Ukufudumala kwamanzi ngezimoto nezikebhe: ukubuyekezwa kwabakhiqizi, izinzuzo nezimo ezingalungile

Njengomthetho, abantu okhetha ukuzihlanganisa uhlobo umsebenzi (kungaba wokuzilibazisa noma ubungcweti) nge machibi ezifana nemifula noma emachibini, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukubhekana nenkinga yokuzikhethela futhi lwesikebhe ngamandla ngaye. amanzi Motor omningi jet noma namanje isikulufa? Ngamunye has ubuhle nobubi bayo. Kanjani ukukhetha, yini ukuba banake? Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba enze ukukhetha phakathi jet amanzi zakudala motor umshudo evulekile?

futha-jet

Amanzi jet ngokuthi zomshini ukuze ngamandla umkhumbi ngamandlakhe elakhiwe ukukhululwa kwe-jet ngamanzi.

Idivayisi ngamandla yakhiwa bendiza kushaft (impeller) vodomotnoy ipayipi straightener futhi idivayisi ayo.

Umgomo we operation iyona ingress amanzi ngokusebenzisa impeller egumbini amanzi itheku, futhi ngemva ketshezi uyakhishwa ngepayipi tapered, lapho uphuma khona zazo lincane ububanzi kuka itheku. Lokhu kwakha jet enikezela ukuhamba ngesikebhe motor. Nge uhlelo lokuqondisa ikhiqizwa ushintsho isiqondiso motion ligijima jet ngamandla iyunithi indiza ovundlile, ukuhlinzeka isitsha ematfuba kanye idlulela obratnonapravlenny esidayisa kudala ukugeleza, ukuhlinzeka isipele isikebhe.

Ngokukhetha amanzi jet ngokuvamile abantu abathambekele, ngokuvamile engenayo ukuhamba amachibi ngithuka noma Rapids. Jwayelekile isikulufa motor kulezizimo izingozi angene esimeni ngenxa ingozi eliphezulu emazombezombe slime ku screw emanzini angajulile noma athinte doti ezinkulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile futha-jet, ukuhlinzeka ngesivinini, maneuverability nokuphepha.

Kufanele kungabi ukubukwa elilinganiselwe abahlanganyeli ezithangamini ezehlukene. Ngemva isithombe esibanzi kwenza kube nokwenzeka nje ukubukeza. High amanzi ivolumu jet akuyona kuphela isakhiwo kubenzima, akusiyo nganoma yisiphi imodeli isitsha kungase kufaneleke. Uma imfundamakhwela ukhululekile nomqondo usebenzisa umkhumbi futha-jet, kufanele uhlale version yokugcina umkhumbi ngamanzi kwaqhuma e imishini yasekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto efiselekayo ukhethe nomkhiqizi wahlanganyela emsebenzini wokukhiqiza idatha ngamandla isikhathi eside.

Ngebuhle nebubi

kudivayisi Water jet ikakhulukazi lokuthi zonke ezinkulu ezihambayo izingxenye "ocashe" ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Uma isikebhe siphela esihlabathini, uthinte phansi sikebhe kwenzeka. Lesi sici design ikuvumela ukuvikela izinto kusuka ukonakala, okuyinto akulona Outboards nge "uyembulile" isikulufa. Pump-jet asesabi lokuhlangana udoti kwamanzi.

Lapho ushayela isikebhe motor emanzini angajulile nge ukujula okungenani zilingana emzimbeni kokwehla (mayelana 20 amasentimitha) amanzi inganono Onqobayo kudoti izindawo, nezindawo nezithiyo aphumele ngaphandle kwamanzi ngenxa maneuverability yayo.

Uma fly ku isithiyo ngesikhathi ngamasentimitha angu-30 ukujula, umthelela bayocabanga phansi isikebhe, esikhundleni amanzi inganono, kusukela Umhambisi Awekho izingxenye ophumile, okungakwazi ishiwo esasinenjini, eyashayisa lokucabanga izindwani we bendiza.

