Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich Romanov: Biography, umndeni, ezinhlwini ezempi kanye izihloko

Umlando, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa igama nomfowethu omncane Nicholas II, okusikhumbuza Thriller Okuyınqo, okuhlanganisa amaphuzu engenangqondo ngempela. Kuthiwa imibhalo eminingi ye-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi Grand Duke Mikhail Romanov ngempela zokugcina autocrat Russian. Nakuba nenkathi yamaSoviet zonke ngakho ayethanda hhayi ukukhumbula. E-West, ke abagcotshwa ... Isiphetho Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich Romanov izokwethulwa esihlokweni.

agoge

Mikhail Romanov wazalwa ebusika ekuqaleni ka 1878-th. Yena - uthunjana Alexander III. Ngu ngokulandelana yesihlalo sobukhosi Russian, sasibhekwa eyesithathu. I lokuqala okwakukhona kulo mbusi wesikhathi esizayo uNicholas II no-George.

Young Mihail Ros umfana lisebenza futhi uhlakaniphile. Kusukela esemncane bekulokhu abanothando ihhashi-ogibele, ukuzingela, ezemidlalo kanye yaseshashalazini. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lezi izintandokazi kwanezelwa nokushayela imoto kanye nesithakazelo esiqotho kuzo izingane zezindiza.

Ngokwe-Umlando, uMichael kahle iziphoxi, nesizotha ngisho namahloni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba eyinqaba kanye nentando yeningi. Okungukuthi, ngezinye izikhathi ayethanda inkampani ka abeluleki bakhe, hhayi izihlobo.

Akazange futhi ukhiphe imali ngokuphelele ayibalulekile. Kulokhu, wayebheka abacebe phakathi izikhulu okukhulu.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, wakhulela onesandla esiqinile, epholile cishe Spartan. Ubaba - Umbusi waseRussia, noMaria Feodorovna, unkosikazi ka-Aleksandru III, bamyisa "ngaphandle ngobuthakathaka nozwela olungafanele." Wayefanele athobele umbuso esiqinile kosuku, eyasungulwa ngabazali. Okwathi ngemva kwalokho walala ohlakeni inkambu abavamile. Lapho ngiphaphama, Ngageza abandayo kanye ukudle njengesidlo sasekuseni oatmeal abavamile.

Nsuku zonke, nakanjani, wafundiswa ngezindaba ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo. Prince futhi kwadingeka ukuya ezinkonzweni zesonto futhi afeze ukuvakashela izihlobo. Ngokwemvelo, kokuba yingxenye izenzakalo ezisemthethweni.

Kepha bonke Royals indlela yokuthi wobaba nguye kuphela ukuthi Michael ngesikhathi sokuzalwa wabelwa elite futhi ohlonishwa Preobrazhensky ibutho. Ngemva kweminyaka, kwalotshwa division cuirassier, wabe ephethwe omunye squadrons we ibutho "cuirassiers Blue."

indlalifa

Ngaphambi nje le micimbi ngesikhathi uhambo ngesithuthuthu wafa ngokuzumayo omunye wabazalwane amadala, uMichael George. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwaba ngokuhlasela sofuba. By the way, ngaphambi inkambo izenzakalo, isibonelo: ikhumbule kuye nomfowethu omncane kamuva igama igama lendodana yakhe eyayisanda kuzalwa sika ...

Ngemva kokufa George Michael ngokuzumayo waba indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi, ngoba umkhaya koMbusi uNicholas II ngaleso sikhathi engabanga nandodana.

Michael wathola ingxenye enkulu ifa umfowabo oshonile. Kubandakanya impahla wakhe manje ifa elikhulu futhi Brasov ukuthi ngaphansi Bryansk.

Eqinisweni Okubalulekile: George eyenziwa isihloko "umqhele isikhulu" ngaphandle kukaMikayeli, abakutholanga kulesi sihloko. Empeleni, leli qiniso kuye kwaholela ukuba uhlebe kuya Russian Tsar. Ngokuvamile, umqalisi we lezi zingxoxo kwaba Maria Feodorovna, unkosikazi ka-Aleksandru III, ube Dowager Empress kanye nabasizi bakhe.

Nokho, eqinisweni, umangalela zonke lesi simo Okungishaya lula angabacwasi ukuchaza. Iqiniso liwukuthi, umka autocrat Russian babenethemba lokuthi indodana yakhe sisaqhubeka sibonakala. Futhi lapho, ngo-1904, kwakungasho kwenzeke, uMichael isidlulile ukuba indlalifa yesihlalo. Kodwa manje bekatsatsa isihloko "umbusi wombuso." Babesikisela ukuthi Grand Duke kungenzeka esinjalo, uma umbusi akavumanga. Futhi, ngokulandelana, ngokusho Mikhail isihloko zingase zisebenzise nje indodana yoMbusi ifinyelele yobudala.

iphakethe lensiza yemethadatha

Kuyaphawuleka, nge autocrat noMichael babe nobuhlobo onezinkinga kakhulu futhi kunzima. Futhi ngaphezulu esebenzisa isihluku ngesikhathi Grand Duke isinqumo ukuphetha umshado morganatic nge Natalia Vulfert. Ngoba uthando Eqinisweni, wasenqaba sobukhosi Russian.

Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich Romanov wahlangana nenkosikazi yakhe ikusasa kwelinye imikhosi ngezimali. Ngalesi sikhathi, Natalia kwakunenkosikazi yesazi uLieutenant Gatchina ibutho uVladimir Vulfert. By the way, isikhulu esikhulu usebenze njengomahluleli ube ngumsizi wabaningi, lolu phiko. Phela, ngaphambi Natalia lalingesinye umshado.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kwaqala romance torrid phakathi kokwesikhulu nomkakhe, isikhulu. Lezi ubudlelwano baye basungula amehlo ngokoqobo nabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, babangela ngokumthanda bangempela. Kodwa ngakolunye - umona. abathandi Kuhlangana lula yokuthi isikhulu nomkakhe Natalia ababengalazi isikhathi eside. Bobabili basukele kanyekanye ngomfutho uyakuthanda izithombe.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, amahemuhemu mayelana nendaba wafika kumbusi. Yena akazange asijabulele lezi Gossips emhlabeni nomfowabo omncane. Ngenxa yalokho, uMichael kwadingeka ngibanike umyalo Abezempi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho baya Eagle. Waba umkhuzi Chernigov Hussars. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1909.

Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Michael amthandayo namanje lady oshadile. Akezwa washada esontweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wayekhulelwe Omkhulu Duke. Kodwa lapha amalungelo enzalweni esizayo kwadingeka uLieutenant Vulfert kuphela, umyeni Natalia.

inyanga eyodwa kuphela ngaphambi kokuzalwa komntwana wokuqala isimo sekuye kwashintsha. Nge kwemvume uMbusi yonke imibhalo ngesehlukaniso wayiswa esiGungwini Esingcwele sokuba ukucabangela. Ngenxa yalokho, ehlobo lika-1910 Natalia futhi uVladimir saphela nomfazi. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa kwafika izibulo, futhi uMichael - indodana George.

Imiphumela umshado

Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich Romanov Umlando womuntu ophilako Sekuyisikhathi eside egcwele izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo, azama ukukholisa umfowabo omdala ukuthi amvumele ukuba ashade othandekayo wakhe. Kodwa autocrat Russian wayefuna ulalelwe ngenkani wathi awakwenzayo lungapheli kwemvume yayo. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, bakwenye Isizathu esihle kakhulu. Iqiniso Natalia kwaba noblewoman elula, awusebenzi ifa isihloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena useke washada kabili. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, isehlukaniso bekulokhu isonto njalo.

Nokho, uMichael wayezimisele. Ngo-1912, abathandi ayesengayigcina ngishade. Abuthana ndawonye ngasese endaweni namasonto amancane Austria.

UMbusi wathukuthela wayezama okusemandleni akhe ukuba ukuvimbela umshado wabo. Kuze kube yimanje, uye waqalisa mshini amasevisi yangaphakathi nakwezombusazwe. Bathi konke lokhu nesimo esinzima kwakubangelwa yokuthi Alexandra Feodorovna, unkosikazi yenkosi, babemesaba ngobuqotho uzungu phezu ingxenye Grand Duke. Yayesaba ukuthi Michael uzama ukuketula Nicholas livela esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kule mpi, Grand Duke kwaba onqobile. Kodwa nakhu umthelela lomehluko bebelokhu yinhlekelele kuye. Kwekucala, saphela umbusi, yileyo ibamba. Okwesibili, ukuthi yaxoshwa konke okuthunyelwe kanye izikhundla. Kusukela 1901 th - ke akuseyona Ilungu loMkhandlu State. Okwesithathu, zonke izindlu Grand Duke besesandleni enkantolo. Futhi, wesine, wayengabhekiseli avunyelwa ukuba abuyele ekhaya. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhaya kwesikhulu wakhetha ukuhlala e-Europe.

ukubuya

Izindaba kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala wathola Michael e-UK. Akapholisanga maseko wanquma ukubhala incwadi ukuze umfowabo omdala, lapho bacela imvume yokubuyela emakhaya. Naphezu ubuhlobo ngingakhululeki, umbusi wanikeza ithuba lokuya e-Grand Duke ukuza Russia. Futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, uMichael kwaholela abaningi abadumile Wild Division. Lesi sigaba ngesikhathi, walwa ngezihluthu Galician. Izimpi isikhulu waklonyeliswa eGeorge Cross degree lesine.

Ngalesi sikhathi inkosikazi Natalia wakwazi ukuhlela esibhedlela, eyayisekelwe ku inxuluma yomyeni wakhe. Mansion Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich futhi wabizwa ngokuthi Alekseevskii esigodlweni. Waqala ukwakha emuva ngo-1883. Prince Michael wafisa ukuthi wawufana Chateau French.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Grand Duke imali sesakhiwe futhi "isitimela esibhedlela."

nokubuyisana

Ngo-1915, i-autocrat Russian watimisela kuya yokubuyisana wokugcina Michael. Ngakho Natalia uNikolai wanika isihloko ukubala. Waba Countess Brasova. Yiqiniso, indodana yakhe George futhi wathola ukuthi igama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabonwa yilo mbusi. George ngokusemthethweni baba umshana wakhe. Nakuba ayengenalwazi ilungelo sobukhosi. Kodwa manje, ngemva kokuba uyise uMichael, wayesekhona omunye esiseduzane Russian sobukhosi umuntu.

Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu kamuva, le nsizwa amahle ezithakazelisayo, ushone ngenxa yokulimala akuthola esemncane engozini yemoto.

Ukuya emuva izenzakalo kweMpi Yezwe I, wathi kule nkathi, uMichael waqala sigcine idayari. Lezi okuqoshiwe wakhonza khona kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe kungakabi yisikhathi. Diaries ka Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich Romanov yanyatheliswa muva.

Fronde

Ekupheleni 1916 ezinye izintokazi grand unqume eziphikisana oyinkosi efanelekayo. demarches yabo yayihlanganisa emlandweni kazwelonke njengoba "Fronde kwesikhulu."

Zazifuna ukwazi ukususa kusuka control isimo akusona kuphela ixhegu Rasputin, kodwa iNdlovukazi. nabo bangene ngakho. n. "Inkonzo Zibe Abantu Abadala Abavuthiwe."

Grand Duke Mihail Aleksandrovich, umfowabo inkosi yokugcina, kwaba kakade uyazi umehluko phakathi Romanovs. Futhi lapho Rasputin wabulawa, akazange sisayine incwadi sihlangene ukuze ezinye zezihlobo zayo, ebebebhikisha nesinqumo esiphathelene isiphetho Dmitri Pavlovich. Grand Duke eyayihilelekile ugobe lo mdala.

Kafushane, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich Romanov neze alicebele nomfowabo omdala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalezo zinsuku, wayesefile kakade close kakhulu le nkosi. Nokho, lobu buhlobo uzamile ukusizakala osopolitiki eziningi abakhuzi bempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi ayephila nabo bakhomba indima unkosikazi kuMichael. salon wakhe isibe uhlobo isikhungo ukuthi hhayi kuphela washumayela liberalism, kodwa futhi wabeka phambili umbusi ophakeme okwakufanele abe inkosi.

