Isiqiniseko si ... Izinhlobo zama-sureties. Isivumelwano sokwethenjelwa

Inani elikhulu lokuthengiswa kwempahla kudinga isiqinisekiso sokusebenza kwezibopho. Lokhu kungaba yisibambiso, isibambiso, isijeziso kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuphepha ezihlinzekwe ngumthetho. Lezi zindlela zihlukile ngokwezinga lomthelela, izindlela zokufeza umgomo.

Incazelo

I-surety ingenye yezindlela zokuqinisekisa izibophezelo zomboleki nge-guarantor. Isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa amathuba okunganeliseki ngezinzuzo zomkweleti. Isiqinisekiso nesibambiso senziwa esivumelwaneni lapho umuntu wesithathu ethatha umthwalo wemfanelo wokuphendula kumbolekisi ngokusebenza kwezibopho zomboleki (Isigaba 361 se-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation). Lesi silinganiso sisetshenziselwa ukuphulwa ngumboleki ngemigomo yokuthengiselana. Ububanzi besikweletu bulawulwa idokhumenti efanayo. Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwezichibiyelo kwi-Civil Code, izinkontileka zaphetha lapho lesi siqinisekiso sabekwa khona ngezibopho ezizayo. Lo mbuzo wabangela ukungqubuzana okuningi. Manje inketho enjalo ingenzeka kuphela uma inkontileka icacisa ngokucacile inani lapho i-guarantor izoba khona khona.

Izimfuneko zeBhange zamagundane

Izidingo eziyisisekelo zilula:

• Ubudala: okungenani iminyaka engama-21-23, isikhathi sokuqedwa kwesivumelwano lowo muntu akufanele afinyelele eminyakeni engu-55-60;
• Ukubhaliswa okuhlala njalo esifundeni sokubhaliswa kwezikweletu;
• Imali etholakalayo yezinyanga ezingu-6 ezedlule;
• Isixazululo (sibalwa ngesisekelo sokukhokhwa okudingekayo, kucatshangwa ubukhulu bomnikelo wanyanga zonke ebhange) - akufanele kudlule 30% wemali engenayo ye-guarantor.

Ngokuvamile inendima yabanakekeli izihlobo nabangane. Kodwa amanye amabhange, ngenxa yokwesaba ukukhwabanisa, akhiphe lokho kungenzeka emigomo yemalimboleko. Uma kungumbuzo wokunikeza iziqinisekiso zezinkampani zomthetho, amanye amabhizinisi angenza njengabaqaphi. Kodwa izinhlangano zomphakathi nezikhungo zombuso azikwazi ukubiza le ndima.

Isivumelwano sokwethenjelwa

Izidingo ezichazwe kwi-Code Civil azivumeli isiphetho sesivumelwano phakathi kombolekisi kanye nesondlo. Amaqembu angumkweletu kanye ne-guarantor. Inkontileka ingumunye owodwa, u-consensual. Yakha ukuzibophezela okungeziwe kokufinyelela. I-guarantor ingaba necala kuphela uma umbolekisi ehluleka ukufeza imigomo yokuthengiselana. Isibopho sokufinyelela sinqunyelwe ukufaneleka kwekhanda, ngisho noma idokhumenti lingenalo usuku oluqondile. Ukuvunyelwa kwakhe akunakulinganisa inkontileka yesiqinisekiso (Isigaba 384 se-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation).

Okuqukethwe kwesivumelwano:

• Igama lomkweletu;
• Igama le-guarantor;
• Inani lemfanelo;
• Igama lomboleki.

Izithibelo

Nakuba i-Civil Code engacacisi inani labantu abangenza njengesiqiniseko, umkhuba wokugwetshwa kwenkantolo uye wabonisa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi inkontileka ingabonakala ingavumelekile. Lokhu kuvunyelwe uma abaphathi be:

• Amabhizinisi kahulumeni abasebenzisa izimali ngenjongo echazwe ngumqulu;
• Iminyango, izinsizakalo, iziphathimandla zikamasipala.

Inkontileka yesiqinisekiso isenziwa ngendlela elula ebhaliwe futhi kumele isayinwe ngumbolekayo, umbolekisi kanye no-guarantor.

