UMongameli Martin Van Buren: Biography

US President Ikusasa Martin Van Buren wazalwa ngo-1782. Wazalwa edolobhaneni Kinderhuk. Kwakuwusuku edolobheni Dutch Awukude eNew York. uyise kukaMartin kwaba umnikazi senceku futhi umnikazi ethaveni. Nge Van Buren umsuka balandisa ngezinye yakhe "amarekhodi kamongameli." Ngokwesibonelo, wayebhekwa kuphela American wombuso, ulimi kabani bomdabu akuyona English, futhi i-Dutch. Futhi, Martin Van Buren kwaba umongameli wokuqala owazalwa ngo-Independent States okusha.

umsebenzi wezepolitiki

Ngo 1821, Van Buren wakhethwa ukuba isiGele. Wagijima abavela eDemocratic-Republican Party e-New York. Ngesisekelo ohlelweni lwakhe zezombusazwe yayiyisikhathi izintela ezimba eqolo ukugxekwa isiphakamiso ukunikeza uthi izwe okwakungokwenkosi wonke umbuso.

Martin Van Buren kwaba umhlobo Endryu Dzheksona. Lapho ngo-1829 waba umongameli wase-United States, wenza uNobhala lephalamende zombuso. E Buren babenegunya elikhulu izingxabano nozakwethu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngemva kweminyaka emibili Jackson wammisa inxusa eLondon. Ngokushesha sezombusazwe waphindela kwelakubo (efuna e iSigele). Ngo 1832, Martin Van Buren Kwabuye kwaba nembangi iphini likamengameli ngaphansi Andrew Jackson. Democrats ophumelele okhethweni. Ngemva kwalokho, Van Buren eminye iminyaka emine kwaba isiqu sesibili isimo.

Ukukhethwa uMongameli

Ngo-1836 Van Buren yena wagijima umongameli futhi ngek nabaphikisi ezintathu, baba ngundlalifa Jackson. Isikhundla e Office Okusaqanda , wazihlanganisa ngoMashi ka-1837. Van Buren wasigcina izikhundla ezisemqoka zikahulumeni cishe bonke abantu ukuthi wasebenza ngaphansi eyandulela wakhe.

New ubudala uhulumeni kwakudingeka abhekane nesimiso ngemiphumela Panic ka 1837 - yigama lolungakahleleki wabe esenikwa zenzeka e-US tetemnotfo. Inkinga yayina kakhulu lapho, ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu recession kuleli zwe waya amabhange eziningana yimali kanye esikalini sabantu abangasebenzi safinyelela emazingeni irekhodi.

Izinkinga kanye nokuhluleka

Njengoba umengameli, Martin Van Buren bavikela ngenkuthalo yamanani ongaphakeme futhi ukuhweba khulula. Ukunakwa main wakhokha ezinkingeni American South, ogama ukwesekwa wawubalulekile ukuba balondoloze amandla e-Democratic Party. INhloko State wakwazi ukwakha uhlelo isibopho, ogama njongo kwaba ukulungisa isikweletu sezwe.

Naphezu kwemizamo Van Buren, Democratic yakhe Party kwaba esibucayi. Kwakuyisikhathi yokuhlukanisa okubangelwa kwehlukana yokubukwa sendlela yokubhekana nezinkinga zomnotho. A umphumela walo oqondile waba lokhu kudideka okungaphakathi kwaba ukwehluleka umengameli ezama ukuletha ekuphileni umqondo "UMgcinimafa Independent." Ngokusho Van Buren, kwakudingekile ukuba izwe, ukuze zehlukanise phakathi izimali zomphakathi amabhange engazinzile. Ngo-1840, i-ihlukaniswe Democratic Party sinqatshiwe umthethosivivinywa, okwakuwuphawu ukunqotshwa ebulalayo ezombusazwe White House.

ebugqilini

Nakuba Van Buren wasebenza Senate kwakhe ezathi aziwuthandi esebenzayo anti-ebugqilini imizamo (isibonelo, ukwenziwa yokuthi Missouri ayibonwa nceku ithi). Konke lokhu wanika Inqubomgomo idumela ezithile. Ngo-1848, lapho kungaba nembangi likaMengameli we "Mahhala Soil Party" (imele ukuqedwa ngokuphelele lobugqila).

