UMbuso Hermitage Museum. Hermitage (Petersburg): iqoqo imidwebo

Yiziphi izindawo njalo kunazo wavakashela yizivakashi, kokufika eSt Petersburg? Hermitage, Kunstkamera kanye impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Aurora".

Hermitage uhlukile?

Kuyinto art Kunawo Wonke Emhlabeni futhi Museum kwamasiko-zomlando. Waziwa nangokuthi kahle futhi ethandwa njengoba Louvre, eBritish Museum kanye iMetropolitan Museum. UMbuso Hermitage ophethe 3 million ziphephile, kuhlanganise imidwebo iyodwa, ayizinkulungwane 15. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi uma ngamunye athole into Museum 1 iminithi kuphela, bese ukubona wonke amaqoqo we Hermitage isidingo ... iminyaka 8! Futhi kutholwa kuphela ziphephile unomphela, kodwa nemibukiso zesikhashana. Hermitage Ihlela kweshumi lezi njalo ngenyanga. Futhi bonke ubude ephasishi 20 km. Kodwa gqamisa esemqoka yalolu Museum akuyona esikalini hhayi inombolo yezinto zomlando agcinwe, kanye neqiniso lokuthi kukhona yobuciko eminingi yokuqala Umdwebo umhlaba nezinye izinhlobo zobuciko.

Lapho kuba?

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe - kwi Palace Embankment. UMbuso Hermitage - a eziyinkimbinkimbi zezakhiwo ezinhlanu (Winter Palace, i-New Hermitage, Grand Hermitage, le Hermitage Small kanye Hermitage Theatre). Eyinhloko yokungena sise Palace Square, 2.

Luhlelo

UMbuso Hermitage usuke esekulungele ukuthola izivakashi kusukela ngoLwesibili kuya ngeSonto, ukuqala at 10,30. Ukuphela komsebenzi - 18,00, kodwa ngoLwesithathu - 21,00. Usuku off - ngoMsombuluko. Kodwa inothi: ukheshe stop athengisa amathikithi ihora ngaphambi kokuvala. Kungcono ukuhlela ukushaywa ngokusebenzisa Hermitage ku amahora ngaphambi kwasemini kanye ngezinsuku zeviki - abangaphansi. Kodwa kule mpelasonto ngezinye izikhathi udinga emgqeni cishe ihora.

amanani amathikithi

Amathikithi e-Hermitage akubizi. Ukuze izakhamuzi zaseRussia intengo kuyoba 100 ruble, impesheni, abafundi nezingane -. Mahhala. Abezinye Izizwe kuyodingeka bakhokhe ruble 350. Kodwa njalo ngoLwesine lokuqala lwenyanga - usuku mahhala kuwo wonke umuntu.

Umlando sokudalwa

Ngo 1764 uCatherine Omkhulu uthenge 225 imidwebo kusukela ukuqoqwa umthengisi German Yohanna Gotskovskogo. Leli qoqo lwenzelwe King noFrederick II yasePrussia, kodwa ngenxa yezinkinga zezimali, akakwazanga ukuyihlenga. umthengisi engumthengisi unikezele ukwenza iNdlovukazi isiRashiya, futhi wavuma ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukuze ukubukisa phambi nkosi German. Njengoba Gotskovsky akazange abanolwazi olujulile emkhakheni wezobuciko, iqoqo kuhlanganisa imidwebo kunalokho Okuqukethwe akuzwakali (lapho beqhathaniswa nalabo ababefundiswe elafika kamuva). Lawa kwakungamadodana ikakhulukazi umsebenzi wezandla eenkhulwini Dutch futhi lase, kanye eminye imisebenzi ngabaculi Italian kwekhulu XVII. Kodwa phakathi kwabo ingumkhiqizo we Khalsa nodonga.

Kulo nyaka (1764 th), futhi kubhekwa unyaka isisekelo Hermitage, nakuba Museum ngomqondo wesimanje kulezi izwi wayengekho. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, yokufuna lalithé: imidwebo 600 eqoqweni eyimfihlo Ukubala von Brühl. Kwakukhona ziphephile esibalulekile: 'Esimweni i Nendoda Endala e Red "Rembrandt," Perseus futhi Andromeda "by Rubens nabanye.

Enye imidwebo 400 wathengwa ngalendoda French Pierre Crozat. Ngakho Petersburg babe "Umndeni Ongcwele" Raphael "UJudith" by Giorgione, "Danae" Titian sika "Portrait we Infanta Isabella sasendlini" Rubens, "Self-portrait" Van Dyck.

