Ubukhulu Pereyaslavl: indawo, isiko, izikhulu Pereyaslavl, umlando

Old Russian Pereyaslavl ubukhulu kwamiswa emhlabeni emzini Pereyaslavl, kukhulunywa okokuqala abalulekile esiphathelene ngonyaka 992, lapho Prince uVladimir Elikhulu usekelwe. I inqaba lakhiwa njengengxenye umugqa ukuzivikela, ukuvikela izwe asemaqeleni abayimizulane, kuqala Pechenegs ke Polovtsy. ubukhulu Ngokusobala kwavela 1054, ngemva kokufa Yaroslava Mudrogo, okuyinto kwalandelwa isikhathi lokubola zezombusazwe yeRussia.

isikhundla ezindawo

Pereyaslavskaya izwe lalingaphansi elisemcengezini Trubezh, Sula kanye nesobho. Esikhathini enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye kwaba Kiev ubukhulu. Kusukela naseningizimu nasempumalanga Pereyaslavl ezibonakalayo yahaqwa asemaqeleni zasendle, lapho wagijima lezi zidlamlilo lomphangi. Kuyo yonke yayo umlando Pereyaslavl ubukhulu kuqhathaniswa abantu abayimizulane kanye izikhathi eziningi bayaphepha zonakale.

ukuvela

Specific Pereyaslavl ubukhulu yokuhlukanisa kusuka Kiev ngomunye wabokuqala. Ngo 1054, saya uthunjana Yaroslava Mudrogo Vsevolod Yaroslavovich. Khona-ke Pereyaslavl ayebhekwa lwesithathu nobaluleke kakhulu ngemva Rus of Kiev ne Chernigov. Ngenxa budebuduze asemaqeleni Polovtsian kwakukhona squad eqinile. I komngcele oseningizimu ubukhulu laligcwele ezindaweni. Imiphumela yemivubukulo emanxiweni show yabo ukuthi lezi nezinqaba bathunjwa engenamuntu, ashiswa, babhujiswe futhi kabusha.

Okokuqala umkhankaso elimazayo Pereyaslavl ubukhulu Cumans ezithathwe 1061. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi wabo amahemuhemu kuphela, futhi Rurik kwakungekaNkulunkulu abayimizulane ngokwanele sina. Ngo 1068 amabutho Polovtsian wahlangana kuhlangene ezintathu retinue ka Yaroslav - Izyaslav, Svyatoslav futhi Vsevolod. Le mpi senzeka emfuleni Alta Awukude Pereyaslavl. Polovtsi iwine. Izikhulu wabalekela Kiev, lapho labantu awanelisekile ne passivity iziphathimandla bahlubuka.

wokulwa

Ngo 1073 Pereyaslav Prince Vsevolod etholakele umfowabo omdala Svyatoslav Chernigov. Angizange uyavumelana umshana wakhe Oleg Nale isixazululo. Ingxabano kwaholela empini. Nakuba izikhulu Pereyaslavl njengokuthi kunye, abaningi balwa Polovtsy ehlane, kwadingeka ngilwe nesikhulu abantu abayimizulane kanye phakathi yemibango yangaphakathi eRussia. Ezinye Rurik (Oleg Svyatoslavovych) akazange unqikaze ukufuna usizo kusukela lezi zidlamlilo.

Ngo-1078, Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich wahlulwa umshana. Ngemva kwalokho ukunqoba, wayebuye umbusi Kiev, nginikeza phezu indodana yakhe Rostislav Pereyaslavl futhi Chernigov inikezwe omunye umfana - Vladimir Monomakh. Indlalifa efanele ukuvikela ifa likayise. Ngo 1080 waya Pereyaslavschiny ukucindezela kokuhlubuka kuka Torquay.

Ukubusa Monomakh

Rostislav Gromov ukuthi kabuhlungu Kushone 1093 e belwa Polovtsy ku Stugna emfuleni. Umfowabo kuphumelele uVladimir Pereyaslavl ubukhulu. Isikhundla ezindawo wefa edingekayo DC amandla. Monomakh wanika Chernigov Oleg Svjatoslavovich, futhi wagxila ekuvikeleni Pereyaslavl kusukela izindimbane asemaqeleni.

UVladimir Gromov waba iqhawe ngesikhathi sakhe. Yena waqala phakathi kwezikhulu Russian bavikela kusukela abayimizulane hhayi kuphela, kodwa azenzile kuyiwe ezweni labo. Sekuyisikhathi eside i-Old isimo Russian kudingeka umholi lolo. Kulapho Monomakh safinyelela iqophelo ukubaluleka zezombusazwe zalo Pereyaslavl ubukhulu. Umlando leyo minyaka yakhiwa ekunqobeni elikhanyayo phezu Polovtsy. Ngo 1103 Monomakh wathonyelwa nezinye Rurik lizosizana uhambe a retinue kwaze kwaba phakathi asemaqeleni. Ibutho waqhubeka Dnieper Rapids tshoda akalindanga isiteleka vezhi abayimizulane.

Jaropolk V

Njengoba Prince esinamandla kunazo eRussia, ngo-1113, uVladimir Monomakh wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi Kiev. Kwakuwusuku enkathini yokugcina lapho ubudala isimo Russian kwakusadingeka izimpawu isibonakaliso. UVladimir wanika Pereyaslavl indodana yakhe Yaropolk. Ngo 1116 esebulewe nobaba wakhe iqhaza emkhankasweni ngokumelene Ming Prince Gleb Vseslavich. Jaropolk Drutsk ethumba wabeka ingxenye yezakhamuzi zawo edolobheni ephansi ifinyelela Zheldi Sula.

Ngawo lowo nyaka indodana Monomakh waya Polovtsy Don esifundeni, lapho kuhlasela wathatha imizi emithathu: Balin, Sharukan futhi NPGs. Ngo umfelandawonye isikhulu Pereyaslavl wabe esenza ngokuvumelana indodana umbusi Chernigov Vsevolod Davidovich. Ukunqoba izikhali Russian wenza umsebenzi omuhle. Polovtsi ku zihlala zodwa East Slavic principalities. Umhlaba wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu 1125, lapho uVladimir Monomakh wafa eKiev.

Ukulwela ukukhipha Pereyaslavl

Indlalifa Vladimir ekhatsi Kiev ubeyindodana yakhe endala Mstislav Veliky. Washona ngo 1132. Jaropolk eyathatha umfowabo omdala. Ngemva kwalokhu Ukujikeleza e Pereyaslavl kwaqala inkathi yokushintsha njalo zababusi. Umuzi baba kwesimangalo Rostov-Suzdal Prince Yury Dolgoruky. Phakathi nempi yombango lapho wadingiselwa kusukela Pereyaslavl amadodana amabili Mstislava Velikogo (Vsevolod futhi Izyaslav).

Ngo 1134 Yaropolk Kievsky neyaziwayo amalungelo umnakabo ubukhulu eningizimu Dolgoruky. Nokho, lesi sisombululo babe abameleli Angenelisekile kwegatsha Chernigov we Rurik. Ngo umfelandawonye Polovtsy lezi zikhulu Pereyaslavskaya ezibhuqiwe umhlaba. Baze baphuthuma Kiev ke Jaropolk waya ukuxoxisana. Pereyaslavl kwelinye ka nomfowethu omncane wakhe Andrei Vladimirovich uhlobo, khona lapho 1135-1141 biennium.

I okunye isiphetho ubukhulu

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XII, ngaphambi ekugcineni uba munye Rus ahlukaniselwe principalities eziningi. Ezinye ifa uzibuse ngokuphelele kusukela Kiev. Pereyaslavl kwakungekaNkulunkulu uhlobo principalities ezincane, lapho kungekho esungulwe lwamakhosi sakhe, futhi umuzi ezaziseduze nemiyalezo washintsha ababusi ngenxa yezimpi zombango inhlanganisela zamanxusa.

Umzabalazo esiyinhloko leli zwe yasungulwa phakathi Kiev, Rostov futhi Chernigov kwababusi. Ngo 1141-1149 GG. Pereyaslavl libuswa indodana nomzukulu Mstislava Velikogo. Khona-ke ubukhulu lidlule inzalo ka-Yuriya Dolgorukogo, izihlobo abaphezulu elawulwa Suzdal North-Eastern Russia kabani abaseduze.

