Kungani Ivan Grozny okungaka uze ubulale indodana yakhe u-Ivan? Ingabe Ivan Grozny okungaka uze ubulale indodana yakhe na?

I izindlu wobukhosi Julayi 3, 1583 kwenzeka omunye ukubulawa oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke futhi simbe ka ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha. Indodana ka-Ivan le Kubi, Ivan Ivanovich, owabulawa uyise omzalayo. Ngo uthukuthele inkosi enxenxelwa nenzalo yabo ukuthi ibe namandla abasebenzi ethempelini. I hit kwaba eqondile futhi oqinile - isikhulu umqhele lishonele. Okumangalisayo ukuthi indodana Ivan Grozny ibulewe! wayemthanda kakhulu, amadala, omunye lapho amathemba amakhulu, ngoba yesibili ozalweni lwakhe, uTheodore, lokubusa izwe yayingazimisele ukuqala.

Kule minyaka engaphezu kwengu-amane namashumi ayisihlanu zeminyaka yomlando igcwele zinganekwane eziningi, abeke phambili ubuyekezo oluhlukile kwenzekeni. Kusenzima hhayi usethe usuku oluqondile kokufa Umqhele Prince. Abanye abacwaningi baye bacabanga ukuthi le nhlekelele okwenzeka emuva ngo-1581, ngo-November, abanye ukubiza ngo-1582, futhi eyesithathu, okuyinto iningi, namanje abanamathela usuku Julayi 3, 1583. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, izinombolo azibalulekile ngakho, umsebenzi oyinhloko - ukuqonda ukuthi kungani Ivan Grozny okungaka uze ubulale indodana yakhe, futhi uma wambulala.UZimu nhlobo? Zama ukuqonda.

Le nguqulo yokuqala. zezombusazwe

UNikolai Karamzin e "Umlando" yakhe yamemezela ukuthi isikhubekiso phakathi ubaba nendodana baba sezombusazwe. Egcwele enhle intshiseko umqhele isikhulu wafika abazali zabuzwa ukukhululwa kwe Pskov, ukuba axoshe isitha, ukubuyisela nodumo Empire Russian. Ethukuthele, John wamemeza ethi indodana yakhe kanye boyars wafuna dethrone kuye, futhi waphakamisa isandla sakhe. Wazama ukugcina Boris Godunov, kodwa enkosini induku yakhe abukhali wamshaya wohlanga olukhulu amanxeba ambalwa, bese yaphahlazeka inhloko yabangamashumi Umqhele Prince. Wawa, laligcwele igazi. Ukufa Ivan - indodana Ivana Groznogo - lokhu kwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inguqulo Karamzin kubhekwe eyiqiniso, ekuqaleni wabeka phambili nge-Antonio Possevino, inxusa sobupapa, ngubani, obhekwa njengomuntu, kwaba, uma kungekhona ukuthi ubufakazi anegunya lesabelo, akusiyo ncamashi ezimele. Ngakho-ke, ukunemba kulesi sitatimende kungabazeka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba kungekho ezinye ubufakazi ayiqinisekiswanga. Khona-ke kungani Ivan Grozny okungaka uze ubulale indodana yakhe na? Qhubekela phambili.

Eyesibili version. kwansuku zonke

Kuphela ngokusemthethweni inkosi John V wayeshadile okungenani izikhathi eziyisikhombisa. Njengoba wazi, apula uwela emthini eseduze. Ngakho abasha umqhele isikhulu kuyise wazama ukuhambisana. Umkakhe wokuqala eyindodakazi Saburova Eudoxia Bogdanova, ngemva komshado, wayeselahlekelwe ngenkani tonsured njengoba indelakazi. unkosikazi Okwesibili, Feodosiyu Mihaylovu, Solovova indodakazi, wahlupheka nxi - ukuphila kwakhe eqeda esigodlweni. Ngu 1583 Ivan wayeshade indodakazi omncane abazalwane Sheremetyevo, Elena. Ngolunye usuku ekuseni, John V wabona unkosikazi abakhulelwe Crown Prince ifomu okungafanele: ibhande wayengatholi aboshiwe, uhambe uvulekile ukuze owesifazane oshadile akuyona simile. Inkosi yathukuthela ngempama ambalwa ezinhle amagalelo indodakazi. UHelen wawa washayeka, futhi walahlekelwa ikusasa ingane ebusuku. Khona-ke umqhele isikhulu wagijima ekamelweni waqala ukumkhuza uyise, yena wasukuma mayela nomkakhe, ngokuba kwakungenakubalwa kwezisebenzi ethempelini. It kuvela, yingakho-Ivan Grozny wabulala indodana yakhe! Nokho, futhi lapha akucaci. Umbhali kule nguqulo wakhonza zonke okufanayo Antonio Possevino, okuyinto yayinenzuzo adalule nabangenasihawu umbusi synoubiytsey ukuze bagunyaze iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki European. Ngakho kwenzekani ngempela?