Ukuze yokufuna Catherine yobuciko zezwe art kwasekuqaleni kwaba isenzo zezombusazwe ukukhombisa ukuthi Russian Empire - the athuthukiswe futhi izwe-non-abampofu engakwazi okunethezeka enjalo. Ngo-1774, in the ifa iNdlovukazi kwaba 2080 izithombe, kodwa akazange ukwabelana ngazo. Ukuze le nkathi fanele ibinzana odumile Catherine ukuthi abantu bayazithanda futhi kuphela igundane. Nakuba kamuva ukufinyelela igalari wavulwa, kodwa ngemvume ekhethekile.

Kamuva Hermitage wathola impahla asuswe mansions yezikhulu nezinye zamakhosi. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe agcwaliswa nge amaqoqo kwangasese Yusupov, Stroganov, Sheremetev. Okunye izikhungo idluliselwe ziphephile zabo kuya Hermitage.

Ukuqoqwa imidwebo

Ngenxa ziphephile we Hermitage, kungenzeka ukuba sithungathe umlando waleli art emhlabeni futhi ubone ukuthi bahlakulele art of England, Belgium, eHolland, Spain, Italy, eFrance nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, emhlanganweni emelelwa imidwebo 7000 kuphela abaculi European kusuka Ephakathi ziphethe ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Ngaphandle embukisweni unomphela, kukhona nemibukiso zesikhashana. Hermitage kuyinto bayilondoloza ngokucophelela imibhalo yokuqala ifa eyigugu yamasiko esidlule, ngakho ezinye amasampula zivulelwe ukufinyelela komphakathi kuphela amasonto ambalwa konyaka ukulondolozwa kwayo.

AmaHholo yobuciko Western ahlotshiswe isisekelo ukulandelana kwezikhathi nokuma kwezwe, okungukuthi, ngemisebenzi eyodwa eqoqwe of abadwebi ezweni elithile isikhathi esibekiweko. Ngokwesibonelo, igalari Umdwebo Italy amakhulu eminyaka XIII-XVIII kungaba ukuziqhayisa yobuciko ezifana "I Annunciation" by Simone Martini, "Madonna benua" futhi "Madonna Litta" uLeonardo da Vinci esithi "Umkhaya Ongcwele" Raphael.

setfulo ocebile kakhulu we lase buciko XVII-XVIII eminyaka. Ukuziqhenya iqoqo - 32 imidwebo ngu Rubens ( "The Union of Earth Water", "Bacchus" nemijikelezo ezinkulu omkhulukazi kanye zokuhlobisa), 24 imisebenzi umfundi wakhe Van Dyck ( "Self").

Esikhathini igalari Spanish Umdwebo xv - ukuqala imidwebo XVIII leminyaka egcinwe El Greco ( "Abaphostoli uPetru noPawulu"), Velazquez ( "ibhulakufesi"), de Goya ( "i-Portrait of Actress Antonia Zarate"). Kungenzeka ukuba bagcine ukuthuthukiswa Gothic nokuthambekela namaqiniso futhi karavadzhizma.

iqoqo Ithatha ocebile imidwebo (mayelana 1000) ngabaculi Dutch, kuhlanganise Rembrandt ekuseni khulu, ngemuva kwesikhathi.

Njengoba okwandile njengasezulwini Umdwebo Hermitage, English enikeziwe ngaphandle e-UK uqobo. sithakazelo esitheni umsebenzi Kwesimo enkantolo. Omunye imidwebo edumile emhlabeni wonke kuyinto "Portrait of a Lady in Blue" ngu Thomas Gainsborough.

Ngo ihholo lombukiso yokudweba French xv-XVIII eminyaka, indawo ebaluleke kakhulu elalihlala ibhulashi classicist Nikola Pussena. Iqoqo usebenza engxenyeni XIX yesibili - XX leminyaka kubhekwa omunye the best kakhulu emhlabeni. Khona-ke kukhona odumile Impressionist Monet ( "Lady Usesimini Yegetsemani", "Waterloo Ibhuloho") futhi Renoir ( "Ntombazane nge Fan"), futhi Degas ( "Concorde"). Ukuziqhenya iqoqo - 38 okwangempela futhi 31 Matisse - Picasso.

uqokomisa umninindlu Berlin kanye Munich izikole ehholo yobuciko German. Futhi yabakhanga impi imidwebo abazinikele neMpi Patriotic ka 1812 futhi umsebenzi Frederick isitayela zothando.

Muva nje, i Hermitage State wathenga "Black Square" by Malevich. Lona omunye wemisebenzi edume kakhulu yobuciko Russian leminyaka elidlule.

Siyini isiphetho? Ungamtshela isikhathi eside futhi mayelana esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu kanye mayelana Hermitage. Kodwa ukufunda mayelana yobuciko yokudweba kakhulu ukubuyeka kumnandi kuka ujabulela mathupha enhle. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuya futhi uthenge amathikithi Hermitage wonke umndeni. Kuyoba ulwazi.