I-Lithuania iyinkokhelo. IziLatin zaseLithuania. I-Lithuania i-litas kuya kwe-euro (isilinganiso)

I-Lithuania - phakathi kwamazwe ngomlando othakazelisayo. Okuthakazelisayo okufanayo yinqubo yokwakheka kwemali kazwelonke yalesi sifundazwe.

Lithuania: ezezimali nemlando

I-Lithuania, njengoba wazi, inomlando onzima kakhulu wokubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, izindawo zaseLithuania zanamuhla zaziyingxenye yombuso onamandla - i-Grand Duchy yaseLithuania, eyabe ihlangene nomunye umbuso omkhulu - i-Commonwealth. Kodwa ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwalesi simo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, insimu yaseLithuania yanamuhla iye yathuthela eRussia. I-ruble yaba yinhlangano esemthethweni yezimali kula mazwe.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, insimu yaseLithuania yayihlala amaJalimane. Uhlelo lwemali yendawo lushintsha - iziphathimandla zomsebenzi zenza imali entsha ngendlela ye-ruble esempumalanga yeJalimane. Ngenxa yenkinga yezombangazwe eqinile kunazo zonke nempi, uMbuso waseRussia wahlakazeka ngo-1917-18. I-Lithuania ibuyisela ukuzimela kwayo.

Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuthuthukiswa okuzimele, lo mbuso waseBaltic uyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-Ruble yesiJalimane esempumalanga. Abalando-mlando babhalela okulandelana kwempahla yokuthengwa kwempahla kwezinye izimali. Ukungaqiniseki emkhakheni wezokusakaza kwezimali kwaphoqelela iziphathimandla zezwe ukuba zenze izinguquko. Futhi, ukwethulwa kwezinguquko ohlelweni lwebhange lunegalelo ekungeneni kwempi. Isinyathelo sokuqala kulolu shicilelo kwakuyisingeniso somaki waseJalimane (ngesiLithuanian "auxinas"). Yayisetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ekubaleni kwezimali. Kodwa ngokushesha emnothweni wezwe osemusha kwafika isikhathi se-hyperinflation (ngendlela, ebhizinisini lempi elikhulu laseJalimane emnothweni akubanga kahle kakhulu, okwakuthonya inkambo ye-brand). Yenza izibalo ngesimo sokuthi imali eyanda kakhulu iba nzima.

Yeka ukuthi ibonakala kanjani futhi yanyamalala

IPhalamende laseLithuania lamukele isinqumo esikhulu. Iziphathimandla zanquma - njengoba kuneLithuania emele, imali kufanele ibe eyayo. Ngo-1922 iCentral Bank of the State yabonakala, futhi ngokushesha nje kuleli zwe lafakwa ngeyunithi yakhe yemali - ilanga. Isimo emnothweni sijwayelekile.

Uphawu lweJalimane lushintshwe ngempumelelo yi-lithium. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-banknotes, ngokuhambisana nenqubomgomo yokukhishwa kweBhange Elikhulu laseLithuania, ayanyathelwanga kuleli zwe ngokwalo, kodwa e-England noma eJalimane. Nokho, e-Lithuania, kwakhishwa izinhlamvu zemali kuphela. Ngo-1939 umbuso waseBaltic waphinde walahlekelwa ukuzimela, wangena e-USSR. Imali yaseLithuania nayo ishintshile: i-ruble nama-kopecks kwadingeka ajwayele ukujwayela emazweni aseBaltic.

Iphinde iphinde isakazwe

Ngemva kwemicimbi eyaziwa kakhulu ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-80 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-90, iLithuania iphinda iba yindawo ephakeme futhi ilahle i-ruble, njengabacwaningi abaningi kanye nososayensi bezombangazwe babecabanga, ngesikhathi sokuqala, njengokungathi bazimisele ukuphishekela inqubomgomo yezomnotho ozimele. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho iLithuania elizimele liphinde lavela esiteji sezombangazwe, imali yezwe alizange isetshenziswe ngokushesha.

