Stanyukovich Konstantin Mihaylovich: Biography, lokusungula

Ezincwadini isiRashiya, igama kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa le marinistiki uhlobo. Sekuvele ukugomela cishe ezivamile ubuciko IsiRashiya sinamagama umculi ezimbili okungenakuqhathaniswa izakhi kolwandle, belingana ithalente: yokudweba - Ivan Aivazovsky, ezincwadini - Stanyukovich. Konstantin wayevela inhlobo amatilosi sitholwa njengefa. Kunengqondo, yini enye-ke bhala, yena ngempumelelo waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengoba umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle, lapho enomuzwa ukuqalekela umsebenzi wokubhala? Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kuncike wakhe oyinhloko, wathola hhayi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

indodana ka-Admiral

Wazalwa ngo-1843 kuleli dolobha, efanekisela enkazimulweni asolwandle Russia - e Sevastopol. Ubaba - Admiral Mihail Nikolaevich Stanyukovich - wakhonza njengephayona umbusi lempi Usigaxamabhande we port lempi Sevastopol. "Kubi, Admiral," njengoba ngokuthi kuye kamuva indodana-umbhali, kubhekwa the best service ibhizinisi zasolwandle umuntu, a esiqinile lempi ukuze - indlela efanele kakhulu ukuhlela ukuphila, efanelekayo imikhaya. Ayeyinzalo ka i yizicukuthwane Polish-Lithuanian umndeni lasendulo Stankovichey, ayenazo i intando yensimbi kanye uhlamvu oqinile. icala Marine khona isiko lomkhaya lasendulo: ngisho nomkayo Lubov eyindodakazi, umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle.

Dynasty kufanele kuqhutshwe - lokhu wayeqiniseka Admiral Stanyukovich. Konstantin, owayeyisikhulu ebuntwaneni ephapheme futhi inethiwekhi Yesikhashana, baba kulesi sici sethemba main kayise. Wenza amalungiselelo ukuze kwakhiwe kokuqala indodana, bamqhubela njengoba umuntu ozoyisiza umfundisi kahle abafundile, babevela Petersburg nezazi Ippolit Matveyevich Debu. Yena wadingiselwa isevisi isosha abavamile, ngemva kokudonsa link. Isixhumanisi kwaba enye nesigwebo sentambo esimweni Petrashevists (1949) - emjikelezweni ovulekile we Socialists abasha eholwa Michael Butashevich-Petrashevsky lapho umhlobo Debu ku mug kwaba F. M. Dostoevsky. Debu hhayi ugqozi wakhe umfundi iminyaka eyishumi imibono yakhe kakhulu impela nje, kodwa bagxilisa kuye ajabulele izincwadi ezinhle.

Medal wezokuVikela we Sevastopol

Ngo 1853 waqala iMpi YaseCrimea, okuyinto sekuwuphawu Russia zanqwabelana izinkinga zezenhlalo ezihlobene ne-ezombusazwe ezingasebenzi ka autocracy, yakhinyabezeka amathemba izingqimba eziphambili abantu setingucuko, kulindeleke ngisho nangemva ukunqoba Impi Ye-1812. Khona-ke lokhu kuzoholela ukunyakaza-mbuso ka-1860, lapho ngeke aphunyuke ithonya Stanyukovich. Konstantin oyozwelana imibono ashisekela izinguquko, kodwa okwamanje ke engu-11, futhi ezibukela esondela Sevastopol amabutho Anglo-French.

Phakathi bevikela umuzi kuyinto uConstantine kanye noyise uvame ukukhonza njengephayona ehambisa eletha nemithi esiteshini sigqoka, njll Kuyinto emehlweni abo ubukele ubuqhawe nosizi amatilosi Russian idolobha ukulethwa, ubona abaholi edume of ukuzivikela - .. Admirals Kornilov futhi Istomin. Lapho, emva esiphuthumayo kusukela base ezivinjezelwe Sea Fleet e-1856, lapho ngasebenza kwabosizo lokuqala Petersburg Corps of amakhasi, efika khona indondo "Ngo inkumbulo kweMpi Eastern" futhi "Ukuze ekumeleleni Sevastopol." Ngokusho isicelo sikayise, ngubani amaphupho nge-career oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, indodana yakhe, ngo-1857 waba ubusosha Stanyukovich Marine Corps.

Ukuphela umsebenzi isikhulu sika

Ngu-1860s ekuqaleni kwakhe yayisivele itheleleke nge abanothando ekudalweni izwi. Ngo-1859 wakhipha umqulu "North Imbali" umagazini ngencwadi yakhe yokuqala - ". Isotsha umhlala" inkondlo Ngemva konyaka, phakathi Konstantin nobaba ephula ingxabano, okuyinto wasungula coldness ebuhlotsheni babo, okuzobe kusho ukuphela ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile ikhefu ephelele. INdodana umemezela isinqumo sakhe ukuze uthumele esikhungweni sokuya empini - University of Petersburg, lapho ngokucijile eziphikisayo Admiral Stanyukovich. Konstantin ziyophoqeleka ukuba bathathe uhambo emhlabeni wonke phezu corvette "Kalevala", lapho amatilosi ukuthi izofakwa ngesikhathi ekufuna kayise ekwindla ka 1860.

Itilosi Old luthemba obunohlonze omoya wasolwandle ikhanda lendodana yakhe usule izinto ezahlukene, futhi asolwandle Stanyukovich lwamakhosi izoqhubeka. Kodwa iqhaza uConstantine ngo circumnavigation iminyaka emithathu - indlela ukuze athole ulwazi olusha kanye nakho ngomsebenzi wakhe lokubhala. Futhi kakade seluqalile: kumagazini ezidumile "Maritime Collection" inyathelisa izihloko kanye eseyi Stanyukovicha midshipman, futhi ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwakhe ngokuzikhandla ubhala ngayekubonile ngalokho akubona nakuzwa.

Umhlalaphansi

Ngo-1864, i-midshipman Stanyukovich, breaking ukuphikiswa kayise asebenzayo, waxoshwa Navy. Ukuqala impilo entsha Kwakungelula. Yena uqala nokubambisana asebenzayo izincwadi ezihlukahlukene - "ngezwi", "Petersburg leaf", "I-alamu", njll "iqoqo Sea" eshicilelwe indaba Constantine Stanyukovicha "Storm" .. Kodwa ngokushesha ukushada Lyubovi Nikolaevne Artseulovoy ke kuzalwe indodakazi yakhe yokuqala, futhi phambi umbhali abasha kunenkinga uyakufanelekela ukwesekwa ezingokwenyama zomkhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu izikhathi eziningana esima eminyangweni ehlukahlukene.

In the plan zokudala Stanyukovicha yokusesha iqhubeka isitayela main theme. Nakuba ngayekubonile isevisi oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, futhi yabizwa ngokuthi incwadi 1867 ngokuthi "Kusukela circumnavigation", bahlangana ngesithakazelo, kuya kuba benamandla kakhulu ngohlelo nokulangazelela ukubhala ngezihloko kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe. Unomuzwa iqiniso imibono ukuveza masterminds yokuthola amandla bayanda ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso, ikakhulukazi iphiko layo olukhulu - populism. Ngelinye ilanga waze wasebenza njengomfundisi esikoleni zokucathula edolobhaneni County of Murom.

Umhleli walo magazini "Delo"

Kancane kancane zasondela indaba ephathwayo ulwandle zize kamuva. Kusukela 1872 Stanyukovich uqala kusebenta ngekukhutsala esigabeni "Ibhizinisi" umagazini, futhi kusukela ngo-1877 has kuzo zonke guestroom banyathelisa izihloko zakhe futhi satires. Phakathi kwabo, "Izincwadi sowezizwe yizicukuthwane" futhi "Google kokuphila komphakathi" eziletha udumo Stanyukovich umhlaziyi kanzima zokuphila Russian ngemva izinguquko ka 1861. Ngokufanayo, izihloko enikelwe amanoveli "Whirlpool" futhi "AMADODANA AMABILI", onyatheliswe kuyi-80s zakuqala.

Kodwa ngo-1880 Stanyukovich baba co-umhleli we- "Izimo", futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu - umhleli wayo oyinhloko. Yena seluvele isisindo ezithile negunya phakathi abasekeli yezinguquko wamavukelambuso, neziphathimandla olusemthethweni futhi izikhulu zamaphoyisa wachazwa ngokuthi umuntu 'emelene nohulumeni ubuntu engqondweni ".

Ukuboshwa nokudingiswa

In the 80s ekuqaleni umbhali ngokuphindaphindiwe size siye kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokugula indodakazi endala. Kube uhlangana neqembu abathutha zezombusazwe abavela eRussia, kuhlanganise iphiko olukhulu kakhulu, esasihlanganisa Abantu - abahlanganyeli eqondile abahleli kwamaphekula ngokumelene abavelele izikhulu tsarist - S. Kravchinskii, V. Zasulich.

