I-BTR-3 (i-carrier armored "Guardian"): ukubuka konke, incazelo, izici kanye nezici

Ezimweni zanamuhla, akuwona wonke amazwe angakwazi ukuthenga izimoto ezintsha. Yebo, futhi izifunda ezicebile sekuyisikhathi eside zithengwa izingcezu ezingamakhulu amaningana, okulinganiselwe kuma-40-50-70 amayunithi wemishini. Ngakho-ke, izidingo zomkhiqizi ziphezulu kakhulu. I-BTR-3 yase-Ukraine iphakathi kwalezo zithombe ezinamathengi ngisho nasezintweni zangempela zomnotho ezinzima.

Isiqalo sokuthuthukiswa

Ukwakhiwa kwemishini emisha kwaqala ngo-2000. Imoto yokuqala ayidalwanga ngendlela yomyalo, kodwa emncintiswaneni okhethile imishini yempi yama-marine we-UAE. Ungacabangi ukuthi i-BTR-3 into entsha ngempela, njengoba yenzeni ngesisekelo se-BTR-80 endala. Ngokuqondile, ngesisekelo se-BTR-94, okuyinto ukuthuthukiswa okunengqondo "imodeli engu-80". Lo mshini wasungulwa esitshalweni sokwakha umshini waseKharkov. Ukuklama kwendlela entsha kuphelile ngo-2002.

Izimpikiswano ezine ezinkulu zokuzivikela ezivela e-UAE, eJalimane, e-United States nase-Ukraine zihlanganyele kule nqubo. Cishe izinkampani eziyishumi nambili zase-Ukraine zisebenza ekukhiqizeni izingxenye. Le phrojekthi yaba uhlobo lwe "international".

Ukukhiqizwa

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-BTR-3 izindlu ezintsha akuveli ekuqaleni, kodwa ngokuguqulwa kwe-BTR-70 no-BTR-80, inombolo enkulu eyanikezwa i-Ukraine ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union. Umhlangano wezimoto ezintsha zokuzivikela uqhutshwa e-Kiev Armored Factory. Ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi izindleko zokusebenza zenye "ezintathu" azikho ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisihlanu hryvnia ngenyanga, okuyiziningana izikhathi ezimbalwa kunezindleko zokugcina i-BTR-4 eyodwa.

Ukuqeda ukwehluleka kokuklama

Kusukela ngo-2015, kwabikwa ukuthi izwe liye lakwazi ukukhiqizwa okungenani ngaphansi kwezingxenye ezingamaphesenti angu-90 ezakhiweni ezintsha. Lokhu kwenzeke ukuthi kuncishiswe ukuthembela ekunikezeni impahla futhi kwenze ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezikhaliwe kusetshenziswe imali.

Esikhathini esedlule, abaphathi be-Kiev plant babike ukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhiqiza futhi ngaleso sikhathi, izinguquko ezingaba ngu-800 zenziwe kakade ekwakhiweni komshini, olungisa ukushiyeka okubonakala ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakungenzeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ngokuphawulekayo ukukhiqizwa kokukhiqiza, nje ukuthi sekufezekile indawo efanelekile yezingxenye eziphethwe yi-welded seams. Ngonyaka owedlule, umsebenzi onzima usuqale ukutadisha ukuthi kungenzeka ukufaka injini yaseJalimane MAN kumuntu othintekayo wabasebenzi .

Kubikwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kuka-November 2015, iThailand isiye yazuza ukusayina kwesivumelwano lapho singakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokuzimela iBTR-3 nezinxenye zayo ensimini yayo. Akucaci, Nokho, ukuthi iThais izokwenzela kanjani amahlumela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bazoba nesisekelo sabo sezakhiwo ze-BTR-3, noma bahlose ukuthenga i- BTR-70/80 endala evela kubakwa-Ukrainians.

Izici zokuklama

Uma sicabanga ngemvelaphi yomshini, akumangalisi ukuthi ihlangene negumbi langaphambili legumbi lokulawula. Amakamelo okufika nokulwa ayingxenye eseceleni yomphathi wezisebenzi zokuzivikela, futhi igumbi lejini linemuva. Ilungiselelo elinjalo lamakamelo we-BTR-3 abathintekayo abathintekayo abathintekayo ngqo ebolekwa "okhokho" bayo.

Njengabo, lesi sibonelo sikwazi ukuphoqa izithiyo zamanzi. Ukuze uhambe kulolu cala, injini ye-jet yamanzi egibele ngasemuva isetshenziswa. Kuningi okwenziwa ukuze kube lula umshayeli. Ngakho-ke, akudingeki ukuba ashiye indawo yokusebenza ukuze aqale ukuwela kwechibi noma umfula: ama-flaps okubonisa amanzi namapompo okumpompa ukuphuma kwawo ashintshwe ngokuqondile kusuka ku-cabin.

Ngakho-ke, ku-crew ejwayelekile kumele kube nabantu ababili kuphela: umshini wokushayela kanye nomqhubi womqhubi wokulwa. Emagumbini amphibious kufakwe okungenani izimbangi eziyisishiyagalombili ezinhlamvu ezigcwele, ezingangena emotweni bese zihamba ngezinqamu ezimbili zokuqhafaza zibheke phansi ngezansi. I-classical scheme isetshenziselwa: ingxenye engezansi yomnyango onjalo yakha i-edge elula, kanti ukuhlukaniswa kwesibili, ukuhlala eceleni, kuhlanganisa ukufika okuvela ekuqhumeni okungenzeka kuvela emaceleni amancane. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, izintambo zihlinzekwa ophahleni lwemoto ye-armored.

Kukhona ukufakwa okujwayelekile kwe- air conditioning, kanye nesistimu yokulwa nomlilo okuzenzakalelayo ekamelweni lokudlulisa injini.

I-Degree yokuvikela

Kodwa lo mzuzu uthakazelisa kakhulu ukucatshangelwa. Iqiniso liwukuthi uhlangothi lwase-Ukraine lubeka le moto imoto njengesivikelo esiphezulu kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-tank egcwele. Yeka ukuthi kulunge kanjani le ndlela futhi kanjani iBTR-3, izici zobuchwepheshe esizicabangayo, sikwazi ukubhekana nezinqubo ezahlukene zokubhujiswa?

Lena imoto yokuqala yokuzivikela yokwakhiwa kwe-Ukraine, ekwakhiweni kwezingubo ezahlukaniswa ngayo: insimbi ivikela abasebenzi kusukela emonakalweni wezinhlamvu, kanti ukukhwa kwe-Kevlar kuklanyelwe ukuqhuma nokubamba izingcezu. Njengoba sishilo, lesi sikhwama sihlangene kusuka ezindala zakwa-Soviet ezenziwe ngabasebenzi bezempi ngokuhambisa ezinye izikhali ezenziwe ngamashidi ensimbi. Ngaphandle kwentshonalanga zonke zifakwe ngama-angle angenangqondo yokuthambekela, okwandisa amathuba okuphindaphinda futhi anikeze ukuphepha okwenyuka kwabasebenzi bezimoto.

Ibhuloho le-BTR-3, imidwebo ephindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiwe izici zobuntu ze-BTR-80, ihlukaniswa ngokubusheka okubonakalayo kwemigqa. Njengoba kubikwe abakhiqizi base-Ukraine, lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso yokusiza ukunqoba izithiyo zamanzi. Futhi, kunolwazi olwenziwe ngesicelo samakhasimende lungasetshenziswa ekwakheni indawo yokugibela ngokuphakama kuka-150 mm, okusiza ukufika nokuphuma kwamasosha, kanye nokukhuphuka kwabalimele kusukela empini.

Izici ze-Motility

Ukuze kube lula ukuphathwa nokunciphisa umthwalo kumshayeli ngendlela efanele, kuhlinzekwa amandla okuqondisa amandla anamandla. I-four (!) Front wheel steering, okuyinto eyenza ngcono ukuhamba nokusebenza komshini. Kunesimiso sokuqala senkomba yokucindezela kwamathayi kanye nendlela yokuyilawula, okukuvumela ukuba ulungise ngokushesha imingcele ngaphandle kokushiya umshini. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu uma ufuna ukunqoba ukushisa kanye nezindawo zasolwandle.

Ukutshala amandla nokudlulisa amandla

Njengamanje, i-DoTR ye-BTR-3 ifakwe injini yaseJalimane Deutz BF6M1015, eveza amandla angama-326 amalitha. Nge. Umshini unomshini wokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo u-Allison MD3066. Kukhona ukhetho oluthe xaxa lwezabelomali uma umphathi wezisebenzi zokuzivikela athola i-UTD-20 injini ethuthukisa amandla angama-300 amalitha. Nge. Kodwa akudingeki kakhulu ezweni noma ngokwamakhasimende angaphandle, njengoba ukuhamba kwezinto ezinjalo kunganeliseki ukwanelisa.