Ngezikhathi ezithile ukumpompa-jet esetshenziswa nenjabulo yezandla ngenxa ukusebenza amandla esithambile ukudluliswa (yokudlulisela) kanye ukungabikho kunyakaza.

Izinzuzo kufanele futhi zihlanganisa ukungabi khona ukumelana namanzi ezengeziwe eziyizici izinjini nge bendiza evulekile (bendiza lomshini bese ukudala ukumelana ezengeziwe). Ngaphezu kwalokho, handling elula angawodwa inertia okusezingeni eliphezulu izinkomba okwengeziwe high speed (njengoba ngaphambili ngesikhathi futhi at the ezingemuva). okumqoka iyona ibanga umsindo ongaphakeme: ivolumu High amanzi jet esasinenjini egijima kubonakale akakhulumi kakhulu motor ne bendiza.

Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuphawulwe ohlangothini ezimbi: ngaphansi emanzini angajulile kunobungozi ukuthi injini uzobe some amatshe, isihlabathi futhi amatshe avela phansi, ngoba amanzi inganono usebenza isimiso futha futha. Lokhu kungaholela umonakalo impeller, ukwehluleka kohlelo ukupholisa futhi ukusebenza engalungile a umlomo wombhobho amanzi.

Elinye iphuzu negative iyona ukuhilizisana. Sibangelwa ukunyakaza ngejubane eliphezulu amanzi ngaphakathi ipayipi. Ungakhohlwa mayelana izindleko ukufakwa. Vodomotnye izinjini esasinenjini mayelana kabili ayebiza Outboards ezivamile isikulufa evulekile. Ngenxa yalokhu isikebhe nge futha-jet Kufaka kakhulu ungeze ku value abo futhi ziqondakala amakhasimende njengoba bethanda noma uphawu lokunethezeka.

UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki kubalandeli of zakudala isikulufa motors kanye uhlelo amanzi ukulawula jet. Inkinga ubangelwa iqiniso lokuthi bendiza classic nomuntu bendiza evulekile olulodwa-isigwedlo uhlelo lokulawula. Pump-jet nazo reversibly kudivayisi multilink-eliphethe. Abanye abakhiqizi uphathe ukukhiqiza izikebhe ne esakhelwe amanzi jet nge single-isigwedlo uhlelo lokulawula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyasiza ukufunda ithangi lamanzi, kanjalo ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunalokho akuhileli izinkinga kuka izinzuzo:

• Okokuqala, saqala Kutfutfukisa nombono onganembile ngendlela futha-jet. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kohlelo ukudluliswa ezinjalo, okuvumela ukuba bahumushe isigwedlo shift kuya hlangothi. Transmission yezimanga bahlanganyele bamba noma ukuvala. Pump-jet kancane kancane ukuthola isivinini lapho ukusabela leso ezifana Jerk esendaweni akufanele kulindeleke.
• Okwesibili, i-ukuqonda kangcono izimiso jet amanzi, kutuswa ukuba kudlule ukuqeqeshwa ezifanele. Kusiza ukulawula futha-jet itholakala isidingo ukusebenzisa isigwedlo mpintsha (ukwandisa isivinini) kuphela i Echibini evulekile. Lapho ushayela phezu Rapids ezincane ezakhiwa umfula kungcono hhayi ukwenza kanjalo.
• Esesithathu kusimo ezibalulekile, esivela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo ezokuthutha amanzi - overgrowing. Okubuhlungu nakakhulu isimo abhekane nenkinga ngokusebenzisa amanzi kwaqhuma, njengoba zonke izingxenye ezinyakazayo kungaphakathi. Nge nokuqhubeka komuntu ezisebenzisa Umhambisi akuyona inkinga. Nokho, uma isikebhe alisetshenziswa isikhathi eside, le ingaphakathi kukhona yene. Ikakhulukazi, ungcolisa viscera amanzi ohlelweni kunciphisa ijubane lokuya abafika kwabangu-10%. Inkinga isixazululekile kanye disassembly yamanzi jet wokuhlanza ngesandla, kodwa uma motor isikebhe eyize isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuyodingeka uxhumane esitolo bese ubheka izingxenye efanelekayo ezisele for isikebhe izinjini. Ukusebenzisa udayi Ukwakheka ekhethekile ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside: ukuhamba njalo amanzi ngokushesha basuse upende.

amanzi ivolumu High jet - kuphephile!