Manifesto Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich

UMichael efunda Gatchina ukuthi waphula Februwari revolution. Nicholas asiyeke futhi elandelwa nomfowabo omncane. Ukuze abantu besikhathi eziningi candidacy yakhe ethathe ubukhosi owayebonakala emkhulu kuphela kanye best eyodwa ngoba tekutfutfukisa talelive.

Inani amayunithi lempi sebeqalile kakade ukuba afunge Michael II. Kodwa isikhulu yena okwamanje abafuni engozini. Wezempi, abdication lakhe likhiqiza nomphumela kucindezele ngendlela efanayo.

Sezombangazwe Miliukov ophoqa kuye bangayeki amandla. Waze wacela wonke monarchists bayishiye inhloko-dolobha enyakatho futhi iqoqwa eMoscow.

Nokho, ngosuku olulandelayo, ngemuva izingxoxo ezinde, Prince eyanyatheliswa "Manifesto kaMikayeli." Leli phephandaba libike ukuthi isikhulu wayezimisele namanje ukuvuma okwakufunwa sobukhosi. Kodwa kungakenzeki lokho, ukuba ibizwe ababamele LoMhlangano uzosingatha ivoti nezidumile ngokulandelana.

Inkathi ombaxambili

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich Romanov efika e Petrograd wamavukelambuso. Waqhubeka awahlanganyeli ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe, kodwa uhulumeni omusha ukukhumbula khona.

Grand Duke wayezama ukuthola imvume ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Wayefuna ukuthuthela UK. Nokho, uhulumeni wase-Kerensky, amaBolshevik, nezikhulu British baye bakuphikisa ngokunamandla lesi sicelo.

Kuthe kwamqeda Kornilov, uMichael wakhululwa uboshelwa endlini. Kule ejele yena ngiyilahle ekupheleni kuka-September 1917. Ngalesi sikhathi, iKhabhinethi imvumela ukuba aye eCrimea. Kodwa ngemva zonke lezi zenzakalo, wanquma ukuhlala Russia waya Gatchina.

udlame

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngo-Okthoba 1917 kombuso, amaBolshevik wathatha amandla. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile bona yahlakazeka le ababamele Omhlangano ku ivoti ethandwa wayengeyena mbuzo.

Ngalesi sikhathi, Grand Duke Mikhail Romanov namanje e Gatchina. Ngo-March 1918, amandla amasha yesigaba sabasebenzi emthumela Perm.

Ekuqaleni, igama elithi "ukuhamba ngenkululeko" uMichael lutho lwalulinganiselwe phakathi komuzi. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile onogada sezisungule kokuqondisa phezu kwakhe. Futhi ngo-June ngawo lowo nyaka, ebusuku, amaBolshevik owayintshontsha kusukela ehhotela bayiswa ehlathini futhi badutshulwa ...

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, yokuthi lwalesi sibhicongo yimfihlo. Futhi kwakukhona iphepha isiko Grand Duke uhlala Omsk ngoJulayi e Perm amaphephabhuku. Ngokwe newsmen, wahola izihlubuki yeSiberia ...

nabakhohlisi

Ngaleso sikhathi namanje siswele isiqinisekiso esemthethweni kokufa Grand Duke. Ulwazi mayelana kubulawa uNicholas II yanyatheliswa kuyi zonke izinhlelo. Kodwa isiphetho Mikhail ayikaziwa. Ngakho, lokhu innuendo eyaqanjwa amahemuhemu mayelana isiphetho autocrat kuhlulekile. Kwakukhona nabakhohlisi abathi lathatha kuye. Kunoma ikuphi, leyo mithi 'uMichael "okukhulunywa umlobi odumile Alexander uSolzhenitsyn. Abanye babeqiniseka ukuthi isikhulu empeleni akafanga ayecashe ngaphansi kwegama Bishop uSeraphim Pozdeyeva. Kanti abanye baye babonisa ukuthi wasindisa, futhi nimbonile eKiev.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, ngo-2009 Mikhail Romanov ukuthi avuselelwa ngokusemthethweni. Futhi umbuzo ukuthi cabanga kuye umbusi wokugcina waseRoma Russian Michael II, uhlala namanje impikiswano.