Le nguqulo lwesithathu. uthando

I-Russian Tsar eselambe kakhulu lakowesifazana futhi, uma kunobufakazi, akukho isiketi eyodwa aphuthelwe. Ngolunye usuku endaweni ethile e izigceme, wahlangana uHelen, umka Tsarevich Ivan, okuyinto thina kakade wathi, waqala ukumphilisa zihlale. Akwaziwa ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi laba John V snohachom (eRussia eliye lenza ukubizwa ngokuthi umuntu abahlanganyela nowesifazane othile nendodana yakhe), kodwa inkosazana yezinsizwa yamtshela umyeni wakhe mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa futhi wanquma ukuthola ubuhlobo noyise. Yini kuphelile, siyazi. Indodana Ivana Groznogo, u-Ivan, wawa ithempeli Waphuka, nomkakhe ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, wathunyelwa esigodlweni sezindela. Kodwa ingabe zonke kwenzeka ngempela?

Le nguqulo lesine. rebut

Izazi-mlando ezaziphila kamuva kakhulu, Ivan Vasilyevich nendodana yakhe, ukucabanga: "Kodwa uma Ivan Grozny okungaka uze ubulale indodana yakhe na?" Mhlawumbe kungcono nje legend elithakazelisayo? Ngamanye amazwi, disinformation nokunyundela? Ngempela, ngesikhathi synoubiystva Eqinisweni okubangela ukungabaza omkhulu. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani kubalulekile sokungabaza, vula idatha 1883-1885 - isikhathi, lapho kusuka phansi kwesandla umculi odumile Russian Ili Repina kwaba wobuciko "Ivan le Kubi neNdodana yakhe Novemba 16, 1581".

Ukudweba "Ivan Grozny ubulala indodana yakhe?"

Kwaba ngaphansi kwaleli gama laziwa Umdwebo jikelele emphakathini, elibonisa ukuthi Russian Tsar Tsarevich wamshaya igalelo elibulalayo. Ekhaphethini obomvu embozwe amaphethini ithunzi Izingxoxo amanga eduze wagumbuqela sobukhosi aphonswe induku, futhi emakamelweni inhliziyo, izibalo ezimbili ezikhanyayo nobaba, abaqala uzibophezele kuphela umuntu eqhuma uthukuthele ungalungiseki, kanye nendodana uyafa ezandleni zakhe. Yithemba, uthando olungenamkhawulo futhi horror ubuso eveza Ivan Vasilyevich, yena liphindelela ugone Umqhele Prince, zizama ukumisa ukopha ngokubamba isilonda ekhanda lakhe, futhi indodana, nobaba othethelelayo crouches ku esifubeni sakhe. Senile yinkosi ukubukeka izici esebenzisa we ukubukeka e badideke yabo ngesikhathi esifanayo ezidabukisayo futhi scary. ubuso Ivan kuqhathaniswa naso ngaphezulu "zingaphila", ephefumulelwe, futhi ngezifiso. Siyaxolisa ubaba igcwalisa Umqhele Prince, azizwa usuzwa ukuthethelela, sithuthukisa abe ngaphezu kwakho konke izinkanuko ngobala bangakufanelekeli indoda, futhi yaba imbangela yokufa kwakhe, ahlanze umphefumulo. Yilokho ikhombisa mdwebo "Ivan Grozny ubulala indodana yakhe."

Ukudalelwa umkhiqizo Repin

Manje kuwebhu lilondolozwe eMoscow, Tretyakov Igalari. Iqembu izishoshovu Orthodox nezazi-mlando ngo-2013 ucele ukuyisusa lapho, ngoba kwehlisa imizwa yokushisekela izwe we baseRussia. Lesi sicelo senqatshwa. Mangisho, lena akuyona Esigamekweni sokuqala Umdwebo. Lapho kuqala wethulwa emphakathini ngo-13 embukisweni abajikelezayo, bonke Petersburg kwaba agog. Izethameli ngokoqobo uwuvimbezele isakhiwo lapho Umdwebo hung. mpikiswano eshubile Were: i nezihlakaniphi futhi intsha okuqhubekayo bayahlonishwa ngokushesha, kuyilapho abanye Petersburgers adabuka: "ungakwazi kanjani synoubiystvo" Phakathi kwalabo ukusebenza akakuthandanga kwaba uMbusi u-Alexander III, ngenxa ka-April 1, 1885 ke wawuwuvimbele umbukiso. Kwakuthinta sithombe sokuqala usebhekene eMbusweni Russian zazihlolwa. Nokho, ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu ngesicelo eduze enkantolo A. Bogolyubov usuvuliwe.

Futhi uma kubulawa?