Yiqiniso, ukuphepha jet drive - main isici esihle. Kusukela impeller itholakala ngaphakathi, amanzi inganono ayiyona ingozi kumuntu ukuhlala emanzini. Amadivayisi anjalo isetshenziswa watercraft nezikebhe ngesikhathi ethwele skiers amanzi Surfers.

izici isakhi futha-jet ivumela isikebhe senziwa ngokuvula cishe endaweni yidivayisi reverse-eziqondisa (RDD), ihlinzeka ushintsho isiqondiso (ukuhlanekezela) we emfantwini.

amanzi jet izingxenye zitholakala kalula, futhi ukulungisa akakubangeli nobunzima kakhulu. Uma injini amanzi jet ehluleka, kufanele usebenzise amasevisi wanoma yiziphi esitolo umzimba, lapho omunye kwalungisa kalula noma ushintshwa ngomunye. Zonke kuzoncika izinga lomonakalo. Ungase udinge rework the nokubopha uhlelo, Ukupholisa and qeda esimweni esikhundleni.

Pump-jet enezinto eziningi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama, okuyinto akufanele unganakwa. Esinye salezo: ukuba aqondise ngesivinini, musa kabusha kuze kube sekupheleni iyiphi iqhinga, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ujike noma U-ujike isipele.

Kanjani futhi injini, futha-jet asitholayo emazombezombe ulwelwe engozini impeller, okuyinto, nakho jam. Ukuvimbela ukulimala injini esimweni ulwelwe ku kushaft emazombezombe, ukhiye ekhethekile, okungase ukusika. Ulwelwe futhi kulula ukuqeda dweba ukuvulwa. Inikeza ukuvikelwa rocks falling - grid.

Indlela ukukhetha ithangi lamanzi

Ezivamile evulekile esasinenjini engaphandle izinjini abe bendiza kahle (ukusebenza kahle) elilingana 0.65-0.75 lapho ezihambayo ngesivinini ngokulinganisela. Ukuze nekusebenta amanzi jet cishe 0.55 ngejubane 40-55 km / h. Ngokwandisa yesivinini 100 km / h isivele 0.60-0.65. design Esifanele tonkhe tincenye futha-jet ikunika kahle cishe 0.70. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela hhayi kuphela ithangi lamanzi kodwa ukushesha bezihlahla efakwe amanzi jet design.

Kunconywa ukufunda eziningi imithetho evumela ukuba ukhethe ngokuhlakanipha kwaqhuma amanzi, i-main Umnqopho we okuyinto ngiwukhathalela design nokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba banake ukuma umlomo wombhobho. Amanzi kufanele kube isiyingi noma okweqanda ukuma cross-Sectional. embodiments Ngaphansi efiselekayo kukhona amanzi square tube futhi ngesimo isikwele nge ajikelezayo.

Isici esibalulekile iyona enyakazayo engela isibalo Axis. Khetha ukuba kwi "isivinini ephakeme -. Emthambekeni incane" Vodomotnye bezihlahla ekuthuthukiseni isivinini kule ezahlukene 55-65 km / h, okuyinto ibangelwa engela 35-39 degrees. Ukuze sifinyelele ngesivinini ephakeme engela kufanele ibe ngu- degrees 25. I engela ukuthambekela kushaft bendiza kuyakhethwa ku uhla kusuka degree angu-zero kuya kwamahlanu.

ukufakwa

Jet drive kufanele afakwe ngesikhathi imikhumbi ukukhanya-speed, ngokuthi "planing". izikebhe okunjalo zenzelwe isivinini angaphezu kuka-60 km / h. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi ithangi lamanzi ogibele motor nezikebhe isilinganiso ukuthambekela engela phansi (deadrise) kusuka 10 kuya ku-30 degrees.