Ukubuyela okusebenzayo ku-litka kwakungaphambi "kwamakhuphoni ajwayelekile", ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi "vagnorkas" (aqaliswa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuqondile kukaNdunankulu uGediminas Vagnorius). Kuphela ngo-1993 amaLatas abuyela ekuhanjisweni kombuso waseBaltic. Baqala kancane kancane ukuzimela "u-vagorno" ngesilinganiso se-100 ukuya ku-1. Isikhathi esithi "amakhuphoni avamile" kanye ne-litas zazilingana nezindlela zokukhokha ensimini yeLithuania.

Ama-banknotes kanye nezinhlamvu zemali zeLithuania

IsiLithuania isiLithuania, esingenalo abalingani kwezinye izifundazwe, kodwa ihlanganisa, njenge-dollar, yamasenti angu-100. Manje ngokusakazwa kwemali kunamabhilidi namahlelo ahlukene kakhulu - kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-200 litas. Ezitolo zaseLithuania umuntu angathola ama-banknotes omunye wezinchungechunge ezimbili - lezo ezikhishwe ngaphambi kuka-1997, nalabo abalandela. Kodwa zifana kakhulu. Ngo-2007, kwakukhona izikweletu ezibuyekeziwe, okuvikelwe kakhulu kusuka kumafakes.

Amabhange aseLithuania abonisa izenzakalo ezibalulekile eLithuania emlandweni, osombusazwe abadumile kanye nezibalo zamasiko, izikhumbuzo, izakhiwo zokwakha. I-State Mint , ngaphezu kwe-lithuanian ejwayelekile, iphinda ikhiqize iJuba, amasampula angakhohlwayo wezimali zesizwe. Izinhlamvu zemali ezinjalo zenziwe nge-alloys-aluminium alloys, i-nickel-isiliva, inhlanganisela yethusi, inamatshe ayigugu (igolide, isiliva).

Izihloko zezinhlamvu zemali eziyisikhumbuzo zingase zihluke. Isibonelo, izinhlamvu zemali zanikezelwa kumcimbi ophawulekayo - lapho uJohn Paul II evakashela eLithuania . Futhi, uchungechunge lwemali lwemali lwalukhunjulwa ngokuhlonishwa kweminyaka engu-60 yerekhodi labadokotela abadumile baseLithuania baseGirenas noDarius, abawela i-Atlantic ngomoya.

Isilinganiso sokushintshaniswa kwama-litas

Esikhathini kusukela ngoJuni 25, 1993 kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2002, izinga lokushintshanisa lwemali kazwelonke yaseLithuania laliboshwe ngokuqinile emalini kazwelonke e-United States. I-Lithuanian litas kuya dollar yaqala ukuthengisa ngesilinganiso esingu-4 kuya ku-1. Kusukela ngoFebruwari 2002, noma kunjalo, imali yaseBaltic iye yahlanganiswa nenye yeYurophu eyodwa. Izinga lapho iziLatin zaseLithuania zithengiswa ngayo i-euro zaziyi-3.4528 kuya ku-1. Lesi silinganiso asishintshi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukulungiselela ukufika kweLithuania endaweni yase-euro

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka eyi-2000, iziphathimandla zezezimali zaseLithuania zaqala ukwenza imizamo ekhuthele yokushintsha imali yesizwe ngemali eyodwa yaseYurophu. Ukuze ungene endaweni yesenzo seyodwa yezimali zezwe ezinamandla kunayo yonke - i-euro - ngesikhathi esifanayo akulula. Kudingekile ukuthi uhlangabezane nalokho okubizwa nge-Maastricht criteria, lapho isabelomali sezwe esingahle singadluli imali engaphezulu kwezingu-3% weGDP ngonyaka, kanti isikweletu somphakathi - esingaphezu kuka-60% weGDP yezwe. Ukwehla kwamandla emnothweni akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-1.5% ngokulingana nesilinganiso samanani esilinganisweni sezifunda ezintathu ezakha i-Eurozone, ekhonjwe ukunyuka kwentengo encane.

