Flying umkhumbi othwala izindiza: incazelo nomlando

Flying umkhumbi othwala izindiza - kuyinto iyunithi emoyeni onekhono ukuba athwale izindiza ezincane eziningana eyenzelwe ukulwa emoyeni.

Umqondo indalo yayo wasuka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala ukwakhiwa nokusebenza zeppelins, ngaphezulu umfundi odumile njengoba blimps.

Ukudala yenethiwekhi emoyeni sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ibhizinisi ethembisa, njengoba kwandisa ukuphumelela kwezindlela isinyathelo ukulwa izindiza. Nokho, nge obhekwe refuellers izindiza, lo mkhuba elahlekile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo, nakuba kwathiwa akususiwe ngokuphelele kusukela akhawunti.

Yini eye yenza kwavela ukushayela izindiza yenethiwekhi

Ukuvela amadivayisi amasha, izindlela njalo ezihlobene nezimfuneko ezithile emphakathini. Njengoba wazi, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala Kwagqashuka, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho izindiza zempi ezivela nhlangothi zombili lasetshenziswa kuqala. Nokho, it has a ukusebenza kahle aphansi kakhulu.

Iqiniso ukuthi izinselele esikhathini ku amabutho ukuthi indiza ibanga elincane kakhulu indiza ngenxa lemali elincane nemafutsa emkhunjini. Lokhu kanzima kukhawulela ukusetshenziswa ukulwa izindiza, njengoba bayakwazi isebenze kuphela zone engaphelele. ngemuva imigqa isitha kwakuyinto ukuzamukela kubo.

Isidingo lwekwenta ncono kusebenta kahle lempi ukulwa izindiza ophoqelelwe ukuba banake zeppelins - blimps nge igobolondo metal. Lezi amayunithi emoyeni kwadingeka usayizi pretty umxhwele kanye nokwenzeka flying olude. Lokhu kwabangela ukucabanga ukuthuthela izindiza zabo besebenzisa elide ezijulile endaweni yesitha lokufeza emoyeni iziteleka akhatshana zamasu. Ngakho kwakukhona ukushayela izindiza yenethiwekhi. Kodwa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izwe ngalinye ngendlela yalo nokubona lo mbono. Ngaleyondlela kuzabe kungasi ngokweembalo njalo kuholele izixazululo ezinhle.

USS indiza. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwami kokuqala

Umnqopho lesekucaleni kudalwa ukushayela izindiza yenethiwekhi kwaba ukusebenzisa lolu njengoba nezindiza, okuyinto kabanzi ezimpini, kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili.

Indiza ayebhekwa okufushane ezifanele kakhulu lokhu okulandelayo: a biplane ukuthi ogibele ibhodi a Zeppelin, futhi wagxekwa ngendlela yempi.

Ngemva kwalokho, indiza wakhishwa ekhethekile crane kanye dweba indiza disengaged. Konke lokhu kwakwenzeka ngesikhathi umnyuziki izindiza isivinini yenethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho labetibambile solo indiza biplane.

Ngemva indiza ukulwa umsebenzi wabuyela Zeppelin uyaqhubeka ukugijima yempi, ngejubane, mina wanamathela kuye hook crane kanye sidonse. Ngaphezu kwalokho sisemoyeni izindiza yenethiwekhi ayebuyele eziphambekweni airfield.

Ekupheleni kuka-1918 indiza-1 US landizela indiza, "uCurtiss JN4", enamathiselwe ngaphansi gondola. Ngemva oqeda biplane wayengumuntu unhooked futhi ngokuzimela baqhubeka indiza.

E-US, bakamuva abakhela ezimbili ezinkulu e umlando zezindiza indiza "Macon" futhi "Akron", eyayintula ubude 239 m futhi sebeyakwazi ethwele kuze kube fighters ezine. Nokho, yokungabi nokuhlangenwe nakho ekuphileni ukwakhiwa lolu hlobo zeppelins kwaba nethonya elibi ku ikusasa yabo: kokubili "aviamatki" iphahlazeka ngenxa nomklamo abampofu.

