Eugene Ionesco "Rhinoceros": isifinyeto, ukuhlaziywa

Lapho iMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba ishona, abantu emhlabeni wonke baqala ukuzibuza ukuthi ingavela kanjani ukuze kufakwe i-fascism phakathi kweYurophu ephucukile. Okubaluleke kakhulu, isintu sasikhathazekile ngombuzo wokuthi abantu abahlakaniphile, abafundele futhi abanomusa bavumela kanjani ukubhujiswa kwezigidi zezakhamuzi ezikanye nabo kuphela ngenxa yokuthi babenemvelaphi ehlukile.

Omunye wemizamo yokuqala yokuchaza ukuphakama kwe-fascism nokunyakaza okufanayo kwenziwa ngumlobi ongumFulentshi u- Eugene Ionesco. "I-Rhinoceroses" (kwenye inguqulo, "i-Rhinoceros") iyidlala lapho echaza khona indlela yokubonakala emphakathini wezinto eziqhamuka kancane kancane eziba yinto evamile.

I-Biography ka-Eugène Ionesco

U-playwright wazalelwa eRomania ngo-1909, njengoba uyise ayevela lapho futhi unina wayenguFulentshi. Kusukela esemncane, lo mfana wakhuluma ngezilimi eziningana, kuhlanganise nesiFulentshi. Lapho kuqala u-World World Relations phakathi kwabazali, umfana waphulwa, futhi bahlukana. Umama wathatha abantwana futhi waya ezweni lakubo, waya eFrance.

Lapho u-Eugene Ionesco ekhula, wazama ukuhlala nobaba eRomania. Lapha wangena eNyuvesi yaseBucharest, ehlela ukufundisa isiFulentshi. Kodwa ngo-1938 wabuyela ezweni lakubo futhi wahlala eParis phakade.

Ionesco wabhala izinkondlo zakhe zokuqala ngesiRomania, futhi ngaphezu kweminyaka yokuphila kwakhe eRomania waqala ukukhohlwa isiFulentshi, ngakho-ke, lapho ebuyele eFrance, kwadingeka afunde ulimi lwesibili lwendabuko futhi.

Ukuba ngumdlali wokudlala

Ngisho nalapho efunda eBucharest, u-Eugene wathola ukuvezwa kokuthandwa kwezintambo ezenziwa ngama-pro-fascist. Kodwa-ke, lolu daba lwabantu lubonakala lusendle kumuntu odlala ukudlala ngokwakhe, kamuva lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwaba isihloko se "Rhinoceroses" neminye yemisebenzi yakhe.

Ebuyela eParis, u-Ionescu wabhala ingqikithi mayelana noCharles Baudelaire, futhi wabhala ngokuzikhandla imisebenzi yakhe. Ionesco ehlonishwa kakhulu kunazo zonke, kodwa naye wabhala izindaba kanye nezinhlobonhlobo.

Njengo-playwright u-Eugene wenza u-debut wakhe ngo-1950 ngendlala ethi "Bald Singer", abhala phansi ngaphansi kwethonya lomfundisi wesiNgisi ozifundisayo. Yilolu msebenzi owaba yisibonelo esilandelayo se-"yaseshashalazini engenangqondo" - umkhuba wokubhala, okuyinto i-Ionesco ayilandela emsebenzini wakhe.

U-Eugene Ionesco washona ngoMashi 1994. Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwefa lokudala kwakuyimidlalo ka-Ionesko ethi "i-Rhinoceros", "i-Bald Singer", "Izihlalo", "Umbulali ongenandaba", "Macbeth", "Ukuguqulwa Kwomoya" nabanye.