Ngo 1239 Pereyaslavl esendleleni eRussia ahlaselayo amaMongol. City (nabanye abaningi) elathunjwa futhi ubhujiswe. Ngemva kwalokho, wayengalokothi ukwazi alulame ngokugcwele bese ube isikhungo zezombusazwe ezibalulekile. Pereyaslavl kwahlanganiswa impahla isikhulu Kiev futhi ababange besaba zidlala indima ezimele. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIV, South eRussia kuye Lithuania. Ekugcineni ubukhulu Pereyaslavl ukuthi lebhalwe ngesi-1363.

Isiko nenkolo

Old Russian Pereyaslavl ubukhulu, isiko okuyinto wazibonela nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo esikhathini XI-XII eminyaka., Kutholwe ensimini ka-East Slavic imifelandawonye tribal glades, northerners futhi Ulichi. zemivubukulo eziphathelene nabo atholakala imicengezi we Sula, Seym, Vorksly, Psel kanye Seversky eDonets. Ngokuyinhloko zingabantu omngcwabo Lobuqaba uhlamvu (Barrows, amathuna nezindawo zokungcwaba ngakho t. D.).

UbuKristu bafika Pereyaslavl, kanye nakwamanye amadolobha aseRussia ekupheleni X leminyaka ngemva kobhapathizo ePrince Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha. Kukhona theory ezingaqinisekisiwe ukuthi e lo muzi wawuyinhloko yokuhlala lokuqala basemasontweni nje Kiev ayizange ithole Hagia Sophia.

ukuhweba

Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho nezamasiko Pereyaslavl ubukhulu u levuswe ukusondela ukuba imizila yezohwebo, lapho Russia ihwebelana emazweni asempumalanga naseningizimu. Chief phakathi kwawo kwakukhona umfula Dnieper Umthambo ngokuxhumanisa lwamaSlav empumalanga ne waseByzantium. Ngaphezu umzila "kusukela amaViking namaGreki" Usawoti wayebuye indlela lapho ukudayisa Umkhawulo wama-Azov futhi Black Sea. Ngemva Pereyaslavschiny abathengisi sifika lé empumalanga Tmutarakani futhi kancane iVolga esifundeni.

Kuyinto imali eningi Ukuvikelwa ukuhweba bekugcwele yezinto eziyinhloko ezibangela i ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuvikela izikhulu ezweni asemaqeleni. Izindwendwe kanti imikhumbi (kuhlanganise Dnieper Rapids) bavame ngaphansi ekuhlaseleni abantu abayimizulane kanye nje izigcwelegcwele. Ngenxa yalokho, izinqaba ebiyelweyo nemizana ezakhiwa nje yemizila yohwebo. Pereyaslavl abathengisi imikhumbi beniyingxenye amakhulu Dnieper ngokusebenzisa Trubezh. Ngesikhathi esizalweni somfula kwakukhona ipaki ibhizinisi. Esikhundleni salo, abavubukuli baye bathola izinsalela amphoras ngesiGreki.

emadolobheni

Imizi ngobukhulu we ubukhulu, ngaphezu Pereyaslavl, ezakhiwa Vladimirom Monomahom Öster edolobheni ukuba sendleleni ukuhweba iphuzu amaqhawe, uBharuki, Ksnyatin, Lukoml, kanye inqaba kusayithi zokuhlala lanamuhla Miklashevsky. Iningi lazo kwakungekaNkulunkulu Posulskoy sivikele imvilophi kwatheleka Sulu Dnieper. ziyadlula okwenzeka ngemva kokuba ama ayehlasela Batu.

Ukukhangwa eyinhloko Pereyaslavl kwaba Cathedral kuMichael. Residence Prince elapha Detinets. Kukhona futhi wahlala abefundisi ephakeme komuzi. Bishop egcekeni wawuvikelwa ngodonga lwamatshe, emanxiweni zisekhona kuze kube sesikhathini sethu. Njengezinye emadolobheni ephakathi, labantu ikakhulukazi ayehlala eMbusweni tenements. Abavubukuli baye bathola kukhona izihloko eziningi yezandla sezohwebo. Umuzi bekulokhu ezingavamile ngesikhathi sawo workshop womshini ingilazi.