Ngamafu

izinkulumo Muva nje, inethiwekhi kakhudlwana futhi kwande ezifana "efwini" futhi "ngamafu." Kubonakala sengathi lo mkhuba maqondana nokusetshenziswa nezinsizakalo ezinjalo buthola umfutho. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi kushiwoni imiqondo le.

Ngakho, liyini ngamafu (ngamafu)? lonke Lo mqondo esibandakanya ukwethulwa kanye nokuqaliswa izinhlelo zokusebenza ewindini web isiphequluli ejwayelekile emshinini sendawo, kuyilapho izinhlelo ngokwabo nedatha yawo ukusebenza kwi-server elicezile endaweni ethile inethiwekhi enkulukazi.

Ngamanye amazwi, ngamafu - kuyinto software kanye hardware, elitholakala kuwo umsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa wendawo noma zangaphandle Inethiwekhi yomhlabajikelele njengoba isevisi, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukusebenzisa imithombo ahlinzekwe (idatha, isofthiwe, Computing imithombo) usebenzisa web isikhombimsebenzisi kanye nokufinyelela kude.

Umsebenzisi kukhompyutha yakho yendawo iba kulokhu esigungwini owandile wokuthi ixhunywe kunethiwekhi. Labo amaseva ezenza ngamafu, ngokuthi ngamafu. Umthwalo emshinini, okuyinto afakiwe a "ifu", kwasakazwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngakho, ngamafu simele supercomputer, ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganisa inqwaba kakhulu imishini.

Isibonelo elula kwangcondvomshini kuyinto kontanga amanethiwekhi (p2p, noma lwe- peer-to-peer). Umqondo kungokwalabo John McCarthy. Nguye wayengowokuqala ukusikisela emuva ngo-1960 ukuthi "amathuluzi ethandwa" izosetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo tekubala ikhompyutha. Nokho, njenganoma iyiphi ubuchwepheshe, ngamafu kukhona elingenakuphikwa njengoba emihle nemibi ecasulayo.

izinzuzo:

• izidingo kwezintela PC Computing imithombo (kubalulekile ukufinyelela kokuba kuphela kunethiwekhi);
• nokuvikeleka;
• iphutha ukubekezelelana;
• ukucubungula idatha isivinini;
• Londoloza isikhala kwi-hard drive yakho;
• aphansi izindleko energy, ukugcinwa, software kanye hardware.

"Ngcondvomshini" Okumbi:

• ukuvela monopolies, ukuhlinzeka amasevisi kule ndawo;
• ukwencika ukuphepha idatha yomsebenzisi kubantu abangagunyaziwe inkampani efwini.

Okwamanje, ngamafu kabanzi izinkampani ezahlukene. Isibonelo esimangalisayo lena isevisi ye-Google Docs, okuyinto idume giant inikeza abasebenzisi bayo. Kuvumela isiphequluli sewebhu ukusebenza nanoma yimiphi imibhalo ehhovisi.

Okwamanje, le nkampani Yahoo!, Intel ne-HP ziye zasungula global Google Computing Test Umbhede evulekile kwikhompyutha lab, ehlanganisa izindawo eziningi. Injongo yale phrojekthi - ucwaningo nentuthuko emkhakheni ngamafu.

Akukona ukuhlala sibukela ne-Microsoft. Kusukela ngoJulayi 2012, iRussia waqala yokuthengisa ezisemthethweni Windows Azure uhlelo ifu yokusebenza. I-Google iphinde ikhishwe uhlelo yayo yefu yokusebenza, okuthiwa --Google Chrome OS.

Phakathi kwezinye efanayo OS uzinake iso OS, iCloud, Cloudo, CorneliOS, Ghost.cc, Glide OS iCube OOS. Ngo-October 2012, e Tsinghua University, esemgwaqweni e Beijing, ifu TransOS yasungulwa. Uphawu lo mkhiqizo omusha wukuthi, njengoba besho, onjiniyela uzokwazi ukuphatha amakhompyutha nje kuphela kodwa futhi imishini ezimbonini kanye izinto zasendlini, ezifana imishini yokuwasha kanye amafriji. ke ubuye ephelele kumadivayisi eselula.

Cloud isitoreji inikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu kubasebenzisi abangenaso isikhala kwi-hard disk ukugcina zonke ulwazi inethiwekhi. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ukufinyelela okunomkhawulo okuyinto nakanjani free. Qaphela lezi isitoreji athandwayo like eyinqolobane (2GB khulula), i-Disk (virtual flash drive 4GB), i-Google Drive (5 GB mahhala), iCloud (Apple abalandeli), i-Microsoft SkyDrive futhi Yandex.Disk.

Njengoba singabona, Computing ifu kanye isitoreji samafu ziye zaba ingxenye yezimpilo zethu. Ubufakazi lokhu yokuthi ngokuvumelana TAdviser, ngo-2014, izimali ezahlukene amasevisi ifu lemali 148,8 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane.