Biography emfushane Maclay NN

Maclay - ngubani? Naphezu ukuthandwa lo muntu, umbuzo usaphakama efanele, futhi kungatholakala eziningi izinkundla abasebenzisi abafuna ulwazi ngaye. Mangisho, biography Maclay ekutshela hhayi kuphela indaba yendoda ukuphila fresh, futhi kunqanda futhi akavumeli hamba kuze Stitch zokugcina. Shono isihambi abadumile wayevamile ukuvakashela omkhaya zombusi, ositshela indaba ethakazelisayo Papuans.

Biography Maclay izingane kanye nabantu abadala

UNikolai Maclay wazalelwa emzaneni yezilimi, okwakusendlini sifundazwe Novgorod. Usuku lokuzalwa - Juni 17, 1846. Okulandelayo kufika isihambi kusuka umndeni esihle. uyise UNikolai sika ukuthi ungunjiniyela ujantshi, ngakho umndeni ngokuvamile kwakudingeka sithuthe bengonozulane. Biography Maclay kusukela izinkulumo zakuqala ubudala mayelana zakhe ngokusebenzisa Russia izifunda. Ngo-1856 uyise waqokwa inhloko yalawa Ekuphakanyisweni we Vyborg onguthelawayeka futhi naphezu sofuba, babhukula bawenza umsebenzi. Layisha ekugcineni wadiliza impilo yomkhaya, futhi wafa eneminyaka engu-41.

Umndeni wahlala imali abangu etshaliwe emalini, ngakho izingane lokhu akusho ukuthi asinalo imfundo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umama Nicholas wahlanganyela ukudweba amabalazwe ukuthi alethe imali eyengeziwe. Biography Maclay uthi imfundo yakhe wahlanganyela othisha ababemenywe endlini. Omunye wabo waze ngisho wavula ithalente womfana zokuphetha.

Biography Maclay: sokuzivocavoca

Ngo-1856, uNikolai nomfowabo Sergei waya esikoleni, eBangeni 3. Nokho, maduzane nje, uKristu bamncenga sakhe sokuhumusha wabayisa sokuzivocavoca breech. Excellent ukufunda umfana wayengazi kukhanye, futhi ngokuvamile akusho ukudlala truant. Ngisho ebangeni lesi-5, washintshelwa isimangaliso. Eminyakeni engu-15, wathatha iqhaza ukuboniswa ndawonye nabangani nomfowabo, ngokuba wayengumuntu in esiphethweni. Abafowethu badedelwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, omema nephutha ngesikhathi ngiboshiwe.

inyuvesi

Lapho efunda esikoleni esiphakeme Maclay lisekhona 1863, okwathi ngemva kwalokho sanquma ukungenela Academy of Fine Arts, lapho engeyinhle ukuphendula unina UNicholas. Ngenxa yalokho, wayengumuntu wokuzithandela eMoscow University of Physics and Mathematics Faculty. Nicholas ngenkuthalo, wanakisisa ngesayensi yemvelo.

Ngemva konyaka Maclay waxoshwa inyuvesi. Isizathu kwaba ukuhlukumeza wemithetho - UNicholas owazama ukubamba isakhiwo womngane wakhe. Njengoba kushiwo emva isihambi yena okwakwenqatshelwe lokuyofunda eyunivesithi Russian.

Germany

Ngemva ukoniwa Nicholas kwadingeka ukuba bathole indawo entsha cwaningo phesheya. Kukhethwa wawela phezu eJalimane, lapho izikhungo azidingeki imibhalo kwezemfundo. Umndeni kwadingeka nesimo esinzima zezimali, kodwa umama esebeke zonke izikhwepha zakhe, futhi entwasahlobo ka-1864, i-Maclay abasha baya eJalimane.

