Usosayensi u-Abela Niels Henrik: Biography

Niels Henrik Abela - omunye zezibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke esintwini. Wazalwa edolobheni Norwegian Finney e umfundisi umndeni. kwafika unina ngesikhathi umndeni yomthengisi. Lapho eneminyaka engu Niels owodwa ubudala, umkhaya wathuthela edolobheni Gerrestad.

Ebuntwaneni Abela

Ebuntwaneni we wezibalo esizayo wajabula neze: impilo yakhe yayingeyinhle, futhi abazali njalo odakiwe futhi efunga. Ngo 1815, Niels Henrik Abela wangena Cathedral Oslo School. Umndeni wezibalo esizayo yayiyizwe elimpofu kakhulu, ngakho-Abela waba esikoleni ebhodini okugcwele. Okokuqala, awusebenzi ukugqama jikelele abafundi mass. Kulokhu, uthisha izibalo ngesikhathi kwaba umuntu onesihluku kakhulu esikoleni ababevuthuza abafundi. Onekhono Abela wezibalo uthisha Okokuqala ngaphawula ngegama Bert Michael Holmboe.

Mfundisi umfundi

Bert yayinesithakazelo kakhulu kwi-mathematics, isimo sengqondo esihle ukuba abafundi futhi wayazi ukuthi ubakhuthaze. Holmboe wakhuthaza labo abasebenza ngokuzimela. Kuyinto ngiyabonga kuye okokuqala Abela nesithakazelo sina kuyisayensi. Thishela wakhumbula ukuthi u-Abela wafunda wezibalo Yiqiniso nge gagasi lokushisekela ukuthi kungenziwa kuphela atholakala buchopho. Holmboe wakhuthazeka kakhulu Abela isifiso bahlanganyele, futhi wamvumela ukuba usebenzise izincwadi umtapo wakho siqu. Ngemva kwesikhashana kakhulu uAbheli waba kakade nolwazi oluyisisekelo wezibalo. On siqu usosayensi yabo esizayo ngokoqobo "igwinywe" umsebenzi Gauss, Lacroix, Poisson futhi Lagrange.

Riddle, nesithakazelo mathematics

Emibili eyalandela, babe nethemba ethile Abela esithathwayo ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi mathematics. Sekuyisikhathi eside Enye yalezi puzzle bakhangwa ososayensi. Kwakuwusuku yesihlanu degree kwesibalo nezibalo lamadigri ephakeme. Ukuze zibalo elula amafomula bebelokhu baziwa isikhathi eside. sezibalo Rule ukuxazulula zibalo degree wesine wavulwa Ferrari, wesithathu - Gerolamo Cardano.

Nokho, intuthuko eyengeziwe, akekho owakwazi. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, iningi lososayensi wayeqiniseka ukuthi kungenzeka eliyisisekelo yokuxazulula le nkinga iyabheda. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kwanele ukwenza inhlanganisela ekhethekile yezici kanye radicals, ukufunda indlela yokuxazulula lezi zibalo. Nokho, indima ekhulu ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka, ososayensi baye bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi wonke lo msebenzi, kodwa wahlala ezingaxazululeki.

Life eyunivesithi nosizo othisha

Ngo-1820, umndeni ka-Abela inhlekelele kwenzeka: uyise eshona. unina nodadewabo nabafowabo abangamakhulu ayisithupha ahlale cishe impilo yobumpofu. Ngo 1821, Niels Henrik Abela langena eyunivesithi. Lapho, ithalente lakhe njengoba kubonakala ngothisha, futhi benquma bahlanganisa imali yabo ukuqoqa umfundaze ukuze umfundi abampofu, kodwa ngendlela emangalisayo onekhono, ukuze singalahlekelwa umnikelo wakhe isayensi. Naphezu kobunzima babantu base nobunjalo bayo melancholic, uAbheli waba njalo friendly futhi uzhivchiv nazo zonke abafundi, kunjalo akukho izitha. Mathematics kwakuthakazelisa ngakho kuye ukuthi wayechitha ngesikhathi amakilasi usuku lonke, ngokuletha ngokwabo ekukhathaleni ngokomzimba eduze.

Ebusika 1822-1823, i-Niels Henrik Abela wabhala umsebenzi wokuqala sina ngokwesayensi. He nikela kuze integrability ka umehluko zibalo. Njengoba umvuzo, Umklomelo State waklonyeliswa kuye.

Kwalona ikhanda nyuvesi noma Norwegian IBhodi akusho sikhohlwe ithalente brilliant ukuthi kwadingeka u-Abela Niels Henrik. Ehlobo lika-1823 okokuqala e-Abela kungenzeka ukuba afeze uhambo for emngceleni Norwegian. Nge izimali, okuyinto eqoqwe uprofesa waseyunivesithi, u-Abela waya Copenhagen. Ukuhamba, isazi sezibalo bajwayelana namanye izingqondo olukhulu isikhathi: Cauchy, A. Legendre nabanye. Futhi ngo-1825 wayiswa eJalimane, lapho nesabelo sakhe nyangazonke kwaba ukwenza 3168 franc.