Ukushintsha nomqondo emoyeni zenethiwekhi

Experience in ukusetshenziswa indiza njengoba ukushayela izindiza yenethiwekhi waveza ukungalandelani lokhu kuthambekela. Ikakhulukazi kwancipha isithakazelo kuye ngemva kwenhlekelele Zeppelin "Hindenburg" enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. indiza egcwele hydrogen ashisiwe ngokushesha, kwashona abantu abangu-kweshumi ezingaphezu kwezintathu futhi zezisebenzi.

Futhi, ethile abalulekile umkhumbi othwala izindiza, i-indiza kwaba sengozini yayo izindiza isitha. Ukubukeka izindiza isitha endaweni lokuthola othwala izindiza, "eyayigcwele" nge-hydrogen, kwakusho ekubhujisweni ngenakugwemeka.

Ngakho-ke, ngo-kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala eBritish wazama ukwakha izindiza esiyinhlanganisela, ie endizeni ethwele fighter. Ngenxa yalokho i-British izindiza yenethiwekhi wayehlose ukusebenzisa isikebhe flying, ukulungisa fighter wakhe phezulu.

Umqondo Yiqiniso, kuhle, kodwa kunzima ukuwenza asebenze. Ngakho-ke, i-ukushayela izindiza yenethiwekhi ngesimo indiza esiyinhlanganisela futhi akadalwanga izindiza Abaklami British. Kodwa nakho okubuhlungu akayekile abakhiqizi angaphandle izindiza Russian.

Umqondo izindiza VS Vahmistrova

UVladimir Sergeevich Vahmistrov - iziqu-Air Force Academy. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu wasebenza ucwaningo zezindiza nokuhlola sikhungo. Phakathi kwezindonga zayo, futhi kwakubonakala sengathi umbono usebenzisa umakhi ngokuthi "aviamatki" iwele-injini webhomu TB-1, adalwe umklami esidumile Tupolev.

UVladimir Sergeyevich ahlinzekwa ukulungisa fighter amaphiko TB-1 sivala amabili akhethekile.

Kulokhu, indiza zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso ukuvikelwa indiza isitha webhomu.

It is futhi ehlela ukuthi emva kuqhuma amabhomu TB-1 izindawo fighters isitha zawo abuyela airfield ngokuzimela ngamunye.

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the umqondo Vahmistrova

Phakathi no-1931 iSoviet High Command yagunyaza uhlelo VS Vahmistrova, bethi sisemoyeni izindiza yenethiwekhi - iyisikhali sina.

Iqembu abaklami abasha ususebenza uye wakwenza ku kudalwa ezinamaphiko izindiza yenethiwekhi, noma njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi, le ndiza-level. Ekupheleni kuka-1931, i-ukushayela izindiza yenethiwekhi Vahmistrova wayekulungele ukuhlola. Yenza impukane lokuqala wayala pilot abanolwazi esikhathini esiningi, okungukuthi u-Adamu Zalewski (umkhuzi webhomu nabasebenza), u-Andrey Sharapov (nomsizi BT-1), Valery Tchkalov futhi Aleksandru Anisimovu (fighter bamabhanoyi, webhomu amaphiko phezu nezinamathiselo).

"Circus Vahmistrova"

Ngakho ngokuthi ukuvivinywa izindiza wokuqala Soviet izindiza yenethiwekhi. Iqiniso lokuthi izindiza ngokuvamile ahambisana nezimo ongaphilile.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi indiza yokuqala, ukwahluleka ukuhlanganisa webhomu izisebenzi kanye fighter umshayeli Chkalov kuye kwasho ukuthi kumelwe Zalewski wavula phambi fighter ukulungisa sivala lapho ivaliwe insika chassis yayo. Kuphela isipiliyoni Chkalov lukusindisile enhlekeleleni.

Kwaba nesimo esifanayo ne-V Kokkinaki fighter: akawuvuli lock umsila kokwehla igiya. Lapha isimo esindiswa induna webhomu Stefanovsky, kokunquma phansi fighters emaphikweni. Zonke olwaphela.

uphefumulela impumelelo

I izindiza test kuqala baye babonisa ukuthi flying abathwali izindiza Soviet ezikufanelekelayo ukuqhubeka.