Phakathi ukufakwa, acabangele isisindo bendiza, njengoba unomphela ngaphakathi amanzi unezela isabelo eningi bomkhumbi isisindo. Ngoba ukwenza izibalo "ngamandla" isitsha, kufanele acabangele ehilelekile ezibalulekile. Kodwa uma sicabangela isithombe esigcwele, amanzi inganono ogibele isikebhe - nguqulo compact kuka injini nge ikholomu ekhoneni. Isisindo extra offset kalula ukungabi gearbox, okuyinto ubuyisela reverse-eliphethe. Kuyaphawuleka, ochwepheshe batusa ukufakwa naye obukhetheke elihlangana phakathi injini namanzi inganono. Lokhu kunikeza ukusebenza yodwa endaweni engenabantu kulesi motor, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imodi of futha-jet.

Ukuhambisana nesikhathi

isithakazelo esiqotho futha-jet kusukela ukuhweba esanda kutholakala sekukhona. Siyabonga izinkampani ucwaningo shipbuilding ukuba ngesimo ukufakwa kwamanzi jet ukuze ngesivinini ulwandle izikebhe, izitsha ezempi kanye commercial, lolu hlobo umkhumbi ngamandla iwine kuye udumo.

Kuphumelele operation okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa izinzuzo eziningi ezifihliwe, ngaphezu ukuphakama kusobala ukuthi iwine vodomotnye izikebhe emanzini angajulile.

Ngakho, enye izinkampani shipbuilding isiNtaliyane, ukukhangisa yacht nge amaphuzu futha-jet kuzici ezifana ngezinga eliphezulu nesimo sengqondo sokuzivumelanisa nezimo yezinguquko umthwalo isitsha (okuyinto ngokuvamile ishintshe), kanye nekghono omkhulu ngesivinini kusukela 60 kuya 95 km / h .

kwaqhuma amanzi ngaphandle esihlabathini

Lezi zimo zokuma badlala indima ebalulekile isikebhe ngesivinini njengoba Umhambisi classic nomuntu evulekile isivinini bendiza isikebhe kuncike ijubane isikulufa. Ukushintsha izimo zezulu, kusiza kancane lo mvimbo isitsha, kuholela nobunzima ekugcineni isivinini njalo. Lokhu kunomthelela omubi injini ukusebenza ngenxa ukungakwazi ukuthuthukisa inombolo enkulu ematfuba. Ngenxa izici yamanzi jet, kuyinto ukungakwazi motor sindisa, ithuba ukuthuthukisa inqwaba ematfuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya bomkhumbi. Okungukuthi, inani linemibhikisho liye lehla, umthwalo injini izohlala injalo, zihlala zinjalo petrol iyunithi isikhathi ngasinye, kodwa kuzokhulisa ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela per unit ibanga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, futha-jet maneuverability ivumela yezikebhe eboshelwe ungumthombo ongumngcingo emfuleni zinsika kunokuba nezimbobo ezikhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esibalulekile ngawo amanzi kwaqhuma baqashelwa endaweni yesicelo ku cruise izikebhe operation yabo buthule.

Motor yezikebhe sebeqala nobunzima lapho ushayela ngenhla 50 km / h olwandle. Lokhu kungenxa nokwanda kokunqikaza wamanzi izindwani (ngisho noma ligijima) bendiza. Uma usebenzisa jet amanzi kakhulu zero ukumelana ngenxa Umhambisi design ukuhlinzeka ukugeleza okuqhubekayo emhlabeni izindlu.