On lokhu embukisweni efanayo Petersburg ngo-1885, lo mdwebo "Ivan Grozny ubulala indodana yakhe" wabonwa evelele sazi Russian futhi umbusi induna esiGungwini Esingcwele, uKonstantin Pobedonostsev. Wayelethwa bacasulwa indaba yakhe, ngoba, ngokombono wakhe, eqanjiwe lidlule off njengendaba eyiqiniso. Pobedonostsev wabhala Alexander III incwadi athi kuyo ukuthi omuhle wobuciko angeke ngokuthi mlando ngoba emelelwa okwamanje kwenzelwe nje kumnandi. Wakwenza njani lokho? Thina sonke isikhathi wayekhuluma mayelana nokubulawa Tsarevich Ivan Vasilyevich John njengenhlangano Eqinisweni obungenakuphikwa, ngisho izincwadi esikoleni ebhaliwe mayelana nalokhu isibonelo salokho unya ovelele autocracy Russian. Hhayi kuze kube sekupheleni kwacaca nje kungani Ivan Grozny okungaka uze ubulale indodana yakhe. Futhi yeka ukuthi konke lokhu kwaziswa siwela izincwadi zomlando, akekho wacabanga.

senzakalo esiphawulekayo

Ngo-1913, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa yinto engaziwayo ku Tretyakov Igalari. Lapho imidwebo Okubukwe Ili Repina "Ivan le Kubi neNdodana yakhe Novemba 16, 1581" umdwebi Abrama Balashov wamemeza: "Hheyi igazi omningi" Wabe wadilika Umdwebo ngommese ashaywe ke. Ngokushesha Repin efika e Moscow kanye Igorem Grabarem, umfundi zakhe zangaphambili futhi ngumbuyiseli abadumile, ukuze kabusha. I cindezela sizame umdwebo wathola impendulo olunzulu ukuthi sahlela ngisho kunenkulumo mpikiswano mayelana isihloko kanjani abantu abavamile libhekisela isithombe yezikhulu wasebukhosini. kungazelelwe Repin asolwa ngokwakha ingqondo ngamabomu abantu ubudlova nokuntuleka ukuqonda isimo sekukhona eRussia. Umdwebi kwaba idideke futhi icasuke kakhulu. Uthi uphatheke kabi futhi wanquma ukulishiya eMoscow, ngeke ahambe kulo muzi.

Afa ngaso Tsarevich?

Metropolitan Ladoga futhi Petersburg, John, encwadini yakhe ethi "Autocracy Nomoya" kunqatshelwe ukubulawa wathi ekutheni ukufa indodana Ivana Groznogo weza ngenxa yokugula kakhulu. Ngempela, walondoloza izincwadi zomlando akuyona izwi mayelana synoubiystve. Kodwa wembula izinto eziningi, esiqinisa ukuthi isikhulu umqhele wayeshone ngenxa ushevu. B. Manyagin emsebenzini wakhe kusukela ngo-2003, "Umholi iBandla ukuba nenkani" wabhala ukuthi Ivan wadliswa ushevu ne sublimate ezonakalisayo - ushevu kubangela ukufa okubuhlungu uma ulithathe imali 0.18 amagremu.

lokumbiwa

Ngo Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral ezibiyele ngo-1963, bavula ethuneni ezine: umlawuli Skopin-Shumsky, Tsarevich Ivan, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, Tsar Fedor Ivanovich. Phakathi izinsalela cwaningo, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi zonke izinhlaka zamathambo amane equkethe amanani cishe kulingana arsenic, futhi ingeqi kuyinsakavukela. Nokho, amathambo Tsarevich Ivan futhi Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich wathola khona mercury ngemithamo kunalelo kuyinsakavukela kuvunyelwe. Ezinye izazimlando ziye wagomela ukuthi akukhona ushevu, kanye nemiphumela ekwelapheni ugcunsula nge mercury wamafutha. Kodwa ngenxa izifundo abuthole izinguquko syphilitic e izinsalela abameleli asebukhosini.

amaqiniso amasha

Ngo-1990, ucwaningo lwenziwe nemingcwabo omkhulu eMoscow queens namakhosazana. Ngenxa yalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi Elena Glinskaya, umama Ivana Groznogo, owashona ngo-1538, futhi Anastasia Romanova, kumkakhe wokuqala, owashona ngo-1560-m, baye seyonakaliswe chloride mercuric. Okungukuthi, umkhaya wasebukhosini waba yisisulu ubuthi amashumi eminyaka. Idatha kusuka lezi kanye nezinye izifundo kwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi lokubulala indodana Ivana Groznogo uyise siqu - into eqanjiwe, kodwa eqinisweni wayekade anobuthi, bakhetha lokhu incazelo ukuthi uhlala okuqukethwe ushevu budlula umkhawulo kuvunyelwe izikhathi eziningi. Ngakho ukulandisa isayensi synoubiystve sebekubeke ophika.