Imodeli yakamuva futhi entsha kakhulu ifakiwe nge-MTU 6R106TD21 injini, ivolumu yangaphakathi - 7.2 amalitha. Le moto ingakhipha kakade ama-325 amalitha. Nge. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi abakhiqizi banquma ukufaka ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-Allison 3200SP. Kubikwa ukuthi ngasekuqaleni kuka-2015 kwakulungele (ngokulandelana) umbukiso wokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-Ukraine ngokugcwele. Mhlawumbe, uma le phrojekthi isetshenziselwa izinto zangempela zezomnotho, khona-ke kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwelayisensi yezimpahla zangaphandle.

Izici ze-Chassis

I-BTR-3E1 ifakwe amathayi weFrance ama-bulletproof Michelin [9]. Amathayi ahlangene, aphethwe yi-tubeless, ingcindezi eguquguqukayo kanye nobukhulu 365/90 R18 noma 335/80 R20.

Yini ehlomile nesikhulu sabasebenzi abasebenza ngezandla

Ngokukhethekile kule nqubo i-module yokulwa i-KBA-105 "Shkval" yasungulwa, isiteleka esikhulu esiteleka esinesimo samanje esingama-30-mm se-cannon ye-ZTM-1. Kuye, isibhamu semishini esingu-7.62-mm, CT-7.62, sisebenza ngamabili. Yini eyenziwa ngabasebenzi be-BTR-3 (isithinteli sabasebenzi bezandla zanamuhla, emva kwakho konke) lapho behlangana ne-tank yesitha? Ngalesi sizathu, umshini unemishini emibili yokuqalisa i-PTMR 9M114M "Umncintiswano-M". Ukuze uhlasele izinsana noma uvuselele ukuhlaselwa kwawo, isiqalisi se-grenade engama-30-mm esetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalelayo singasetshenziswa.

I-OTP-20 iyinkimbinkimbi yokulawulwa komlilo kanye nokuqiniswa kwesibhamu esikhulu, umklamo ohlanganisa isitifiketi esisha kunazo zonke zesibhamu SVU-500. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo kuye kwandisa kakhulu ukunemba kokudubula ngisho nasezindaweni ezide.

Enye inguqulo ye-module yokulwa

Kukhona ukuhlukahluka kokufaka imoto yokulwa ne-module yokulwa BM-3M "Sturm". Ihlukaniswa ukuqiniswa kwe-block block yonke ngesikhathi esisodwa ezindizeni ezimbili. Lolu hlelo lwasungulwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa ngqo kwe-MD Borisyuk. Njengokwesikhashana esidlule, le moduli isekelwe i-canon ye-30mm yokuzenzekelayo ye-ZTM-1 (izinhlamvu zamabhomu angu-350), kanye nesibhamu somshini we-KT 7.62-mm enezinhlamvu zamakhilomitha angu-2,000. Ngakwesokudla kwesimodla kukhona isitsha se-Starter "I-Barrier" enezingqimba ezine zamathangi, futhi ngakwesokunxele kune-30-mm KBA-117 (isiqalisi se-grenade othomathikhi).

Njengokwesikhashana esidlule, i-OTP-20 inesibopho sokuhlosisa nokudubula ngokunemba, okuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele kwizinhlelo zokulawula i-Barrier. I-SVU-500 iyasebenza njenge-stabilizer yezikhali. Njengoba ukuzinza kwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ezindizeni ezimbili, i-BTR-3 "Guardian" (abaphathi bezisebenzi zokuzivikela) bangakwazi ukuqhuba umlilo ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi sokuma futhi bahlose. Embhoshongweni kukhona nezinhlayiyana ezincane (81 mm), ezenzelwe ukukhululwa kwamabhomu amnyama "Cloud".

Ama-MSA namadivayisi wokubuka

Iyini ithuluzi lokulawula umlilo (i-OMS)? Umkhiqizo wemishini yi-Track-M. Yakhiwe esiteshini somsakazo womsakazo weChernigov. Imisebenzi yalesi simiso ihlanganisa ukutholakala okufike ngesikhathi kwezinhloso zomhlaba kanye nezindiza zezindiza ezinokuphakama okuphansi, ukuqaliswa kokuhlosisa, kanye nokulawula okude kwenkimbinkimbi yonke yemoto yokulwa.

Umlawuli unedivayisi ehlukile (enezinhlelo ezifanayo) "I-Panorama-2P". Futhi, angakwazi ukulawula ukuphathwa kwesibhamu ngokulawula okukhethekile okude. Ikhamera ye-panoramic enkulu, eyingxenye yamabili amamojula wokulwa, ingavuswa ekuphakameni kwaze kwaba yingxenye yemitha, inikeze umlawuli kanye nombhamu ukuthi abonakale kakhulu. Lolu hlelo luphinde lwakhiqizwe esiteshini somsakazo wezobuchwepheshe baseChernigov.