Zil-134: Imininingwane

Zil-134 - kuyinto abanolwazi multi-purpose ugandaganda, wadala in the 50s kwekhulu elidlule eSoviet Union. Imoto kuyahluka khona eziningi izinhlelo ezintsha ngesikhathi, efana multi-isixhumanisi ukumiswa, emaphakathi isondo ukuwa kwamandla emali, abanye. Ngokusho ezingeni yentuthuko yaleli su amashumi eminyaka, kulindelwe ukuthuthukiswa ezifuywayo imoto amasondo ubuchwepheshe.

Project ukuhlela eziningana izimboni imoto eSoviet Union kusukela maphakathi nawo-50s, waqala uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela ukuthuthukisa futhi ukwakha indlela ehlukile ngoba wezokuvikela. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlangano waphenduka SKB Plant Likhachev. Wabhekisa amabombo bureau eyaziwa ekuthuthukiseni yakhe umklamo unjiniyela Vitaly Grachev.

Lokhu imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo

Ngo-1955, ngaphansi kwesiqondiso Grachev, Zil ochwepheshe amabutho yasungulwa imodeli yokulinga oyinhloko walelo ZIS-E134. Waba isampula imodeli "inombolo eyodwa" balidla amakhono kokuvamile izici. Ukuba nesipiliyoni ekuklanyweni imishini, ubhoko design bureau ngaqala imoto Zil-134. Kwakuhlelwe ukuba lokhu kuzoba ngokwesilinganiso imoto kanye wezikhali ugandaganda ATK-6.
Four-sezwe imoto, okuyinto isondo ifomula 8x8, lwenzelwe trailer yokudonsa neminye imishini ehlukahlukene nesisindo esingamathani 6 ezindaweni ezimbi. Njengoba primer enamathela imoto yakhishwa 7.2 amathani izinsimbi. Ngendlela kwavula - imithwalo futhi trailer ukuze amathani angu-15. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ukuthwala abantu kuze kube abantu 8, futhi kufika ku-4 amathani wezimpahla. Lezi zimfuneko ke ifaniswe izimoto zilandelwa kuphela.

Nokho, onjiniyela bakwazi ukuthuthukisa into eyingqayizivele. Umklamo we Zil-134 imoto ochwepheshe bakwazi ukusebenzisa imibono eziphambili kakhulu futhi lesichubekako, abese ekusebenzeni. Ukuqinisekisa okusezingeni eliphezulu ikhono off-road, oluvala amasondo ngamunye ibilokhu sise elifanayo ukusuka nomunye. Ngakho, amabhuloho ezine ukukhwezwa ngezikhawu 1450 mm.

I gumbi kanye nempahla yalo

I gumbi Kwahlelwa ngaphambili eziphephile ngokuphelele. Amandla iyunithi igibele ngemuva kwakhe. Overhangs nhlangothi zombili babe omncane. Uzimele isitebhisi uhlobo ephezulu amandla izinto kalula ukumelana ukucindezeleka okunzima. Platform ngesizathu nabasebenza, kungenziwa ifakwe yayinamakhothamo kanye isisitho selanga endlini. Uma kudingeka, konke lokhu kungenziwa adiliza.

sezulu elithandekayo ngaphakathi gumbi abagibeli abathathu (okuyinto ngenhlanhla kwahluka ukubonakala ezinhle) kuhhavini zigcinwe exhunywe ohlelweni ukupholisa samandla iyunithi. Usihlalo backrest aguqulwa kalula izihlalo ezimbili, okungaba kahle ukulala. Zil iloli ophahleni cab ine dweba ukuhlolwa.

ngaphansi hood

Imoto i-four-ugandaganda drive enama-asi nesondo isikimu 8x8. Ngaphambili ezine amasondo - elawulwa. Ngesikhathi imboni babe injini yentuthuko ngqo imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo. Ngaphansi hood, injini kwadingeka Zil-134 V12 - likaphethiloli injini, okuyinto ekucaleni isipiliyoni E134. Lokufuduka we silo 12 cylinder kwaba 10.4 amalitha. amandla Engine - 240 hp Ngokuvamile, amandla iyunithi lalinabashumayeli ezimbili zokuhlola eziyisithupha cylinder E180 V emise. Nge zonke ezintsha eziye lwenteke kule injini, kwakungisiza ngempela alithembekile.
Ngenxa eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa njalo nokuhluleka ohlelweni ukuthungela ngokuvamile uya ngokudayisa valve pistons. Ngu ukwehluleka washi, isikhathi siboniswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo njalo waphawula ukwehluleka amayunithi elisizayo, isibhakela futhi uya libanjwe e gasket isilinda ikhanda. Lapho amandla nameplate of 240 iphoqa izibalo bangempela babeyizigqila 200 kuphela hp Kwakunganele ukuba ukuthola traction ezidingekayo kanye nokusebenza ashukumisayo.

izici Design Unique

Sokuphehla amandla iye ifakwe izinhlelo ezintsha kanye nezindlela - abayikho okoqobo. Lesi sihlungi centrifugal ngoba esihle uhlanzekile hydropushers. Umklamo isebenzisa inertia ukuziqalela, preheater, ukusebenza kokubili ugesi nophethiloli. Yena kwaba lula ukuqala injini abandayo. Futhi, injini kwaba ifakwe fan bamba off. It is elawulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, silencers emibili ithangi ukunwetshwa.

Twin umzalwane

Ngaphandle, imoto cishe ngokuphinda imigqa izici Minsk-wheel drive wonke amasondo imoto MAZ-535.

Le nqubo yasungulwa e Minsk, inhlangano kanye nomklamo ehhovisi ngo-1954. Lezi zenzakalo lokuqala ukukhiqizwa Kuye kwatholakala ku 61-m. Umshini yenziwa iminyaka emithathu, ngemva kwalokho kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo igama elinamandla ngokwengeziwe imodeli ugandaganda Minsk 537. rover yayinokufanayo drive uhlelo nesondo ifomula. Umehluko babe kuphela ukugxusha lobuchwepheshe, nokuthi ubuncane.

automatic transmission

Zil-134 Control is kakhulu lula khona automatic transmission - yebo,. Sifaneleka ikakhulu kwaba automatic transmission emigwaqweni. Transmission ye imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo kwaba ezimbili-node - Converter torque ukudluliswa zibe izigaba ezintathu. PPC - uhlobo kwamaplanethi.

Parallel supply torque engu kuya Drive kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa pair of ukudluliswa ibhokisi ezimbili isivinini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona umsebenzi ahlukene yokuxhuma nangemuva ebhokisini.
Nomehluko e owodwa esigabeni ngemoto yokugcina ifakwe mechanical Ilokhi hlobo. Kamuva, Zil iloli bese sivele kungagcini ukushelela nomehluko. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, ayesebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene.

Ngaphambili wheel drive elisetshenziswa eziphambili kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, ibhola emalungeni Rtseppa, isici okuyinto ukuthi kuvumelaniswa. Ukuze kwandiswe imvume 470 mm isondo Izikhumulo ifakwe gearboxes.

ukusebenza ukushayela

lisebenza ngokushelela nangokufanele okusezingeni eliphezulu ukushayela ukusebenza emigwaqweni futhi ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu ukuthi imoto enikeziwe uhlobo ukumiswa ezimele. Onjiniyela wasebenzisa uhlelo torsion-isigwedlo futhi telescopic ukushaqeka ezidayiswayo. Ukumiswa unhlangothi kwaba 220 mm. Ukushintshanisa amabhangqa amabili phambi amasondo wasebenzisa amandla onamandla wokubacindezela.

Amabhuleki kanye amathayi

Ukuze imoto esindayo kungenzeka ngokuphepha ukubambezela ezimweni ezibucayi, onjiniyela baye basungula kunamabhuleki akhethekile. Ngakho, umshini ifakwe imishini sigubhu uphawu. Njengoba babewasebenzisa ukuze Drive wathi uhlelo uketshezi.

Imoto inabasebenzi amathayi ekhethekile enezindonga mncane. I engavamile of ingcindezi yabo ultra ongaphakeme. usayizi isondo - 16.00-20.00. Umfutho ongaphakathi kubo lenyuka ku ezahlukene kg 0.5 kuya 1.25 / cm2. ingcindezi ezingeni inakekelwa futhi washintsha ngokuzenzakalela esebenzisa uhlelo eyodwa. Lokhu kunomthelela omuhle patency nokusebenza ugandaganda. Iloli wayengasakwazi ukunyakazisa ngisho noma isondo wagwazwa noma backache.

Imoto laqedwa trossoukladchikom indophi sigubhu futhi ngenkani idlulisele ikhebula. It yasungulwa phakathi nekhulu lesithathu nelesibili drive oluvala amasondo. izici Propulsion futhi izici imoto eziye zaguqulwa patency ngenxa ukungabi khona izingxenye ophumile bese ubukeka ubushelelezi phansi pan. Umzimba - uphawu ngokugcwele, okuvumela kule imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ukuba banqobe ngisho nezithiyo amanzi.

ukuhlolwa

Ebusika 1957, bese entwasahlobo, ochwepheshe be-design bureau zalesi sihlahla izimoto Likhachev ezimbili ezakhiwa. Ziyakwazi equliswa wabonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ugandaganda ATK-6 off-road amakhono kwengce kakhulu lizinga imodeli ukukhiqizwa Zil-157 isitshalo. On permeability kakhulu ukuthonywa base isondo imoto (1450 + 1450 mm). Rover cishe udliwe abakhasi onobuhle. Ngokuya isilinganiso sezimoto ngesivinini, imoto idlule Zil-157 kanye nezimoto zilandelwa Gaz-47 futhi AT-C. Lapho ugandaganda egcwele ngokugcwele angayinqoba kalula liphuma ezingaphezu kuka-40 degrees, ube nemigodi ngemigodi nobubanzi 1.5 m, scarps ukuphakama 1 m.

Ngenxa uphawu ngokuphelele ebiyelwe umshini lidlule kalula amavesi kungakhathaliseki ukujula yabo. Imoto yakwazi ukuthuthela emanzini ngesivinini aphansi, cishe 2-3 km / h.
Umshini kungaba donsa trailer, towed izindiza nesisindo 70 wamathani.

nenye idatha

Imoto ubude babuyizingalo 7160 mm, nobubanzi - 2700 mm, ubude - 2650. Wheel Suv isisindo - 10.600 mm. Gross imoto isisindo izimpahla ezingamathani angu-15. On emsebenzini, edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo imoto uma umthwalo amathani 4. Wheelbase - 1450 + 1450 + 1450 mm. Fuel ukusetshenziswa lapho ushayela ku ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu ngaphandle umthwalo - 59 amalitha ngamunye amakhilomitha angu-100. Okokhelekayo tank umthamo we umshini kwaba 500 amalitha.

isiphetho

Ngakho esiphethweni yini Zil-134 Ukucaciswa. Njengoba ubona, lokhu imoto enomlando ezithakazelisayo. Phila ukuze ubone izinto okunjalo akunakwenzeka.