I-University of Heidelberg eyayihilelekile kwaba nesiteleka intsha jabulile nabasePoland. Nicholas wema ngasohlangothini lwabo, ngisho wazama ukufunda lesiPolish, okuyinto kuqhathaniswa unina, owabona endodaneni engineer abanamakhono. Ehlobo lika ngonyaka ozayo Maclay kuhanjiswe ku Leipzig, lapho eqala ukufunda ukulawula kwezolimo namahlathi. Lapha wayechitha 4 iminyaka olandelayo wokuphila zami ngathuthela Jena, bajoyine faculty of imithi.

eCanary Islands

Entwasahlobo ka-1866 Maclay waqhubeka uhambo ukuze Sicily, okuyinto wacelwa ukuba Haeckel - umqondisi zesayensi. Yasungulelwa ukufunda nezilwane iMedithera. Nokho, lo mkhankaso yacishe yaphazanyiswa impi. Abavakashi kwadingeka bashintshe umzila wabo, okuyinto owawugobhoza England manje. By endleleni, kukhona Nicholas wakwazi ukuxhumana nge-Darwin ngokwakhe. Iphuzu sekupheleni kwaba esiqhingini Tenerife. Abantu bakule ndawo babemenywe bamangale, luwathathe ngoba nabathakathi. Ngemva kwalokhu uhambo safinyelela Morocco lapho Maclay wahlala ukubukela Berbers.

Wabuyela Jena kuphela kwentwasahlobo 1867. Uyaqhubeka ukwenza imisebenzi umsizi Haeckel bese abadedela umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala yesayensi, ngaphansi okuyinto ngemvume ngokuthi "Maclay". Izithombe a Traveller abasha siqala amaphepha ezinkulu. Ngonyaka ozayo, ngoba laliyisikhungo yokugcina Faculty of Medicine. Nicholas iqala ngenkuthalo afeze ucwaningo lwesayensi.

Expeditions

Maclay Uzame ukuya bomkhankaso polar, kodwa akazange athole kuwo. Ngakho-ke, abasanda kufika eSicily, lapho efika eLwandle Olubomvu futhi wafundelwa nezilwane zalo. Khona-ke kwaba khona uhambo oluya eGibhithe futhi omningi ucwaningo. Ngo-1869, isihambi ebuyela ekhaya lakhe e-Russia.

Into yokuqala ayenza kwaba ukubona umndeni wakhe, owayehlala ke ekhatsi Saratov. Khona-ke waba nengxenye izingqungquthela eziningi zesayensi kanye kwahlanganiswa Russian Geographic Society. Ngenza ucwaningo yephrojekthi Pacific, okwakubekelwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuvunyelwa.

Ekwindla ka-1870 waqala uhambo ngomkhumbi "Vityaz". Waya Brazil namanye izindawo. Ekwindla ka-1871 wenza ukuba ogwini New Guinea, lapho izivakashi kuyakhexisa ethuke bendawo. Wahlala endaweni indlu encane futhi saqala ukuba baxhumane abomdabu. Okokuqala, zingabantu wangabaza le udokotela, kodwa ngo-1872 baqala ukulamukela wambheka njengomngane wakhe. Izimpawu zokubekisa zase Maclay ogama lakhe behlonipha yakhe.

Ekupheleni kuka-December, uNicholas ushiye New Guinea ugu ngiya eHong Kong, lapho alinda khona ngenxa yenkazimulo umcwaningi. Esikhathini esithile wahambela eBatavia, futhi ekuqaleni kuka-1874 wanquma kabusha vakashela Guinea. Lesi sikhathi wayeka e Ambon, walwa no-ababehweba ngezigqila wendawo.

Ngo okwesithathu nezokugcina isihambi bayobuyela esiqhingini "yakhe" ngo-1883. Ngesikhathi abangane bakhe abaningi, kunezilwane abomdabu eziye zafa, imbangela yokufa kwabo babe izifo ezahlukene.

Umshado nokufa

Ekupheleni Februwari 1884 Maclay ngishade Margaret Clark, futhi ekwindla bathola indodana. Ngo-1886, isihambi Waphindela eRussia, lapho wayehlela ukuhlela ikoloni ogwini Guinea. Nokho, Nikolai Nikolaevich izinhloso baqothulwa isifo - umdlavuza, njengoba kuvela kamuva. Impilo yakhe yawohloka kakhulu ngo-1887, futhi ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli 1888 umhloli wamazwe odumile wafa.