Izinqubo Geographical - Iyini? izinqubo Geographical kanye izenzakalo

Umhlaba akabonaze abavumele ukuba miss izakhamuzi zayo. Ezinye izinqubo ezindawo ngezindawo asho into thina kusimangaze futhi mangaza abanye - elisabisayo ukwenza ucabanga ungelutho ngobuthakathaka bobuntu ngaphambi amabutho namandla emvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo konke okwenzekayo kule planethi yethu, thina eduze esihlobene futhi bancike komunye nomunye.

Yiziphi izinqubo kwendawo? Kuyini lokhu? Futhi ukwenza ihluke kanjani zemvelo?

Phenomena nezinqubo ngokuma kwezwe

Okokuqala-ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili abanakwethenjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi zibonisa ngokucacile ngisho osolwazi ovelele zokuma kwendawo. izinqubo Geographical kanye izenzakalo zivame kudidaniswe nomunye, ukushaya omunye komunye. Ngokwesibonelo, kumiswa emihumeni (grand izimbotshana nangaphansi komhlaba) Karst inqubo ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi - mkhuba Karst.

Ake sizame ukuhlukanisa phakathi le miqondo emibili. Futhi lokhu kuyasiza ukuze ubheke lesayensi, ifilosofi.

Le ndlela yokwenza isayensi ngaphansi inqubo (kusukela Latin inqubo - «hambisa", "ukugeleza") ukulandelana kwemibuso lokuguqulwa ukuthuthukiswa okuthile. Kodwa lo mkhuba - kungcono konke umuntu uyakwazi ukubona sensually (okungukuthi, ukubona, ukuzizwa, ukuzwa). Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu ngeke akwazi ukungakhathazeki ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni wakhe. Kodwa ukwanda kokutheleleka kudlange kakhulu lokushisa (kuleli cala, ungabiza lomkhuba) uzokutshela ukuthi kukhona okungalungile. Kodwa emuva geography ...

izinqubo Geographical kuhluke Dynamics yesikhashana. Ngamanye amazwi, ziyashiyana isikhathi. Futhi, zemvelo - kuba uhlobo inkomba izinguquko ezibanga izinqubo ezahlukene womhlaba. Lokhu, isibonelo, kungaba ukuqhuma okukhulu intaba-mlilo. Kulokhu, lesi simanga is phetho izenzo izinqubo asebenzayo zomhlaba e uqweqwe eMhlabeni.

inqubo Geographical - kungcono ...

UMhlaba wethu kuyinto enezici ngokumangalisayo futhi ezihlukahlukene. amagobolondo wayo (indulungu) njalo ezenzeka ezihlukahlukene izinqubo womhlaba. Lokhu, isibonelo, mlilo futhi entabeni isakhiwo, denudation futhi inqwaba, cryogenesis futhi solifluction. Nokusakazwa emoyeni uquqaba kanye ukunyakaza kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, futhi, lokhu kuhlanganisa.

Ngakho, izinqubo womhlaba - Iyini? Futhi iyini isisekelo yabo? Ake sizame ukuba siphendule le mibuzo.

izinqubo Geographical - zonke izinqubo ezenzeka imvilophu ezindawo Zomhlaba. Le miphumela sekupheleni ushintsho inani into noma amandla ifomu namathafa. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi ukushuba kilelihlelo ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, it is yanda, khona-ke ehlile.

izinqubo Geographical kuholele ketshezi asebenzayo nokunyakaza amandla ngaphakathi igobolondo kwendawo. Lokhu, ku sekusilethela ukuguqulwa yayo qualitative.

izinqubo Geographical: izithombe nezibonelo

Ayikho inqubo ku Animate eziphilayo nezingaphili imvelo kungenzeki kanjalo nje. Ngamunye wabo imbangela yakho, isisekelo sakho. Ngakho ukuthi izinqubo zemvelo bedle okuthiwa yangaphakathi (endogenous) nangaphandle (exogenous) amabutho Zomhlaba. Is they banesibopho mlilo, ukuzamazama komhlaba kanye nokunye.

