Uhlelo eyohlobo

Elichaza inombolo ngokwanele enkulu kokubili yezinqubo zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba futhi izinhlelo esetshenziswa isigaba "Isigaba".

Esikhathini elula umqondo "Isigaba" isigaba okuthiwa ezimele, yesimiso ezithile, okuyinto libhekene homogeneity isihlobo isakhiwo kanye nokusungulwa. Isigaba, ngokuvamile okwanele ezizimele kanye uhlukane nezinye izigaba ohlelweni umkhawulo othile - yisigaba interfacial.

Ngokombono walaba izinhlelo ikhemikhali zihlanganisa uhlelo eyohlobo angasebenza isigaba izidakamizwa kunoma yisiphi isimo aggregate: igesi, okuqinile, uketshezi, futhi Izingxube yabo kanye nezixazululo. A impahla ezivamile ubuye enze ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye akuyona igesi okuxubile, uketshezi, noma yimiphi ukudla okuqinile akha isigaba esihlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sicabanga ngokuthi uhlelo imodeli ehlanganisa ice, okuyinto liyancibilika namanzi, izigaba ezimbili ungabahlukanisa kulesi simiso - amanzi ice. Iqiniso lokuthi banayo okungenani ingxenye eyodwa futhi, kodwa kule nokwakheka izinto ezahlukene, ngakho bamele isigaba ezizimele. Ngokufanayo, ungakwazi ukunikeza izibonelo ukuba khona izinto esingabonisa ngazo silungise khona isigaba esisodwa kuphela. Lokhu kufanele kubandakanye emoyeni, i aqueous isixazululo potassium permanganate, hydrochloric acid. Kulezi compounds, akukho izigaba sobala interphase futhi iphoyinti yayo isakhiwo uhlelo ngamunye iyunifomu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okushiwo ekuqaleni yencazelo sihloko alanele futhi olubanzi. Ubunjwe kuyimfuneko homogeneity kanye nesazisi sokuqanjwa, kodwa le ndlela efanele kuphela maqondana zilingana izinhlelo. Endabeni efanayo, lapho uhlelo esifundazweni ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, isigaba kungaba inhomogeneous. Futhi ivolumu esigabeni eyohlobo kukhona sokuboshwa isikhathi izakhi nesilinganiso akha esigabeni esinikeziwe.

Isigaba "Isigaba" futhi ukhonza njengesisebenzi umbandela wokuthola Ukwahlukaniswa izinhlelo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali. Ngokusho isibalo zonke izinhlelo zihlukaniswe zinhlobo ezifana uhlelo eyohlobo futhi uhlelo heterogeneous. Ngakho kungenzeka futhi kwakha ukuchaza lezi zigaba. Heterogeneous ehlelekile ingenye lapho isibalo izigaba ayilingani omunye. Futhi, ngokufanele, uhlelo eyohlobo - uhlelo lapho isigaba esisodwa kuphela ikhishwe.

Izigaba ngokwabo nazo oluthathwa zibe izinhlobo. Isigaba okuqinile - ingenye lapho ithola kusuka kwelinye iphuzu eya kwelinye kwenzeka ngaphandle ukuwela esigabeni isigaba. Kuyinto khona kwale kanye kuphela lokhu isigaba libhekene uhlelo eyohlobo.

Ngokungafani isimiso sakhe heterogeneous kudalwa njengoba isigaba okuqhubekayo kanye bahlakazeka, ukuthi wenziwe iinqetjhana enombolweni izingxenye ehlukile.

Izibonelo izinhlelo eyohlobo kungaba izixazululo kweqiniso, ngoba izinhlayiya ukuthi awenze, kukhona nenye ongagcini ezingeni le-athomu.

Okwakushiwo eziphawuleka kakhulu ngokomzimba leli qiniso ephawula kulesi sigaba, njengoba njalo yakhoibrium kohlelo eyohlobo. Lokhu njalo, esikhundleni salokho, ephawula kwesinye isakhiwo ebalulekile izinhlelo eyohlobo - ibhalansi. Ukusabela letentiwako ngaphakathi isigaba olulodwa, ukubizwa ngokuthi eyohlobo, okusho ukuthi zonke izinto ezihilelekile ke kukhona esimweni esifanayo wokuhlanganisa. Equilibrium ngokuhamba ukusabela okunjalo zinezikhathi into ezifana yakhoibrium e uhlelo eyohlobo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-ukusabela okunjalo kwenzeka ukuba isethi lokuhlushwa izinga lokuba kusengenzeka kokubili ngqo futhi ukuhlanekezela ukusabela ngaphakathi. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi isimo yakhoibrium chemical , futhi kuba, ngokwengxenye enkulu, siwulimi inkomba okuyiwona iyeke njengoba enjalo ngenxa yokusabela.

Abantu abehla yakhoibrium kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba sithole amandla ukuqedela chemical yokusabela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Kuyinto value jikelele futhi isho noma yiluphi uhlelo.