Ngo 1826, i-athikili ngu-Abela, okuyinto echazwe inqubo ukuxazulula zibalo degree amahlanu. Lo mcimbi ngokushesha wamenza omunye zezibalo kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Nokho, ngokulandela umsebenzi usosayensi, oseneminyaka idluliselwe ubuyekeze Cauchy, walahlekelwa emaphepheni akhe. Cauchy wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi Abela ngemva nje kokufa usosayensi othile. Uma engakwenzi lokho, khona phakathi nokuphila lika-Abela yayingase ibizwe ukhishwa umklomelo omkhulu zezemfundo. Njengoba-ke kutsi loku, konke ukuphila kwakhe ayihlala kwezimo zobumpofu obukhulu.

umsebenzi okwengeziwe

E Berlin, Abela wahlangana nomunye umcwaningi - A. Krell, owaqala ukushicilela iphephabhuku zezibalo. Ngemva komsebenzi yimpumelelo e-Berlin Niels Henrik Abela ubuyela ekhaya - ukuze Christiania. Elapho seliya abe nesithakazelo imibuzo of zibalo Aljibhra. Phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi ephrintiwe amaphepha isayensi engaba yishumi mathematics, zabhalwa elingelakwaJuda Abela. Ngo 1826 emhlanganweni we-French Academy of Sciences Niels Henrik Abela eletha umbiko imisebenzi ebabazekayo amadlela-ndawonye wezibalo. ukusebenza kwakhe ngamabomu ziyasibona izazi isiFulentshi, ke beqashelwa yayo kuphela ngemva kokufa wezibalo.

Ukuwohloka impilo kanye nezinye izinkinga

Abela ke wathumela ukuba uhambo lwesibili eYurophu. Ekhululwa uhambela edolobheni laseDresden, ePrague, Venice, nase-Paris nabanye. Kodwa lolu hambo akakwazi ngokuthi izivakashi: ngalesi sikhathi usosayensi Niels Henrik Abela uyazikhandla. Uvula 6 theorems zezibalo. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi esandleni sakhe nokuhluleka: isazi wesandla elahlekile, yimali, ukuwohloka kwempilo. Usosayensi ayitholanga inkokhelo njalo.

Ngo 1828 wathola ubulungu Royal Academy of Sciences - futhi lokhu ukuqashelwa kuphela ukuthi uma ukuphila uthola Niels Henrik Abela. Photo ku imali yamaphepha Norwegian namahlelo CZK 500, esasetshenziswa kwaze kwaba u-2002 - ihlonipha ukuthi usosayensi waklonyeliswa kwakhe.

Ngo ukugula nokucindezeleka elihlangana 1828 sezibalo Niels Henrik Abela. Umlando wakhe uphela kabuhlungu: wayegula, kanti odokotela esolwa sofuba mathematics. Ngo-December walowo nyaka ofanayo usosayensi eya Florand edolobheni, lapho umkakhe wasebenza. Phakathi nohambo usosayensi abambe abandayo ezimbi. inyumoniya Sinzima sofuba wenza umsebenzi omuhle, futhi ngo-April 6, 1829, lapho usosayensi kwaba 26 kuphela, ukuphila kwakhe yelashwa masinyane.

izimpumelelo Abela

Isixazululo of zibalo degree yesihlanu - angenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwi-mathematics, okwakwenza Niels Henrik Abela. Izimpumelelo ngakho futhi imfundiso ukuvulwa isethi. Wabuye uphenyo imisebenzi eminingana Aljibhra. Lo mugqa zocwaningo kwaholela ekutholakaleni theory Abela imisebenzi hyperelliptic. Imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile Abela Niels Henrik ezihlobene imfundiso yokuziphendukela chungechunge.

Abela Prize

Njengoba izibalo engakutholi uMklomelo KaNobel, ngo-2002 i-Government of Norway yasungulwa unongorwana okhethekileko ngabo, ngokuthi u-Abela. Kusukela 2003, unyaka ngamunye sona unikelwa i zezibalo wesimanje oluvelele. I okulingana nokheshi ka engaphansana nje kwengu-esigidini aseMelika. Lo mklomelo sidalwe hhayi kuphela ukuvuza abacwaningi ofanelekayo kuwo, kodwa futhi ukuba popularize wezibalo nje isizukulwane esisha. Phakathi ababethole yayo ososayensi Lennart Carleson, John G. Thompson, Mikhail Gromov, Jean-Per Serr. Futhi, owawina Abela Prize kwaba usosayensi Russian Yakov yaseSinayi. Wathola umklomelo ngegalelo lakhe ekutadisheni izinhlelo dynamical, ithiyori ergodic yemvelo zezibalo.