Umsuka we play "Rhinoceros" ("Rhinoceroses")

Ngemuva kokuphumelela kokudlala kwakhe kokuqala, u-playwright wakhuthaza ngamandla akhe ukubhala ngohlobo lokungacabangi nokuphazamiseka. Enqabe ukubaluleka kwemikhiqizo yezemidlalo, wayekholelwa ukuthi kwakudingeka ukuba abuyele ezimpandeni, lapho yonke imidlalo ibhekene nezimpawu ezifihlekile nezimpendulo zemizuzu. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisihlanu, lapho iYurophu ibuya kancane kancane ngemva kwempi, abaningi baqala ukucabanga ngezizathu zokuvela kwe-fascism, ngenxa yokwesaba ukuphindaphindiwe kwalolu daba. Ukuba ngumphikisi wesimiso sokuxhashaza kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa eRomania, akekho owawazi isihloko sika-Eugene Ionesco. "Amabhino" ("Rhinoceros") - okuthiwa umdlalo wakhe omusha, oshicilelwe ngo-1959. Ngonyaka ofanayo, wahlelwa embonini yaseDusseldorf.

Eugene Ionesco "Rhinoceroses": isifinyeto

Umdlalo uqukethe izenzo ezintathu. Eyokuqala eduze kwe-cafe esitelekeni uhlala nama-comrades amabili, uJean noBeranger. UJean utshengisa umngane wakhe, obonakala ephuza kakhulu izolo futhi engakafiki. Ngokungazelelwe, ama-rhinoceros agijimela. Wonke umuntu ozungezile uyesaba futhi uxoxe ngalesi senzakalo esivusa amadlingozi, eveza ukucasuka kwabo. U-Beranger kuphela onganandaba nakho konke, kuyilapho i-cafe ingabandakanyi i-Daisy enhle kakhulu, lapho indoda ethande khona. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uJean ufunda izimiso zakhe mayelana nendlela efanele yokuphila futhi ekugcineni uBerganger uyavuma ukuzinikela kulobu busuku ekuthuthukiseni amasiko.

Ngokungazelelwe uzwa i-rumble futhi kuvela ukuthi ibhejane usanda kuchoboza ikati lenkosikazi. Wonke umuntu uphikisana ngokuthi zingaki ama-rhinoceroses ayekhona, nokuthi abukeka kanjani. UBeranger uthi ngokungalindelekile akukho lutho olungacatshangwa othulini olwakhiwe yi-rhino. UJean uyamcasula, amahlazo namaqabunga. Umuntu okhungathekile uyala isiphuzo futhi anqume ukushiya uhlelo lwamasiko elihleliwe.

Isenzo sesibili sokudlala kuka-Ionesco "I-Rhinoceros" sivela enkonzweni kaBeranger ehhovisi. Lapha, wonke umuntu ukhuluma ngenkuthalo ngama-rhinoceroses nokunyuka okungenakucaciswa kwenani labo. Baphikisana, baxabana, baveza imibono ehlukene, baze baqaphele ukuthi uBeth wabo osebenza nabo akazange asebenze.

Ngokushesha umkakhe ufika futhi wabatshela ngokushona komyeni wakhe, kulandelwa ama-rhinoceros amakhulu. Ngokungazelelwe, uMadame uyaqaphela umyeni wakhe kuwo, futhi isilo siphendule ucingo lwakhe. Uhlezi emhlane, ushiya ekhaya.

UDaisy ubiza abacimi bomlilo ukuthi basize abasebenzi behhovisi ukuba behle, njengoba iBhhinoceros iBeth iqhekeza isitebhisi. Kuvela ukuthi kukhona kakade inombolo enkulu ye-rhinoceroses edolobheni, futhi inombolo yabo iyanda.

Omunye wabasebenzi, uDudar ubonisa uBerenger ukuba aphuze ndawonye, kodwa wenqaba, njengoba enquma ukuya kuJean futhi ayenze naye.

Lapho efika endlini yomngani, uBeranger ubona ukuthi akahle. Kancane kancane, cishe phambi kwamehlo ekhanda, umngane wakhe uba yi-rhinoceros. Indoda esethukile ibiza umakhelwane wayo ukuba asize, kodwa usuvele eseyizilwane ngokwakhe. Ebuka ngaphandle kwefasitela, uBeranger ubona ukuthi emgwaqweni eziningi ze-rhinoceroses sezivele zichoboza amabhentshi. Eyesaba, ubalekela endlini yakhe.

Isenzo sesithathu sokudlala ngu-Eugène Ionesco "I-Rhino" senziwa endlini yaseBerganger.

Uzizwa egula, futhi isisebenzi esisebenza naye uDudar siza kuye. Phakathi nengxoxo, uBeranger ngaso sonke isikhathi ubonakala sengathi yena uqobo uba yimizimba ye-rhinoceros. Kuyamesaba kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, isivakashi siqinisekisa lo muntu, sithi lokhu kuyinto evamile, ngoba ama-rhinoceros ayenemnandi, nakuba izidalwa ezincane ezingenalutho. Kuvela ukuthi izakhamuzi eziningi ezihlonishwayo zedolobha, ikakhulukazi iLogic, sezilokhu ziyi-rhinoceroses futhi zizizwa zikhulu. UBeranger ukwesaba ukuthi izakhamuzi ezihloniphekile nezihlakaniphile zikhethe le ndlela.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uDaisy ufika egijima endlini. Utshela la madoda ukuthi umphathi wabo uphinde waba ngubhejane, ukuze angagcini ngemuva kwalokhu okwenzekayo manje. UBeranger ubonisa ukuthi amahhhhi angase ahlukaniswe nabantu ukuze ayeke ukukhula kwabantu bawo, kodwa izivakashi ziyamqinisekisa ukuthi izihlobo zamahhinani zizophikisana, kanye nabameli bamalungelo ezilwane.

UDudara ubonisa ukuthi uzwela uDaisy, nakuba enomhawu ngoBeranger, ngakho-ke ushiya ama-interlocutors akhe futhi yena uqobo lwakhe uba ngumhono ngokuzithandela.

Ama-Daisy amabili noBeranger abesaba, njengoba umsindo wezilwane uzwakala yonke indawo, ngisho nasemsakazweni. Ngokushesha intombazane yashintsha ingqondo yakhe, inquma ukuthi ama-rhinoceroses ayakufanelekela inhlonipho, futhi, lapho ebhekene nolaka uBeranger, uyangena emhlambini.

Lo muntu uhlala yedwa, ucabanga ukuthi kufanele abe ngubhejane. Ngenxa yalokho, ubheka isibhamu, alungele ukuzivikela ekugcineni.

I-protagonist yomdlalo ngu-Beranger

Yonke isenzo esenzeka kwi-"I-Rhinoceros" ye-Ionesco ihlose iBerganger.

Ngokumelene nesizinda sabanye abahlali abahloniphekile edolobheni, kubonakala sengathi uyadedelwa. Ukungahambi, hhayi ukugcina isikhathi, ngokuvamile ukukhuluma ngokungalungile, indoda icasula abanye, ngisho nomngani omkhulu kaJean. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akalimazi muntu nhlobo, ngaphandle kwakhe.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kwesenzo kubonakala ukuthi iphutha eliyinhloko likaBeranger kuphela ukuthi akafuni ukuhambisana nemigomo evamile noma yemfashini. Ngakho-ke, lapho wonke umuntu e-cafe ematasa ebukela ama-rhinoceroses, lo muntu ucabanga ngentombazane ayithandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akazami ukuqamba amanga ukuze ajoyine leli qembu, futhi ngephutha abulale abanye ngamanga.

Ngokungafani nezakhamuzi ezinengqondo zomuzi, uBerange uhlala nemizwa. Uyakuthanda noDaisy futhi ngenxa yakhe akaqapheli izinkinga ezungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu obukeka ngokucacile njengotshwala, uyakwazisa ubuhlobo obukhulu kunalokho okushiwo yiyo yonke into, uJean. Ngemuva kwalokho, uBeranger wayenqaba ngisho nokuzophuza.

Omunye umehluko umuzwa wokungaphansi. Uma konke okwamanje kudolobheni, leli qhawe libukeka lingathandeki emlandweni wabanye. Futhi lapho bonke abakhileyo beba izilo ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, benqaba ukuba yisibhamu, uBeranger uphinde uzizwa ehlukile.

