Ukwelashwa kwezwe okuthandwa kakhulu

Ukwelashwa kwesizwe esithandwa kakhulu-yisikhathi lapho ubudlelwane bomnotho bomhlaba wonke obunquma khona isimo sezwe esithokozela ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokunciphisa izithiyo zokuhweba. Ikhishwa emazweni amabili (noma ngaphezulu) anezivumelwano zokuhweba.

Ngakho-ke, wonke amazwe alungu le-WTO athola lesi simo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi banezinzuzo zokulingana ezilinganayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emazweni amancane abamba iqhaza ezimvumelwaneni zokuhweba, njengoba unikeza ilungelo lokunciphisa izindleko zokuthengiswa kwezinto, okwenza kube ukuncintisana. Izwe elitholile isimo se-NLF alinakubhekwa njengelusizo kakhulu kunanoma yikuphi okuthuthukisiwe (ngesimo) esinomnotho othembisayo. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwezwe okuthandwa kakhulu Ukwandisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Ukungekho okucatshangelwayo kuhlolisisa ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwamazwe asathuthuka, izinhlangano zamahhala ezingxenyeni zamahhala kanye nezinhlangano zamasiko.

Ukungahambi kahle kwe-MFN ukuthi amanye amazwe akakwazi ukuvikela imikhakha yezimboni ezivela ezithibisini ezikhiqizwa ngabalingani bangaphandle. Futhi le nkinga ijabulisa kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho umbuso kufanele uthumele imikhiqizo yokudla engabizi emakethe yaseMelika, ilahlekelwa yizolimo, njengoba abalimi bendawo bengakwazi ukuncintisana nemikhiqizo yokudla e-US nase EU. Baphoqeleka ukuba bathuthele emadolobheni bafuna umsebenzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abathengisi banda amanani, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuhlukunyezweni kokudla.

Kunoma yikuphi, ukwelashwa kwezwe kanye nokwelashwa okuvezwe kakhulu-jikelele kubhekwa njengezimiso eziyinhloko zomthetho wezohwebo wase-WTO. Okokuqala ukuthi izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe emazweni asobudlelwane bezohwebo zinezikhundla ezilinganayo nezinkampani zendawo.

Izimpande zomlando zesimo zingatholakala kakade ekhulwini leshumi nanye. Kodwa ngesimo sawo samanje saqala ukuvela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuthuthukiswa kokuhwebelana ngamazwe ngamazwe, yayisetshenziswa phakathi kwamazwe amabili. Ngo-1794, i-United States yanikeza i-United States isimo sokuhweba se "Jay Treaty".

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, mayelana nalesi simo, lapho umbuso onamandla kunazo zonke oseNtshonalanga wawuvumela umbuso owenziwe kakhulu kakhulu, empeleni, umyalo ophoqelelwe wenziwa emazweni ase-Asia, wawubhekwa njengensimbi yezombusazwe. Esinye sezibonelo ezicacile zobudlelwane obungalingani obuhloselwe ukuphanga umnotho wezizwe ezibuthakathaka yiSivumelwano SaseNanking (1842) phakathi kweChing Empire (China) neGreat Britain, saphetha ngemva kweMpi Ye-Opium yokuqala, lapho iGreat Britain yathola khona isiqhingi saseHong Kong.

Encwadini yomlando yaseKorea kuthiwa isivumelwano sokuhweba ne-United States ka-1882 yisivumelwano esingalingani esivumela i-US ukuthi ithole amalungelo angalungile avela emndenini kaJoseon. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi babheka ukwelashwa kwezwe okuthandwa kakhulu Njengoba kuhle emazweni anomnotho osakhulayo, enikeza ithuba lokuvikela izithakazelo zabo. Kungenzeka ukuthi baqinisile. Njengoba wazi, amandla amakhulu esikhathini esidlule, uma efunwa, angeke akwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele umnotho wamazwe abuthakathaka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesimo noma cha.

Ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, izivumelwano zokuhweba zaphethwe ngesikhathi esisodwa phakathi kwamazwe amaningi ngokusebenzisa iSivumelwano Esijwayelekile SamaTriff kanye nezoHwebo, okwagcina sekuholela e-WTO ngo-1994.

Izivumelwano ze-WTO zinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ziqinisekiswe yimibhalo esemthethweni ehlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi. Bakhuluma ngezolimo, imboni yezindwangu, ibhange, ukuxhumana, ukuthengwa kukahulumeni, izindinganiso zezimboni, ukuphepha komkhiqizo, imithetho yokuhlanzeka kokudla, impahla yomqondo nokunye okuningi. Isimiso esiyinhloko ukuthi i-WTO idinga ukuthi abahlanganyeli banikezwe ukwelashwa kwezwe okuthandwa kakhulu . Ochwepheshe bezohwebo bakholelwa ukuthi amaphuzu amaningi e-MFN anezinzuzo ezinkulu, futhi avame ukukhuthaza ubudlelwane bezohwebo ngaphandle kokucwaswa nokuhweba mahhala ngokujwayelekile.