Cruise izikebhe akuvamile uhambe ngesivinini, isidingo indiza amanzi kubangelwa yisifiso ukusebenza injini okunengqondo ngokwengeziwe futhi iphephile. Kodwa kunezimo ukuthi ahlinzeke anda isivinini phakathi olwandle ngezithukuthuku amandla - okungukuthi, ukufaka izinjini eziningi.

izibulo lochunge lokuxhumana

Ukuthembeka yamanzi kwaqhuma kudoti amadamu kubangela asikhali ngalutho. Kuyaziwa ukuthi iNkantolo nginqobe lezi izindawo angcolile efana Channel, ngaphandle ukwehluleka olulodwa.

Naphezu angasetshenziswa, futha-jet ezindaweni akuhambisani okuphambene shipbuilding, noma ku multiengine cruise izikebhe noma ezikebheni ijubane elincane noma jet eqhweni. Futhi ngezinsuku zokugcina amanzi inganono kuba VO. share sengonyama wemakethe futhi enze izikebhe letingemasayizi lahlukene nge bendiza zakudala. Mayelana inombolo encane kakhulu izikebhe aphume yokwakha izimoto eziningi, ukuba kakade wakha amanzi inganono, hhayi Kuhle kokusho.

Inani cishe 11% (ngokusho kongoti) kungokwalabo emakethe futha-jet. Kodwa lesi sibalo kungenzeka kakhulu ziyancipha, uma ungacabangi ngokugcwele emakethe amadivayisi ngamandla, ngaphandle jet eqhweni, amanzi inganono okuyinto iyingxenye ye-design.

Ngokwalokho okubikezelwa izinkampani ezikhiqiza izinjini, kukhona kungenzeka okwandayo lesi sibalo kuya 45% ngenxa ukudalulwa futha-jet emakethe okungenzeka.

Uphenyo izinjini kanye abakhiqizi

Kuningi ukudoba abathanda ukusebenzisa izikebhe "Rotan 240m" ngokuhlanganyela indiza amanzi Yamaha 40.

Ngokusho kwabo, umenzi Yamaha uthi lincane kakhulu. Isikhathi esiningi ezihambisana ezinamaphutha "ibeke" ngoba Izibuyekezo zilotshiwe esikhathini esiningi labo abasanda ushintshe ithangi lamanzi komunye. Lokho nje twitches indawo emva bushelelezi osenyameni isigwedlo ehluleka ezingemuva ezijulile kunesikebhe.

kungiphathe kabi ukungasabeli kahle waphawula ukuthi inkampani Tohatsu. Okokuqala, abadobi esekhala ukuthenga njalo imikhiqizo engaphelele. Okwesibili, imodeli Tohatsu 40 wethiwa "sorokovke ngokungafanele" njengoba 40 amahhashi injini akukuniki phandle. Ngokuvamile sithathelwe indawo Tohatsu 50, kodwa lokhu imodeli ngokushesha overheats.

Iwusizo bendiza

Ukufakwa classical esasinenjini ngamandla iyunithi kufanelekile, uma kunesidingo usebenzisa isakhiwo Ubuningi bamahora lula futhi ukunyakaza endaweni amanzi nge ukujula kwesilinganiso ngesivinini aphansi (kufika ku-50 km / h).

Sekutholakele Yamaha izinjini. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• A gwedla isikulufa nge qeda lesemkhatsini. sici Bezakhiwe wukuthi kundawo lapho uphethiloli ekushayweni kwenzeka, kanye nokudedela amandla amandla omlilo, ngokufanele phakathi - eksisi isikhungo lapho izindwani zixhunywe.
• Isikulufa design nge indawo port qeda ezisekelweni phezulu.
• Uhlelo nge emachwebeni amabili qeda elise nangaphezulu eksisi.

isiphetho

Ngo vodomotnye jikelele esasinenjini engaphandle izinjini ukuletha ukwakha bezihlahla izinzuzo eziningi, kodwa nemibi hhayi ehlisiwe njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Uma kungenjalo, i Umhambisi ezibizayo, zingaba umthwalo osindayo.

abakhiqizi Foreign ukukhiqiza kwaqhuma amanzi emkhunjini kahle eliphezulu kakhulu futhi ngobukhulu elincane. Ngokwesibonelo, amanzi inganono Yamaha Ubukhulu 350x560x300 mm nesisindo 19 kg has a izindleko mayelana 75 000 ruble emakethe yasekhaya.

