektri ezigqileni zabo.

Yebo, abalimi possessional wahlupheka nobuxhwanguxhwangu ubudlova, ukucindezelwa tekusebenta hhayi ngaphansi kuka nozakwabo yasemakhaya. Ngenxa ingcweti Abantu babalekile abanikazi endaweni yokukhanda. Ezindaweni of zokuhlala eziboshiwe noma possessional ongumlimi izibhelu Kwagqashuka sihlome ukuhlubuka. Ngokwesibonelo, e pugachovskom ukunyakaza babehlanganyela eziningi izimboni runaway.

Lokhu ukungabi kwamandla abalimi possessional matasa kuze 1840, unyaka. Kuyinto ngalesi ithuba waqala kubo impumuzo. Emthethweni wamashumi amane ekhethekile ukhulula abasebenzi kusukela ezinye izinkampani, kuncike nyaka, kwenza kwaba nomfutho omkhulu. Khona-ke, nge ukuqedwa ka serfdom, abantu abasebenza ithole inkululeko. Nokho, kwaze kwaba ngo-1917 abalimi possessional kwezinye izifunda of the Empire, Russian ezazisemizini ebugqilini efanayo.