Izinyathelo eziyimpumelelo ezibhekiswe e-Eurozone zenziwa yiLithuania ekuqaleni kuka-2014, lapho iziphathimandla zezezimali zezwe zakha uhlelo ngokusho ukuthi isu lokujoyina i-Eurozone kufanele lisetshenziswe kanjani emazingeni amaningana.

Kwacatshangwa ukuthi entwasahlobo ka-2014, ochwepheshe bamazwe ase-EU abangamalungu e-Eurozone, bazohlola ukuthuthukiswa kwamalungiselelo aseLithuania ekusungulweni kwemali eyodwa yaseYurophu, bazohlaziya ukulungela komnotho ukufeza indlela ye-Maastricht. Endabeni yokuhlolwa okuhle ngabalingani baseYurophu, igama lokugcina laliyi-Balts, konke kuxhomeke kulokho iLithuania ngokwayo eyothi: i-currency kufanele iqhubeke ibe eyayo, noma ingangena e-Eurozone.

Izimpikiswano ngokumelene ne-Eurozone

Imibono yocwaningo ngamathemba okubanjwa kweLithuania e-Eurozone ayehlukile. Abanye abahlaziyi bezwa ukuthi lesi sinyathelo siphuthumayo, ephikisana ngokuthi umnotho waseYurophu usabhekana nezinkinga ezibucayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasekeli balo mbono bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa ngaphakathi kwe-Eurozone kunganciphisa kakhulu ubukhosi bezomnotho baseLithuania. Isibonelo sabanye bathi manje seyingxenye yendawo ye -euro, kodwa abakwazi ukuphishekela inqubomgomo yabo yemali, baqinisekisa, njengoba abahlaziyi bakholelwa, lokhu kuhlaziywa.

I-Lithuania, njengoba abanye ochwepheshe bekholelwa, kungaba kuhle ukulalela iCzech Republic: lizwe elinesikhathi esidlule saseSoviet, liyingxenye ye-EU, njengeLithuania. Imali yalesi sizwe saseSlavic inayo, futhi inqubomgomo yezimali iyimfihlo - iqhutshwa yi-National Central Bank.

Ochwepheshe abaningi bababuza ikhono lomnotho waseLithuania ukulwa nemigomo ye-Maastricht ye-inflation. Kwakukhona iziphakamiso iziphathimandla zezezimali ezingase zilingeke ukuba zihlaziye phansi izibalo, nakuba amaLithuanians ngokwabo aqinisekisa umphakathi ukuthi ngeke asebenzise izindlela ezinjalo.

Iziphakamiso ze-Eurozone

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakukhona nokuhlola okuhle kwamathemba okufinyelela eLithuania e-Eurozone. Abanye bezomnotho baye baveza umbono wokuthi umbuso uzothola, ngokufanayo, ubukhosi obungaphezulu kwezomnotho kunamanje, uma izinga lama-litas liboshwe i-euro. Ngokombono wabo, ngemuva kokungena e-Eurozone, leli zwe liyoba nethuba lokubamba iqhaza ngokubambisana ekunqumeni izinto ezibalulekile zenqubomgomo yezezimali ye-European Central Bank.

Yini abalingani baseYurophu abakunqume?

NgoJulayi 2014, i-EU Council of Ministers yanquma ukuvumela iLithuania ukuba ingene e-Eurozone ngoJanuwari 1, 2015. Iyini izinga lokushintshaniswa ngesikhathi sokushintshwa kwezwe laseBaltic kuya ku-euro ? I-Lithuania i-litas manje ihambelana ne-euro ngokwesilinganiso sezingxenye ezingu-3.4528 ukuya ku-1. Futhi le nkambo inqunywe ukulungisa. Ngakho-ke, iLithuania iyoba i-republic ye-Soviet yesithathu yase-Soviet yesifunda saseBaltic, elandela i-Estonia neLatvia, engena endaweni yase-euro.