Umjikelezo wamanzi usinika ngokwemvelo

Umjikelezo wamanzi usinika ngokwemvelo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-umjikelezo hydrologic, uchaza ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo namanzi amaningi eMhlabeni, futhi ngaphezu nangaphansi ke. Nakuba ibhalansi amanzi Emhlabeni uhlala azizange zishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-molecule yamanzi angabeka ziyafika zidlule ekhaya ke. Amanzi uhamba, isibonelo emfuleni noma olwandle olwandle emkhathini nge izinqubo zemvelo ezifana ukuhwamuka, ukufingqa, kwezulu, kokuziphatha, a abakhwabanisi, futhi nge komhlaba notshwala. Amanzi sidlula izigaba ezahlukene: ketshezi, okuqinile (ice) kanye gaseous (umusi).

Umjikelezo wamanzi kuhlanganisa ukudlulisela ukushisa, okuholela nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho amanzi vaporizes bumunca ukushisa kusukela imvelo futhi epholisa wona. Lapho-ke uba, inikeza off ukushisa kanye heats imvelo. Lokhu ukushisa kuthinta isimo sezulu. Umjikelezo wamanzi usinika ngokwemvelo buhlobene futhi izinqubo Geological Emhlabeni (ukuguguleka komhlabathi kanye sedimentation). Futhi ekugcineni, sibonga kuye, yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe futhi ukuzinza kweMvelo Emhlabeni.

incazelo

Umjikelezo wamanzi usinika ngokwemvelo izingane ziqala ukuchaza ngisho esikoleni samabanga aphansi, ngakho wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ilanga, sibonga lapho kwenzeka, heats amanzi olwandle nezilwandle. I amanzi iyasha kanye umusi ingena emoyeni. Ice neqhwa kungaba sublimate ngqo umhwamuko, ngokudlula esigabeni ketshezi. Futhi, ukuhwamuka amanzi izitshalo nomhlabathi.

Updrafts ukukhulisa umusi emkhathini, lapho okushisa aphansi abakubangelayo uphenduke zibe amafu. Air imisinga ukuthwala amanzi umusi emhlabeni wonke, amafu kungqubuzana, ukhule, futhi lamanzi liphuma izingqimba engenhla isimo ifomu kwezulu. Ezinye zazo zingagcinwa ngesimo zeqhwa, okuyinto ukugcina amanzi ayiqhwa izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Iningi amanzi esebuyela olwandle noma ezweni ngesimo imvula, ukwehla nokugeleza kwawo ukwakha. Amanzi emifula emifuleni, bese - ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle. Imvula komhlaba kancane eqoqwe igcwele amachibi. Nokho, iningi is angena phansi futhi lingene: lingena shí phansi futhi kuvuselela aquifers, okuyizinto amadamu amanzi ahlanzekile. khathizwe ababhekene nesimo esinje kungabaduduza eseduze kwamanzi, amanzi kungenzeka seep emuva - iziphethu ngakho kwakhiwa. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amanzi abuyele olwandle, lapho iqala.

Nezinqubo umjikelezo wamanzi kwenzeka ngokwemvelo:

kwezulu

Iningi kwezulu uwela njengoba imvula. Ezinye izinhlobo: iqhwa, isichotho, inkungu, ingele futhi oluthile lokudla. Kwezulu yonyaka imayelana 505.000 cubic amakhilomitha yamanzi uhlobo kwezulu.

ukucabhela kwezulu

Inzika, eyayibonakala ingavimbelwa isitshalo amahlamvu, ekugcineni iyasha emuva emkhathini, futhi musa kuwele phansi.

ancibilike amanzi

Amanzi ageleza esuka encibilika iqhwa.

cwenga

ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene amanzi ihamba phezu komhlabathi. Lokhu kungaba kokubili amanzi emifula kanye komhlaba. Amanzi angabamba seep emhlabathini, shabalala emoyeni, egcinwe emachibini kanye amadamu noma isetshenziselwe izinjongo zezolimo kanye nezinye.

kokuziphatha

amanzi Seepage kusukela ebusweni bomhlaba.

Ukusakaza komhlaba

Ukugeleza kwamanzi ngaphansi komhlaba, ezonini vadose futhi aquifers. Amanzi asemhlabathini ungabuyela ebusweni noma ekugcineni seep olwandle. Amanzi asemhlabathini ivame ukuba sihambe kancane futhi agcwaliswa kancane, ukuze bakwazi ukuhlala e aquifers izinkulungwane zeminyaka.

ukuhwamuka

Ukuguqula yamanzi eziwuketshezi esimweni gaseous, lapho ihamba kusukela komhlaba noma amanzi emizimbeni emkhathini. Umthombo wamandla for ukuhwamuka ngokuyinhloko emisebeni yelanga. Inani yokuhwamuka - mayelana 505.000 cubic amakhilomitha yamanzi ngonyaka.

Sublimation

Inguquko ngokuqondile esigabeni okuqinile (iqhwa noma ice) ku Umhwamuko uhamba.

sebethule

Lokhu umusi ukuguqulwa ngqo ice.

advection

Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela yamanzi - ngefomu okuqinile, uketshezi noma gaseous - kudlule emkhathini.

ukufingqa

Ukuguquka umhwamuko endaweni emananzi amaconsi amanzi emoyeni, ukwakheka kwamafu nenkungu.

ukuhwamuka

Isivuno umhwamuko ezitshalweni nomhlabathi emoyeni.

seepage

Ukugeleza kwamanzi nendawo ngokusebenzisa enhlabathini nasemifantwini yamadwala ngaphansi isenzo gravity.

Umjikelezo wamanzi usinika ngokwemvelo kungenxa amandla elanga. 86% of the ukuhwamuka global kwenzeka ebusweni olwandle.

Umjikelezo wamanzi e-linganisa - umjikelezo kwamakhemikhali, kusukela namadreni banesibopho cishe zonke ukunyakaza inzika kwaluqeda ne phosphorus emazweni imizimba amanzi.