Esikhundleni webhomu TB-1 TB-3 namandla kakhulu yadalwa, okungase babe umkhumbi othwala izindiza i fighter entsha Polikarpov mina-5. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ithuba ukwandisa isibalo fighters ephathekayo bebathathu - amaphiko amabili kanti omunye usohlangothini fuselage.

Vahmistrova umzamo senziwa ukuze uvikele fighters ngaphansi kwamaphiko TB-3, kodwa yaphela ukufa umshayeli fighter. Imbangela yengozi kanye ngaphinde ngasebenza njengombonisi eMnyangweni izindiza okunamathiselwe ingidi "aviamatke" lingavuleki emoyeni, kodwa angesabi kwabangela uma kokufika.

Ngo-1935, iSoviet ukushayela izindiza yenethiwekhi wawukwazi ethutha fighters angaphezu kwayisihlanu, nomunye wabo (I-Z) ixhunywe ku "aviamatkoy" emoyeni.

Ngo-1938, i-ukushayela izindiza yenethiwekhi, wamukelwa iRed Army.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke iziphathi emoyeni

Kuyaziwa flying abathwali izindiza amahlanu, lokhu kuye kwashiya nokuncane emlandweni zezindiza - TB-1 Soviet, Tupolev Tu-95N, izindiza American Convair B-36 Peacemaker, Boeing iB-29 Superfortress futhi indiza "Akron".

TB-1 Soviet okokuqala serial-metal monoplane webhomu emhlabeni, lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela wendiza encane yenethiwekhi. Ukubhapathizwa umlilo izindiza yenethiwekhi wathola Julayi 26, 1941, lapho ngosizo fighter-ekuhlaseleni, ekugcineni "got" isitoreji uwoyela German e Constanta.

I "ukushayela izindiza yenethiwekhi" Homeland Vahmistrova akayikhohliwe. Ngo-1955, iSoviet Union umsebenzi kudalwa ukushaqeka uhlelo lwamasu, kuhlanganise PC kanye leSupersonic webhomu izindiza yenethiwekhi Tu-95N.

Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi PC uzobe kancane elise hold wezimpahla ka umkhumbi othwala izindiza. Uhlelo obekumele ukuqinisekisa kokunqotshwa izinhloso ngaphandle kokufaka isenzo isitha air zone ukuzivikela bese ubuyela sezindiza.

American Convair B-36 Peacemaker eyayihilelekile ukudala isembozo uhlelo zamabhomu, ehlinzekela ukuthuthwa uhlobo ukukhanya afika kwamane Mcdonnell XF-85 Goblin bomlilo.

Nokho, ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi docking fighter B-36 ukwakhiwa kwaleso sikhungo kwamiswa ngo-1949. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-US Air Force kubhekwe zamanga-target simulators ekhiqizwa webhomu uma kwenzeka isitha sihlasela izindiza, kuphumelela ngaphezu ikhava ukulwa fighter.

Boeing B-29, oneminyaka engu-40 besebenza, inqobo ukuzalela fighters ezimbili. Nokho, twist enamandla imikhawulo amaphiko enhlekeleleni, iphrojekthi B-29 yavalwa, futhi umqondo yaziwa njengenye yingozi.

indiza American USS Akron 30s wayevela kwelinye Zeppelin izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke. Wakwazi ukuthutha abafinyelela kwabahlanu izindiza ukukhanya ogama umsebenzi kwaba kwesimo endaweni.

Flying izindiza abathwali esizayo

flying abathwali American nawaseSoviet izindiza, ukubuyekeza alokhu letinikwe lapha ngenhla, ngenhlanhla, ongakabi ayisibonelo ngokusebenzisa kwawo ukulwa, ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa ukubhubhisa izindawo isitoreji amafutha Constanta ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.

Nokho, umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukushayela izindiza yenethiwekhi namanje obusa izingqondo abaklami.

Ngokwesibonelo, yesikhathi eside uhlela Defense Ucwaningo Imisebenzi USA (DARPA) usethule uhlelo of "Gremlins" on ukuthuthukisa izimoto unmanned zasemoyeni, mbaxa ngiwunqume umkhumbi othwala izindiza, futhi abuye abuyele kulo nohlangothi lwakhe.