Naphezu ukulandelana langaphambilini, ekubeni inhloko yoMbuso, Van Buren uye kancane washintsha isikhundla salo. Njengoba umengameli, naye wayekholelwa ukuthi ubugqila hhayi kuphela kugunyazwe kuMthethosisekelo, kodwa futhi abazalwa lesifanele. Ngisho esathatha umhlalaphansi, kepha wabuye wagxeka ababagqilazayo yokuma labamnyama. Njengoba Van Buren yena empeleni kwakuwukugcwaliseka Dutch, kusukela esemncane wafunda ukukhulumisana abantu kwamaqembu ezinhlanga zenhlalo ezahlukene. Yingakho kuba ngezindlela eziningi futhi uye baphumelele ngendlela efanele usaqala kwenkonzo yakhe zezombusazwe, uma usebenzisa charm yayo siqu lifikile White House. Ngesikhathi u-Van Buren kwaba abadumile inceku siphambeko umkhumbi "Amistad" (lo mcimbi lunikezelwe ifilimu eponymous Stivena Spilberga).

Winning Harrison

Ngo-1840 Van Buren uzophinde abe ikhandidethi Democratic Party ngendlela ukhetho olusha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkampani baqhubeka sisole likamengameli isimo esinzima kwezomnotho ukwehluleka yokulungisa lesi simo. Kakade komasipala eyinhloko wabonisa ukuthi ukuthandwa Democrats kwehle kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, Martin Van Buren, ogama biography kwakubonakala uyamukeleka amaqembu kakhulu, kwaba nembangi kabusha ukhetho e-White House.

Abaphikisi eyinhloko umongameli kwenzakala Jikelele Uilyam Garrison, nobemele i-Whigs. Van Buren wahlulwa. Ukusho goodbye kuya e-White House, wathi wakhululeka ukuthi ukuphila kwakhe lwaba olujabulisa izinsuku ezimbili: ngosuku engena Office Okusaqanda, futhi ngosuku lapho ephuma kuwo.

Okuxakayo ukuthi la Inkosikazi kamongameli we-United States ngawo-1837-1841 sika. Kwakungekhona umka muntu wokuqala, futhi indodakazi yakhe. Martin Van Buren, ogama umndeni ngasinda le nhlekelele ngo-1819, waba umfelwa ngemva kokufa uHana umkakhe. UMengameli wayengazimisele indodana ka-Abrahama. Umkakhe, u-Angelica (indodakazi likamengameli) wazala Lady Okokuqala. Lokhu kwaba awufani emlandweni we-US.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngemva kokushonelwa amandla, Van Buren wenze imizamo eminingana ukuze uwine ngokhetho. Bonke kuhlulekile. Nakuba cishe bonke ababephikisa ngezigqila 1850s bajoyine entsha Republican Party, i lowo owayengumengameli akazange akwenze lokhu, futhi wahlala phakathi kwababusi Democrats. Ngo 1852 amsekela ukuqokwa Franklin Pierce, futhi 1856 - Jakobe Buchanan.

Lapho US Yombango waqala, Van Buren uye bavuma obala ubuqotho bakhe-Union (ie uthi enyakatho). Wabuye waba uHeinrich Lincoln, uzama ukuvimba koqhekeko ne South. Ngo-1861, impilo Van Buren sika saqala ukwehla. Ekwindla, waqhamuka samakhaza. Julayi 24, 1862 sezombangazwe wabulawa somoya eneminyaka engu-engu-79. umongameli lesishiyagalombili US wangcwatshwa Kinderhuke lwakubo (ibid zonke izihlobo zakhe eduze bangcwatshwa).

Kuyinto ukwazi ukuthi emlandweni edumile wamshiyela ezinye Martin Van Buren Bates. Wayengumuntu giant lokukwazi (nge ukukhula 241 isentimitha), owaphila ekhulwini XIX futhi babe Sibonga ethandwa lizobona emhlabeni wonke. Ukudida ke nomongameli, Nokho, akulungile.