Umsebenzi eziningana metal njengoba inkulumo izakhiwo eziyisisekelo lezi zinto

Izinsimbi abaluleke kakhulu futhi ngezindlela eziningi eziyingqayizivele izakhi zamakhemikhali. Cishe bonke kubo zinezikhathi izakhiwo ezifana ezinhle conductivity kagesi, ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo, conductivity ezishisayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phakathi kwabo amaqembu athile kabani izici kuhluke ezibonakalayo kungathiwa. Ezinye zalezi zici ehlukile Wawugujelwani kwemiqondo efana "uchungechunge umsebenzi sensimbi."

Izinsimbi aziwa lungachazwa yini yokuthi ngesikhathi zamakhemikhali ukunikeza ama-electron khulula. On ijubane le nqubo kuxhomeke ukugeleza bezikhali electrode. Lezi amagugu wakhonza njengephayona isisekelo ukuze akha inombolo ukungezwani metal - isihlobo ukulandelana okunemibandela ephawula ikhono into ukuxubana izinto ezithile.

Conditionality ubeka element ngayinye ilandelana inikezwe kulandela kusukela lokuthi ashisa ezahlukene kanye nendlela okwakheke ngayo isixazululo, beziphatha ucishe asebenzayo. Amanani Isilinganiso kukhona okuphumayo ezingeni lokushisa isixazululo-25 Degrees Celsius futhi ingcindezi elilodwa emkhathini esiphuma ezintweni ezehlukahlukene. Kwaba ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, eziningi umsebenzi metal kuthatha ifomu okuyinto ajwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu kusuka Yiqiniso esikoleni kwamakhemikhali.

Kuzo zonke lezi yizinkomba kulandela uhlu izakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Okokuqala, eziningi ukungezwani metal engasisiza ukubikezela ukuthi baziphathe kanjani izakhi ezithile ngesikhathi yokusabela: labo ume ukulandelana kwesobunxele, uzosusa lawo ilungelo kubo. Okwesibili, uma isici Okuseleyo hydrogen ezingaba electrode senziwa ukwamukela zero, kungaba azixoshe ke kusukela izixazululo acid. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi lithium, sodium, potassium nezinye izakhi alikhali. Ekugcineni, okwesithathu, eziningi umsebenzi metal kuyinto usizo olukhulu ekudaleni amaseli kukagesi: i aqhelelane kakhulu izakhi zawo, ayanda ezingaba kagesi kwenzeka phakathi kwazo.

It is waqondisa ku noma yiziphi izinto zensimbi azixoshe nomunye kusukela usawoti izixazululo, futhi wenza itafula yakhe edumile usosayensi Russian Beketov oluvelele. Leli thebula Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi liye kancane kuyalungiswa futhi wakhonza njengephayona isisekelo yokuthi for engaphezu kweyikhulu eyaziwa njenge "inani izinsimbi esebenzayo."

Kwenzeka inqaba ngokwanele ukuqhathanisa amaphethini athile ezivela Periodic Table futhi ukulandelana inikezwe. Ngakho, esekelwe umsebenzi Mendeleev, i-potassium kufanele kube esebenzayo aminingi ukudlula sodium ne lithium, kodwa eziningi ukungezwani kunikeza umbono ohlukile. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu ukungqubuzana itholakala ngezizathu, okuyinto yakha isisekelo salezi ukulandelana. uhlelo Periodic ibonisa ushintsho ukubaluleka energy ionization ukuzulazula kwama-athomu, futhi Beketova ukulandelana - uhlobo lomsebenzi owenziwayo ukubeka eyodwa noma nezinye elementi isimo okuqinile ibe sebuningini ion i aqueous isixazululo umqondo.