Okulandelayo ingashiwo njengoba izibonelo izinqubo physicogeographical:

• Izintaba-mlilo;
• kumiswa Relief (ikakhulukazi isakhiwo entabeni);
• kumiswa kwenhlabathi;
• ukuzungeza asemkhathini;
• denudation futhi inqwaba;
• olwalwenza;
• cryogenesis;
• solifluction;
• ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi futhi t. d.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lena akuyona konke okwenzekayo emhlabeni futhi ekujuleni yayo izinqubo womhlaba. Izithombe, izithombe kanye incazelo eningiliziwe ezinye zazo okufakiwe ngezansi. Bazokusiza ukuze uqonde kangcono isimo kanye nezici yalezi zinhlelo eliyingqayizivele ukuthi zakha imvilophi ezindawo planethi.

amabutho Endogenous futhi exogenous Zomhlaba

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ezibanga cishe zonke izinqubo ezenzeka imvilophu womhlaba, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• endogenous (yangaphakathi);
• futhi exogenous (angaphandle).

Amabutho endogenous Zomhlaba axhunyiwe ne energy okwenzeka ekujuleni ezibilinini planethi. Bangabaholi yelikhono izinqubo ezifana magmatism futhi metamorphism, avuse ukunyakaza izingqimba lithospheric.

izinqubo Exogenous zenzeka ngqo ebusweni noma kwalapho kuhlangana khona lithosphere kanye nomkhathi. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuguguleka komhlabathi, amanzi ashaya leli dwala, nemihuzuko, nokunye. D.

Uma ibutho lokuqala ngqa (endogenous) ukwakha impumuzo emhlabeni jikelele, lona wamuva (exogenous) - ehilelekile nomklamo walo, ukudala ifomu eyingqayizivele komhlaba.

Denudation kanye ekuqongeleleni

ukuguqulwa impumuzo eliwumhlaba kungokwemvelo (ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi Geological) izinqubo ngenxa ezimbili - denudation futhi inqwaba. Futhi kungani leso senzo sabo iqondiswa okuphambene. Noma kunjalo, kukhona eduze esihlobene futhi yakha linye.

Denudation e komhlaba okuthiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ukwa izinqubo kanye ukudluliswa amatshe. Zisekelwe amandla adonsela phansi, futhi umsebenzi umoya, ogeleza amanzi ice. Ngaphansi ekuqongeleleni yikambiso nolokubhujiswa ekuqongeleleni impahla.

Injongo eyinhloko yawo denudation - "usike 'amafomu omuhle nempumuzo. Kodwa injongo eyinhloko ekuqongeleleni amaqiniso abonisa okuphambene futhi ukwandisa amafomu ukuncipha komhlaba. Kodwa umphumela yalezi zinhlelo ezimbili kuyinto evamile ukuqondanisa kobuso iplanethi, ukubhujiswa izinhlelo izimayini kanye kumiswa emathafeni ebanzi.

Izinqubo ngenhla echazwe izithombe ezindawo kanje. Esikhathini isithombe sokuqala - isibonelo denudation ka komhlaba.

Esikhathini isithombe sesibili - elikhanyayo Isibonelo ekuqongeleleni material okuxekethile (kulesi simo sibonisa umphumela egeleza amanzi).

Izintaba-mlilo futhi entabeni isakhiwo

Uma ngaphezu ekuqongeleleni kanye denudation emhlabeni ayisaxhunyanisiwe balwe kunoma yiziphi izinqubo, iplanethi yethu maduze liphenduke ethafeni elikhulu eliyisicaba. Kodwa sibona ukuthi isimo sezwe eMhlabeni ahlukahlukene kokuvamile. Kungani?

Impendulo ilula: izinqubo endogenous zamabutho Umhlaba elakhiwe ngenxa okuyinto on-site angabekwa (Ukubhujiswa) lentaba izinhlelo kukhona amasha - isakhiwo abasebasha. Lezi zinqubo abizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo entabeni. Futhi kwenzeka phakathi nawo wonke umlando okwakheka kweplanethi i-Earth (ngokososayensi, uneminyaka engu engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 4.5 ubudala).

Izazi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba isehlane "biography" planethi izikhathi ezinhlanu ukusonga. Siphila enkathini yenkolelo yokuthi Alpine ukusonga, okuyinto "wakhala" izwe entabeni izakhiwo ezifana Alps, zaseHimalaya, Andes ne eCaucasus.

Kumiswa surface eMhlabeni kunzima kakhulu ukucabanga ngaphandle mlilo. Lena enye inqubo ukuthi uhileleke ngokuqondile e ukuthuthukiswa sezwe kwamaplanethi. Ngaphansi mlilo ukuqonda isiqalo nesigcino izinqubo okubangelwa ukuhamba magma e ungqimba lomhlaba, futhi ukuyikhulula ebusweni. Ngenxa yalokho - emzimbeni kuyiplanethi yethu kukhona zomhlaba waphuka, izintabamlilo iziphethu.

Geographical mkhuba: izinhlobo nezibonelo

Njengoba ubizwa inkambo esikoleni geography ezaziwayo, kukhona ezine Umkhathi. Lona lithosphere, umkhathi hydrosphere futhi linganisa. Ngenxa yalokho, bonke zemvelo ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka endaweni yakubo amaqembu amane:

1. Geological (isib, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, idwala ukuwa, izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze).
2. Meteorological (iziphepho, izivunguvungu, uthingo futhi t. D.).
3. Kwamanzi (izikhukhula, ama-tsunami, izikhukhula nokunye. D.).
4. Eziphilayo (ubhubhane imililo epiphytotics njll).

iyiphi Isenzakalo esingokwemvelo Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukhuluma umphumela walo oqondile waba inqubo. Ngokwesibonelo, umlilo St Elmo - into ukuthi kwenzeka ngenxa izinqubo athile emkhathini.

7 zemvelo okungajwayelekile

Ekugcineni, sicabanga amazing kakhulu, ongaqondakali futhi ezithakazelisayo zemvelo eziyisikhombisa:

• Mirage - into yemvelo, okuyinto wezwa, cishe wonke umuntu. Lena kuwutalagu, okuyinto umthombo esishisa bhé emoyeni.
• Thunderball - ngokukhazimulayo elikhazimulayo emoyeni futhi hambisa imfundo esolwa imvelaphi kagesi. Lona omunye imihlola, ubunjalo okuyinto usalokhu uyimfihlakalo ososayensi.
• umlilo St Elmo - a sphere ngokukhazimulayo elikhazimulayo ephakamayo mayelana imikhawulo abukhali izinto ezibekwe kakhulu (isihlahla eziqongweni, masts lwemikhumbi, amaphiko kundiza, njll ...). Kuphakama at high Amasimu kagesi emkhathini.
• I Esilima Venus - ocebile ibhande onsomi phakathi esibhakabhakeni kanye umkhathizwe, okuyinto kungabonwa ezindaweni okusezingeni eliphezulu okuqukethwe uthuli emoyeni.
• ifu we-lenticular wangakwesokunxele - namafu namanje emangalisayo enhle ngesimo lens, okuyinto akhiwa phezu crests of notshwala emoyeni.
• Bifurcation - into kwamanzi eliyingqayizivele futhi kunalokho ezingavamile. Lokhu ukwehlukana isiteshi inhlukano izenze ukusakazwa ezimbili ezihlukene ukuthi iyangena izigodi ezizimele kanye anixhunyiwe manje.
• izingongolo Khanyisa - band esiyingqayizivele yokukhanya (omhlophe noma eminye imibala), okwenzeka avame esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Lesi senzakalo wachaza enhle kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona zinhlayiya ezincane ice ukuthi eziqukethwe emkhathini.

Ekuphetheni ...

Ngakho, izinqubo womhlaba - labo izinqubo ezenzeka Earth kuholele ushintsho yayo emvilophini womhlaba. Lezi zihlanganisa mlilo, denudation, ukunqwabelana, ukuzungeza asemkhathini, izinqubo kumiswa kwenhlabathi kanye isakhiwo entabeni, kanye nabanye.