Kwakungenakwenzeka kunakwe amaphoyisa, ikakhulukazi emva umzamo kokubulawa 1 Mashi, 1881 u-Alexander II, futhi ngo-Ephreli 1884 Stanyukovich waboshwa wabekwa casemates le nqaba. Kwathi ekuphendukeni umbhali ezivela kwamanye amazwe, ngempela kungalindelekile, futhi umndeni isikhashana angazanga ukuthi ukuphi. Iqala baphenya eside, okwaphela kuphela ngemva konyaka.

lokuzalwa yesibili

Ngo-1885, umlobi wathunyelwa eSiberia iminyaka emithathu ngiqashwe amaphoyisa sazinza saseTomsk. Lapha futhi kwakukhona lokuzalwa wangempela omkhulu umbhali-seascape. Usebenza kanzima, kudala futhi isebenza nabantu ichaza ukuphila eSiberia, kodwa esiyinhloko amanoveli akhe futhi tindzaba letimfisha iba ukuphila amatilosi.

Kukhona yobuciko yakhe edumile kusukela ukuqoqwa "Sea Stories" :. "! Indoda zomkhumbi," "On the itshe", "Escape", njll Kubafundi futhi baxgeki okuqhubekayo uqaphele ukuthi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Stanyukovicha elithakazelisayo hhayi kuphela zasolwandle romance umoya, ukunemba kwawo nokuthi unezinto esingazethemba e kakhulu izingxenye ezincane, kodwa futhi neyobuntu, afise ukuba kwenziwe ubulungisa, ukunakekela abantu abavamile.

"Akagcinanga nomuzwa wayehlala eziphila olwandle"

Ngemva kokubuya ekudingisweni ngo-1888 Stanyukovicha ulindele dolobha reception nomdlandla okubangelwa impumelelo enkulu of "izindaba kolwandle" zalo. iqoqo lakhe sokukhuluma kahle futhi professional amatilosi, futhi abalobi. Okokuqala sengathi isibonisi evelele ukuphila kolwandle kunzima, owesibili - ulimi ecacile futhi aqondakale, igugu isimanga kwesakhiwo uhamba. Izindaba ezinjalo ngokuthi "Indoda olwandle! '" Phakathi abangane "," Ukufa Hawk "et al., ababaziwa ngokuba ukunemba umlingisi komuntu, ukuba yiqiniso zachazwa ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi izimo zokuphila. Bayisizwe yangempela abangekho engaphansi kakhulu ngomsuka noma imfundo ephakeme.

okubuyayo ngezindaba Stanyukovicha zafakwa ezincwadini lwemibono leyehlukene zezombusazwe. "Maxim", "Duel American," "abantu True Russian" nezinye ovele kuqondwe Slavophiles, bayahlonishwa ezitholakele kubo siyaziqhenya izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu zokuziphatha amatilosi Russian. Umusa, isibindi kanye ukungakhathali ka wonke umphefumulo wawo kwadingeka imithombo ngokucacile kazwelonke ngabo. "Jack Izinhliziyo", "Esikhathini emazweni akude", ngokusho kwabanye, equkethwe ukuphakama umoya ukuthi zinenzuzo jikelele. Common Wawuyini umbono lwezemfundo nokubaluleka zemfundo Stanyukovicha temibhalo yephrozi.

Legacy kanye inkumbulo

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila komlobi bagcwala umsebenzi onzima, zihlonipha ozakwabo, abafundi uthando, ukugula kanye ukushonelwa abathandekayo. Konstantin Mihaylovich Stanyukovich, ogama biography uye lahlala kuhlobene eRussia kusukela ngowokuqala umoya wafa ngo Naples ngo-1903.

Yena kungabhekwa njengophawu wayeyisazi Russian izincwadi ezingeni UTolstoy, Dostoevsky futhi laseChekhov, kodwa hhayi lwangena ngemikhumbi wind Stanyukovicha temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, izincwadi Russian kwekhulu XIX ngabe ulahlekelwe nobubanzi balo nokwehluka. Futhi esikhathini sethu umlutha abadala kanye nezingane, izindaba kanye zamaqhawe umdwebi omkhulu zasolwandle ukwenza amafilimu, futhi namuhla abakubiza kolwandle ezinqala esikhathini esizayo.