Amanzi inganono Mercury ME JET 25 ml (kugqugquzelwa US) bulkier: ubude engxenyeni engenhla izindlu (nendawo) 508 mm, isisindo mayelana 60 kg, Engine ivolumu 420 cm ^3, isibalo impeller linemibhikisho ngomzuzu ifinyelela 5000, nokulawula okugcwele mathupha. Izindleko emakethe yasekhaya isivele ruble 263 500.

Japanese ithangi lamanzi Tohatsu M25JET elinezimfanelo ezifana (ezahlukene kuphela inombolo linemibhikisho: 5200-5600 ngeminithi) kade ruble 287.500.

Ukuze uqhathanise, Classic isikulufa motor zingatholakala phakathi 30 000 nangaphezulu.

Akumangalisi ukuthi ngenxa umehluko izindleko ezimbalwa onesibindi ukuthenga amanzi inganono. Inani elikhulu, hhayi wonke umuntu angakwazi ukukhokhela Chic. Kunethemba lokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lwentengo uhlaliseke njengoba kulindeleke abakhiqizi angaphandle. Khona-ke futha-jet otvoyuyut ukuthi inkinga enkulu isabelo emakethe.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ukuthandwa okwandayo ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwaqhuma futhi ihlinzeka abakhiqizi owaziwa. Izinkampani ezingu owaziwa:

• Yamaha (Japan);
• Suzuki (Japan);
• Tohatsu (Japan);
• , Honda (Japan);
• Mercury (USA);

Imikhiqizo yenkampani ngayinye libhekene kukhwalithi ephezulu, isethi ephelele imishini kanye Coefficient ukusebenza.

Isidingo uthole izingxenye ezisele for isikebhe izinjini, okuyinto ayifuna ngabomvu liphuma khona. Into udumo okukhulunywa brand. Yekuchumana ayatholakala ukuze ithengwe ngaphansi ukuze, kanye ukudayiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile noma emagalaji. Ukulungisa amanzi jet akuyona inkinga enkulu.

Abakhiqizi ukhokhe isamba esikhulu isikhathi ngibheka umdwebo ngamunye, izingxenye kanye nenombolo ngayinye Inkomba ngaphambi imodeli wagqoka ekusakazeni. Amasampula ayathuthuka: amanzi kwaqhuma akhiqizwa ngenombolo enkulu amasilinda, ngenombolo enkulu ngezikulufo, lapho imiphini ka ukujikeleza kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. ukunakekelwa okukhethekile futhi umsindo nangokuvikela okubalulekile umkhiqizo gaskets efanele, hhayi kuphela muffle umsindo injini, kodwa futhi ukunciphisa vibration. Itholakala okukhethekile uhlelo lokuqondisa, inqobo lokukhuphula ephelele ngamanzi kwaqhuma. Amadivayisi ukunciphisa torque okuthiwa, ukuze senze ukuphathwa bomkhumbi ezimenza azizwe atjhaphulukile.

Kukhona amasampula ne nokulawula okugcwele isigwedlo, akasebenzisi uhlelo ikhebula, okuyinto kakhulu kunciphisa ingozi nezimo ezingajabulisi ongaletha intambo okungazelelwe-ngiyaquleka.

Uma sicabanga ngakho konke okungenhla, kukhethwa amanzi jet kufanele aphathwe ngokucophelela. nezimali ezinkulu ekukhuliseni ukuthengwa, kufanele akhokhe isikweletu esikhathini esizayo, futhi umehluko phakathi usebenzisa izipikili futhi jet drive kufanele kube palpable.