Umthwalo wezinhlangothi

Umsebenzi we-guarantor, ekuboneni kuqala, ulula. Kumele abe nesibopho sokubuyiselwa imali uma umkhokheli ehluleka ukufeza izibopho zakhe. Ilungelo lebhange lokufuna imali ku-guarantor lichazwe ku-art. 363 we-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation.

Ukuzibophezela komsebenzi kusho ukuthi u-guarantor kanye nomboleki banecala ngokulinganayo nezibopho zabo. Okokuthi, isimangalo asikwazi ukwaneliswa yinye yezinhlangothi. Umthwalo wemfanelo okhokhelwayo usho ukuthi izimangalo ezigcinwe ku-guarantor zenziwa kuphela lapho kungekho khona imali evela kumboleki. Lolu khetho luyamukeleka kakhulu kulabagadi. Umbolekisi uzokuqala ukuchitha isikhathi ezama ukufakazela ukungeniswa komboleki. Futhi uma eqala ukufihla, kuyobe sekungeke kwenzeke. Ngakho, ibhange alikwazi ukwenza noma yiziphi izimangalo ku-guarantor. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlelo lusetshenziswe ngokweqile kakhulu.

Idokhumenti ngokucacile kufanele ibonise ukuthi yikuphi ukulahlekelwa okukhokhelwa yi-guarantor:

• Isikweletu esikhulu;
• Inentshisekelo yokusetshenziswa kwezimali;
• Ukulahlekelwa;
• Izindleko zomthetho.

Uma isiqinisekiso, isampula yesivumelwano esingathathwa esisebenzini sasebhange ngenkathi yokwenza isinqumo, siphethwe yisikhungo sesikweletu, cishe cishe sizosho ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kanye nezinhlawulo ezifunyenwe kufanele zibuyiselwe ngenani le-guarantor. Kwezinye izimo, uhlelo lokuthola isinxephezelo esinqunyiwe somonakalo luvame ukusetshenziselwa, okungukuthi, ukukhokha isikweletu esiyinhloko kuphela.

Enye iphuzu lokunaka: ngokuphulwa kwemigomo yokukhokha isikweletu, umlando wesikweletu "ongalungile" ukhiwa kuklayenti. Kodwa uma kubheyili, i-guarantor ingena ohlwini olumnyama kanye nomboleki. Inkontileka ingena enkontileka, ngokusho ukuthi idatha yayo idluliselwa ku-bureau yomlando wesikweletu. Ngakho-ke, uma lowo obolekwa ephula imigomo yokuthengiselana, uyoyiphatha idumela hhayi yena kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-garantor yakhe. Kodwa akusikho konke. I-guarantor ngeke ikwazi ukukhipha ngisho ne-loan encane ebhange, kuyilapho isebenza njenge-guarantor.

Ukuziphendulela

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzibophezela kwendlela eyodwa. Ngokusho kuka-Art. I-364 ye-Civil Code yaseRussian Federation, i-guarantor ingase inqabe izicelo, kodwa akanalo ilungelo lokuzilahla ngokuzimela. Izimangalo kumalimboli zingenziwa uma isikhathi sokusebenzisa izimali siphulwa, imali yomboleki ayitholakali ngumboleki. Qaphela ukuthengiswa njengokungavumelekile kuphela ezinkantolo.

Ngemuva kokuthi umnakekeli usabele kuzo zonke izibopho zomboleki, uthola imibhalo ngesisekelo lapho angabonisa khona isimangalo. Uma i-guarantor igcwalise isibopho esanelisekile ngumbolekayo, angakwazi ukuthola imali evela ebhange (Isigaba 366 se-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation).

Ukuxoshwa komthwalo wemfanelo

Isiqinisekiso somuntu siyayeka uma:

• Isibopho sigcwaliseka;
• Inkontileka yachitshiyelwa ukwandisa umthwalo we-guarantor, ongavunyelwanga naye;
• Isikweletu sathunyelwa kumuntu wesithathu, lapho i-guarantor engafuni ukuphendula;
• Umbolekisi wenqaba ukwenza izicelo;
• Umboleki ufile;
• Igama lesiqinisekiso liphelile. Esikhathini sesivumelwano sokwethembeka kwayo angeke sichazwe. Khona-ke izibopho ziqeda izinyanga ezingu-12 ngemuva kokuqala kokubulawa kwazo, uma phakathi nalesi sikhathi ibhange alizange liphikisele umnqamulajuqu. Kungase kube nesinye isimo. Asikho ithuba lokubeka isikhathi sokugcina sokugcwaliseka kwesibopho esiyinhloko, futhi izinsuku azichaziwe kwinkontileka. Khona-ke isibambiso sizomiswa ngemuva kweminyaka emibili kusukela ngosuku lokusayina inkontileka, uma kungekho senzo esilethwe ngalesi sikhathi;
• Isivumelwano sokubolekwa kwemali sabizwa singavumelekile. Ngokusho kuka-Art. I-329 ye-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation, isiqinisekiso sinomthwalo wesibopho sokufinyelela, okungukuthi, asikwazi ukuhlala ngokwahlukana nalokho okuyinhloko. Uma inkantolo ibona ukuthi lowo obolekayo akweleta lutho ebhange, akunakwenzeka ukwenza noma yiziphi izimangalo ku-guarantor.

Kufanele futhi sixoxisane ngendaba yefa ngokwehlukana. Ngokusho kweNkantolo Ephakeme YaseRussian Federation, indlalifa kufanele iphendule izibophezelo zomgunyathi oshonile enhlanganweni yezikweletu kuphela ngaphakathi kwenani lempahla etholakele. Zonke ezinye izikweletu aziphoqeleki. Uma indlalifa ngokuvamile enqaba ukungena emalungelweni akhe, khona-ke izikweletu zomuntu oshonile azisebenzi kuye.

Izinhlobo

Isiqiniseko somuntu siqu emalimboleko kuyinto ebhange kanye nempahla. Umehluko wabo oyinhloko usho ukuthi esimweni sesibili inkontileka ichaza indaba ethile yesibambiso. Futhi, ibhange linganikeza izimali ezibolekiwe futhi ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa kwangaphambili kwe-solvency yekhasimende. Kodwa lolu khetho luvame ukusetshenziselwa lapho kukhishwa isikweletu semali esenzelwe umnyango wezomthetho. Kodwa uma kukhishwa imali, noma sikhuluma ngokuthenga imoto, lowo obolekayo uzohlola ngokucophelela isimo sezimali sabalimi. Lezi zinsuku zingaba eziningana. Ngokuvamile, izihlobo noma abangane abasondelene nombolekayo benza ngalesi sikhundla.

Isiqinisekiso, ukuphepha noma isiqinisekiso kungadingeka ukuze uthole imali encane yokubolekisa uma:

• Iklayenti ayinayo imali eyanele yokumboza inani lesikweletu;
• Obolekayo wayenenkinga ngokukhokhelwa kwezimali esikhathini esidlule;
• Iklayenti isivele sinesibopho sesikweletu.

Isiqinisekiso sithi "umshuwalense" webhange kusuka kumboleki ombi. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kuphela ongakwazi ukuthola le ndawo, okungenayo izinga lokuthola imali elaneleyo ukumboza isikweletu esikhulu kanye nesithakazelo semali mboleko.

Amalungelo we-guarantor

1. Ukuphakamisa izikhalazo ezimangalisweni zebhange uma kuphula imigomo yesivumelwano, ngokwesibonelo, wenze izinguquko ngaphandle kokuvumelana ne-guarantor.
2. Ukuthatha ilungelo lokufuna isinxephezelo kumboleki oyinhloko, uma isikweletu sibuyiselwa ngu-guarantor. Lo msebenzi uhlelwe yinkantolo yesabelo. Ibhange kufanele linikeze imibhalo eqinisekisa ukuthi isikweletu sabuyiselwa ngu-guarantor.
3. Ukufuna ukubuyiselwa kwemali kumalimboli omkhulu, kucatshangelwa inzalo, izinhlawulo, izindleko zenkantolo, kanye nesinxephezelo sokulimala kokuziphatha (Isigaba 365 se-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation).

Isiphetho

Ukuqinisekiswa kuyindlela yokuthola izibophezelo lapho umuntu wesithathu enza khona ukubuyisela ingxenye noma zonke izikweletu kumbolekisi uma lowo obolekayo engakwazi ukukwenza yedwa. Ngokuvamile, isidingo salesi sevisi sivela lapho senza isikhwama semali noma isikweletu semoto. Umuntu owenza njengesiqiniseko sokuthengiselana kumele abe nesibindi kakhulu ngesimo sakhe sezezimali. Ukwenqaba ngokufanayo ukugcwalisa izibopho ngeke kusebenze.