Uyini isilinganiso umswakama futhi kanjani it kunqunywe?

Umjikelezo wamanzi usinika ngokwemvelo - ke ingenye izinqubo esibaluleke kunazo zonke imvilophi womhlaba. Kusekelwe - izinqubo ezimbili ezihlobene: moistening yomhlaba ebusweni kwezulu kanye ukuhwamuka therefrom emkhathini umswakama. Zombili lezi zinqubo is ngokuqondile amafutha isici ngoba insimu ethile. Uyini isilinganiso umswakama kanye uwuchaza kanjani? Yilokhu kuzoxoxwa kule iphepha elimhlophe.

Isici amafutha: Definition

indawo humidification kanye ukuhwamuka umswakama kusukela ubuso bayo emhlabeni wonke zibheke endaweni efanayo. Noma kunjalo, umbuzo ukuthi Ukuncipha isici emazweni ehlukene zezwe ukuhlangabezana ngezindlela ezihlukene kakhulu. Futhi umqondo ngendlela ekwakhiweni enjalo samukelwa kuwo wonke amazwe. Isibonelo, lokhu "kwezulu-ukuhwamuka isilinganiso" e-United States, ukuthi kungenziwa ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi njengoba "Inkomba (ratio) ogelezayo nokumanzisa kanye ukuhwamuka."

Kodwa namanje, ukuthi isici Ukuncipha? Lena ubuhlobo ocacile phakathi inani imvula kanye ukuhwamuka ezingeni kule ndawo isikhathi esibekiweko. Ifomula kuhlaziywa lesi isilinganiso sisobala:

K = G /,

lapho Q - inani imvula (ngamamilimitha);

A no - ukubaluleka ukuhwamuka (futhi ngamamilimitha).

izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze ekutholeni isilinganiso

Indlela ukucacisa umswakama isici? Okwamanje, kukhona izindlela ezahlukene mayelana 20.

Ezweni lethu (kanye elaliyiSoviet Union), ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa indlela yokunquma ezihlongozwayo Georgiem Nikolaevichem Vysotskim. Lena oluvelele usosayensi Ukrainian, geobotanist nomhlabathi usosayensi, umsunguli wesayensi yehlathi. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe wabhala ezingaphezu kuka-200 amaphepha isayensi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi e-Europe kanye e-United States zisebenzisa Tortveyta isici. Nokho, indlela yokubala yayo kuba yinkimbinkimbi futhi has nezihibe siqu.

Ukunqunywa isici

Ukuze ubone ukuthi izinga nesimo sendawo akunzima. Cabangela leli su yilesi sibonelo esilandelayo.

Sikhishwe ndawo, okuyiwona ufuna ukubala Coefficient moistening. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-ngonyaka kule ndawo ithola 900 mm imvula, kodwa ahwamuka ke ngesikhathi esifanayo isikhathi - 600 mm. Ukubala isilinganiso kufanele ihlukaniswe kwezulu ukuhwamuka, isb 900/600 mm. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola ukubaluleka 1.5. Lokhu kuyoba isici Ukuncipha le nsimu.

Ivanov-Ukuncipha isici Vysotskiy kungenzeka elilingana nobunye, ngezansi noma ngenhla 1. Ngakho uma:

• K = 0, bese umswakama endaweni kubhekwa esanele;
• K mkhulu kuno-1, bese umswakama ngokweqile;
• K lingaphansi kuka 1 lo hydration enganele.

Inani lale inkomba Yiqiniso, kuzoncika lokushisa endaweni ethile, kanye nenani kwezulu asemkhathini wonyaka.

Yingani kumele usebenzise amafutha isici?

Ivanov-factor Vysotsky - lokhu kuyinto kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu kwesimo sezulu. Phela, uyakwazi ukunikeza isithombe amanzi ezindaweni. Lesi isilinganiso kumelwe for ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo, kanye jikelele ukuhlela indawo kwezomnotho.

Iphinde inquma lizinga ukoma sezulu: ayanda kunjalo, isimo sezulu zinomswakama. Ezindaweni nge umswakama obuningi bekulokhu inala amachibi namaxhaphozi. Izimila ubuswa Grassland kanye ihlathi kwezimila.

Amanani esiphezulu Coefficient sici for ezindaweni sezintaba (ephakeme kunaleyo 1000-1200 amamitha). Lapha, njengoba umthetho, kukhona ngokweqile umswakama, ongafinyelela 300-500 amamilimitha angu ngonyaka! Inani elifanayo umswakama asemkhathini uthola asemaqeleni zone wonyaka. Coefficient umswakama ezifundeni entabeni kuze kube amagugu esiphezulu: 1.8-2.4.

umswakama ngokweqile futhi ebonwe ehlathini zemvelo, emathafeni, ihlathi emathafeni futhi athokomele amahlathi lezihlahla. Kulezi zindawo, akukho kuka 1.5 isilinganiso. Endaweni ihlathi ke zokhahlamba kusuka 0.7 kuya 1.0, kodwa ezindaweni asemaqeleni bekulokhu enganele moistening endaweni (K = 0.3-0.6).

Amanani Ubuncane ogelezayo nokumanzisa nobuntu semi ehlane endaweni (mayelana 0.2-0.3) futhi ehlane zone (0.1).

Coefficient umswakama eRussia

Russia - zwe elikhulukazi, esibonakala by ezihlukahlukene izimo zezulu. Uma sikhuluma hydration isilinganiso, inani layo ngaphakathi Russia ayahlukahluka kusuka 0.3 1.5. Umswakama okuncane kakhulu nasemkhakheni iCaspian esifundeni (mayelana 0.3). Esikhathini asemaqeleni kanye ihlathi-asemaqeleni zone lisetudlwana - 0.5-0.8. Ubuningi hydration ezingavamile-emathafeni esifundeni, futhi ezindaweni entabeni zaseCaucasia, e-Altai zase-Ural.

Manje uyazi ukuthi Ukuncipha isici. Lona kwakuwumsebenzi kuyinkomba ebaluleke, okuyinto ifeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umnotho kazwelonke kanye nezolimo. Lokhu isici isikhathi kuxhomeke ezinhlotsheni ezimbili abakuzuzile inani imvula futhi evapotranspiration amavolumu phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi.