Uyini noosphere? imfundiso Vernadsky sika we noosphere

Imfundiso kaZiqu-noosphere ihlanganisa eziningi paradigms ezibonakala kuncane eyala ezivamile: nefilosofi, ezomnotho, yokuma komhlaba. Yini eyingqayizivele ngalokhu umqondo?

Indaba le eside

Yileyo noosphere, uqale watshela izwe ezincwadini zakhe French sezibalo Eduard Lerua ngo-1927. Ngeminyaka embalwa nje ngaphambi kokuya izinkulumo ezimbalwa ezivelele usosayensi Russian Vladimira Ivanovicha Vernadskogo, ngokuphathelene izinkinga Geochemistry (futhi biogeochemistry). Noosphere - isimo okhethekile uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, lapho indima ebalulekile udlalwa umqondo womuntu. Umuntu usebenzisa ingqondo, kudala "yizenzo" ngaphezu ekhona.

Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba ngokwayo luyingxenye yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, i-noosphere - namanje umphumela kwemvelo ezenzeka ngokuvumelana iketango ezilandelayo: ukuthuthukiswa zomhlaba - lo linganisa - ukubukeka indoda - futhi, ekugcineni, ukuvela kwezinhlobo zalo noosphere. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imiqondo Vernadsky, abacwaningi bathi, akukho impendulo ecacile yalo mbuzo othi: "I noosphere osuvele unawo, noma ngeke nje avele?" Usosayensi ngesikhathi esifanayo esikisela ukuba ngesikhathi lapho kuba umzukulu omdala, kanti nengqondo yomuntu futhi lokusungula zayo kungenzeka nokukhiqiza ubuyona ngokugcwele. Futhi kungase kube uphawu ongaqondile kwavela noosphere.

umqondo Vernadsky

imfundiso Vernadsky sika we noosphere, njengoba ososayensi bakholelwa, bekulindeleke ngokunembile kusayithi "yokuziphendukela kwemvelo" lapho uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; uba noosphere. UVladimir Ivanovich, encwadini yakhe ethi "Scientific ngomcabango njengoba Phenomenon yemihlaba," ubhala ukuthi ukwedlulela uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli phakathi noosphere kungenzeka lapho le nqubo kuthonywa umcabango ngokwesayensi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi baphawula, Vernadsky ezikhonjwe izimo ezimbalwa ukuthi ukubonakala noosphere. Phakathi kwabo, isibonelo, komnikazi egcwele abantu emhlabeni (futhi hhayi nje ukuhlala kuleli cala, isikhala ukuze isimiso semvelo). Kuphinde futhi kube ngcono zokuxhumana kanye nokwaziswa exchange phakathi kwabantu ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba (futhi lokhu ngiyabonga kwi-Inthanethi usuvele unayo). Noosphere kungenzeka uma nokwakheka eMhlabeni ngeke kakhulu incike kumuntu kunokuba ngemvelo.

abalandeli Concept ososayensi

Ososayensi ezindaweni ezahlukene, ukwazi izimfundiso Vernadsky nabalandeli bakhe ukuthi noosphere, wadala imiqondo ezimbalwa, ukuthuthukisa postulates eziyisisekelo abacwaningi Russian. Ngokusho AD-Ursula, isibonelo, noosphere - uhlelo lapho zokuziphatha amagugu ingqondo ezihambisana ukuhlakanipha, isintu ngeke ukuzibonakalisa indaba kuqala. Esikhathini noosphere ngu-Ursula yesintu icwile ngokuvumelana nemvelo, ikumodi iqhaza ngokuhlanganyela inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Uma isifundiso noosphere Vernadsky kusho ukunyamalala okukhethekile we uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli ke, njengoba kwaphawula u-izazi zanamuhla, umqondo abalobi lanamuhla zihlanganisa umqondo wokuthi noosphere futhi uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, cishe, uzoqhubeka khona ngesikhathi esifanayo. Omunye nenqubo kungenzeka nokuba khona noosphere - ngokuvumelana izazi zanamuhla - kungenzeka ukufeza umkhawulo lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu, ezingeni esiphezulu ukuthuthukisa tikhungo tetenhlalo netemnotfo. Kukhona kuphoqelelwa aphakeme kanye nemagugu emasiko.

noosphere Ukuxhumana kanye womuntu

Indoda le noosphere lihlotshaniswa kakhulu ngqo. Kuyinto ngenxa yezenzo zesintu futhi ukugxilisa ingqondo yakhe ivela noosphere (imfundiso Vernadsky lithi kumayelana ke). Kukhona okuqinisekile ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni we komhlaba planethi. Man, ukudala indawo ethize bona, ukuthatha ingxenye imisebenzi uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Abantu esikhundleni engokwemvelo, into selivele likhona nemvelo, yokufakelwa. Kukhona indawo lapho indima ebalulekile udlalwa ngu zikagesi.

Kukhona namathafa ngokuphinde usebenzisa ephethwe ngabantu ezahlukene imishini. Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukuthi noosphere - emkhakheni kwengqondo yomuntu? Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi yizenzo zomuntu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi kuxhomeke ukuqonda kwakhe indlela umhlaba usebenza. Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi isinyathelo, ukuzama, ukwenza amaphutha. Ingqondo, uma unamathela kulo mqondo, cishe uyoba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe njengoba enjalo, kodwa hhayi isimo umthelela esimeme phezu uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli ukuze siguqulwa le noosphere.

Anthroposphere futhi Technosphere

Imfundiso ye-noosphere ngemisebenzi ososayensi abathile eduze zithandelana neminye imibandela emibili. Okokuqala, "anthroposphere". Umqondo abhekisela endimeni nendawo yomuntu, kanye nemisebenzi yayo emkhathini. Anthroposphere - iqoqo sphere zokuphila ezingokwenyama le planethi, sokuthuthukisa okuyinto kuphela umuntu obhekene. Okwesibili, kuba "technosphere". Zimbili nekuhumusha okushiwo eside. Esokuqala siwukuthi lesi simanga - lena icala ekhethekile anthroposphere incazelo.

Technosphere - iqoqo izindawo umsebenzi womuntu, okuyinto ehilelekile inqubo. Kungaba njengoba iplanethi uqobo, futhi isikhala. Ngokwe incazelo yesibili Technosphere - iyona ingxenye isimiso semvelo, okuyinto kuyehluka ngenxa inqubo nokuxhumana womuntu. Kukhona ngenhlanhla iqembu lososayensi ubani ukuhlonza technosphere futhi noosphere, futhi kukhona abacwaningi ekuqondeni okuyinto Technosphere - Lesisemkhatsini phakathi uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli kanye noosphere.

noosphere ukucabanga

Kanye welithi "noosphere" yigama elihlobene ne uhlobo oluthile ukucabanga. Yena esanda kutholakala. Kumayelana ukucabanga noosphere. It is, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, libhekene izici eziningana ethize. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kubo - ngezinga eliphezulu criticality. Okulandelayo - yangaphakathi isethaphu indoda yokuthuthukisa uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, ekwakhiweni komnotho, nengxenye kule. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphikelela ukucabanga noosphere - the kuqala umphakathi phezu yangasese (ikakhulukazi ekuxazululeni izinkinga ngokwesayensi). Lesi sifiso ukuxazulula engavamile hhayi ixazululwe ngokuthi yimuphi umsebenzi. Enye ingxenye yesigaba sokubhekela ukucabanga noosphere - isifiso ukuqonda okushiwo izinqubo ezenzeka ngokwemvelo futhi umphakathi.

imfundo noosphere

Phakathi ososayensi kukhona umbono ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu beyizidlova ecabanga ngemvelo noosphere. Baningi abantu futhi engazi ukuthi lokho noosphere. Nokho, abacwaningi bakholelwa, indoda ingase ifundiswe ubuciko ukuthuthukiswa lolu hlobo lokucabanga. Lokhu kumele kwenzeke ngaphansi kohlaka okubizwa ngokuthi imfundo noosphere. I yagxila ukuqeqeshwa ibekwe phezu amakhono ubuchopho bomuntu.

Ngokwe theorists imfundo noosphere, abantu kumele bafunde ukuze sikhuthaze kwavela nezifiso omuhle, bafisa ukuba ngokuvumelana nemvelo, isifiso ukuqonda okushiwo injongo izinqubo ezenzeka emphakathini. Uma isifiso esihle, njengoba abadali lo mqondo Kunenkolelo ukuletha kwinqubomgomo kanye nekhambi kwezinkinga zezomnotho, isintu uzokwenza kuyisinyathelo esikhulu phambili.

Umqondo Teilhard de Chardin

Ngo indatshana yakhe "The Phenomenon yomuntu," usosayensi French Per Teyyar de Chardin esebeké phambili eziningana izimfundiso zefilosofi ezingamanga, ezithinta lo mkhuba le noosphere. Chaza kafushane ngangokunokwenzeka: abantu akazange nje amelane nalokho yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kodwa injini yayo. Ngokusho imiqondo usosayensi, umthombo oyinhloko ingqondo - ke ingumfanekiso, ikhono lomuntu ukwazi uqobo. Theory ka umqondo Teilhard de Chardin futhi Vernadsky sika ihlanganisa umbono yokubukeka komuntu. Bobabili ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi abantu akhethekile ihluke kwezinye izidalwa ngesizathu ukuziqaphela ubuntu. Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi ukuqonda noosphere ngokuvumelana Teilhard de Chardin ukuthi usebenza nge imiqondo ezifana "Superman" futhi "isikhala."

Lapho isimiso semvelo kungenzeka ibe noosphere

Imfundiso kaZiqu-noosphere kuhlobene ne uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukwedlulela eyodwa sphere ukuba omunye angathatha indawo imodi ekhethekile yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngokusho definition ezidumile linganisa - kuyinto uhlelo olunikeza imisebenzi ebalulekile yale planethi. It akha eziphilayo nemisebenzi yazo kuthinte inzuzo izici ezihlukahlukene futhi amakhemikhali. Ngokuhamba kwemvelo kwemvelo uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli ukulungiselela base ukuvela impucuko wesintu, abantu baye got ukusebenzisa izitshalo, namaminerali.

Ngokuhamba ukuthuthukiswa, esikhundleni salokho, impucuko womuntu, baye bathola amathuluzi ngayo nefunda ngayo wathola ithuba ukuthonya phezu uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Phakathi ososayensi kukhona inguqulo ngenkathi lo mphumela yayingabalulekile - izidingo zabantu akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-1% umnotho uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Kodwa inani elandayo ekuthuthukiseni ukungalingani: i-Jikelele Lwamakheli is kancane kancane ikhono ukunikeza bonke abantu kudingeka ngokuphelele. Abantu ibhekene nesidingo ukuze uthole into Angikwazanga ukunikeza Jikelele Lwamakheli bebodwa. Futhi lapho inani nokwaneliswa kuyoba yokuthi abantu ngeke usaba ukusebenzisa imithombo yengcebo uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, ngaleso sikhathi kuyoba khona i-noosphere.

Inani izimfundiso noosphere ngesayensi

imfundiso Vernadsky sika we noosphere kakhulu iphazamiseke ukwahlulelwa impucuko izinqubo ucwaningo amaphrofayli ahlukahlukene. Ukwazi lokho okufundiswa noosphere (noma okungenani ngokuletha ngokwami sokuqonda lokhu mkhuba), ososayensi yesimanje zimi ingaba yithuluzi eliwusizo evumela ukuthi wena ukwakha amamodeli we planethi esikhathini esizayo at. Into efana lokhu kungenzeka Vernadsky empeleni ukubikezela ukuvela kwi-Inthanethi, futhi abanye impumelelo lenhlalo yomphakathi kanye nomnotho. Umqondo noosphere kwekhulu lama-20, yenza ukuba ososayensi babe zanamuhla sokuqonda kwemvelo. Izimpawu zokuqala isixwayiso ukubukeka okungenzeka noosphere Emhlabeni sebevele Paleolithic kanye Mesolithic. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi womuntu elihlobene ne umthelela uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, kukhuphuke kuphela. A umfutho onamandla ukuba ukuguqulwa noosphere uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; kwaba Industrial Revolution ekhulwini le-19, namuhla komncane isici unethonya elingakanani kwi-Inthanethi. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi isintu elinde izindlela ezingcono yokuxhumana kanye nobuchwepheshe.