Eugene Ionesco "Rhinoceroses": ukuhlaziywa

Uma namuhla isitayela somdlalo kanye nemibono evezwe kuyo kubonakala evamile, ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwayo kuma-60ties kwakuyinto entsha, evelele. Lokhu kwagqugquzelwa ukuthi le midlalo yayihlanganisa zonke izici zendawo yaseshashalazini yezinto ezingenangqondo, okuyinto u-Eugene Ionesco ("Rhinoceroses") ehlukaniswa kulokhu. Ukugxekwa kwathatha lo mdlalo ngendlela enhle, ikakhulukazi, bathole lo msebenzi olwa no-fascist. Kodwa-ke, lo mbhali ngokwakhe akazange aphendule ngokuchazwa kwalo msebenzi wakhe, ephikisana ngokuthi imibono yakhe yayiningi kakhulu, kodwa wonke umuntu ukhululekile ukuwahumusha ngokwengqondo yakhe.

Emisebenzini yakhe, umlobi wayephikisana ngokumelene nanoma yimiphi imibono yokucindezela, ephendulela abantu abe yizimpunga ezithobekile, ebhubhisa abantu ngabanye.

Lo mdlalo uveza ngokucacile izici ezinjalo zezemidlalo ezingenangqondo njengokunganaki kweqiniso - yonke imicimbi ibonakala iyinhle futhi ingenasici. Ababukeli nabafundi bayaqonda ukuthi kwenzekani, kodwa kungani abantu baqala ukuphenduka ama-rhinoceroses (isijeziso sezono, amaqhinga we-UFO noma enye into), akekho owaziyo.

Ukucabanga okunengqondo, okunengqondo, okuyinto i-Ionesco ebheka ngayo iphutha lazo zonke izinkinga, iphinde igxeke kulo mdlalo. Uhlamvu olulodwa olungenayo olungenangqondo, i-Beranger, luhlala lungavikeleki isifo esingaziwa esenza abantu babe yi-rhinoceroses.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi emdlalweni wakhe u-Eugene Ionesco wachaza zonke izigaba zobuchwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma yikuphi okungajwayelekile emphakathini, okwakwenziwa kuphela ngekhulu lesishiyagalolunye leminyaka ekhulwini le-Overton. Ngokusho kwalo, noma yikuphi ukucabanga, ngisho nokubi kakhulu, isibonelo, ukubulawa komuntu, kungamukeleka emphakathini njengendlela evamile, kuhambisane nezigaba eziyisithupha: okungacabangeki, okunamandla, okwamukelekayo, okunengqondo, okujwayelekile nokujwayelekile.

Isikhathi esibucayi se-play

Ngemuva kokusebenza kwakhe emangalisayo kwi-theater yaseParis "Odeon" ngo-1960 kwaba khona emazweni amaningi omdlalo wezwe "Rhinoceros". Lo mdlalo ekuqaleni wawubhekwa njenge-anti-fascist, ngakho-ke ku-premiere, abanye abalingiswa babegqoke umfaniswano wezempi waseJalimane. Kodwa ngaphezu kweminyaka imibono yakhe yashintsha, futhi abaqondisi abasha basebenzisa amasu ahlukene ukuveza umbono wabo.

"I-Rhinoceroses" yafakwa ezingxenyeni eziningi ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi abadlali abakhulu kakhulu bezemidlalo kanye ne-cinema bahlonishwa ukudlala kulo mdlalo. Ngesikhathi sokuqala indima yeBerange yenza umdlali weFrance uJean-Louis Barro. Kamuva lo mdlali wadlala ngabaculi abadumile njengoVictor Avilov, iKirill Pirogov, uLoverrence Olivier, uBenedikt Cumberbatch nabanye.

Isiphetho se "Rhinoceroses" e-USSR

Ngemuva kokuba ngumsebenzi ophikisayo wokulwa ne-fascist, ngemuva kokuqala kwe "Rhinoceros" kuvele e-USSR eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva. Lo mdlalo ushicilelwe ezincwadini zangaphandle. Kodwa ngokushesha kuvinjelwe, njengoba imibono evezwe "kwi-Rhinoceroses", igxeke ubukhomanisi kanye nezenhlalo. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuvimbeli ukusakazeka komdlalo. Umbhalo wakhe ukopishwe, uphinde uphinde uhanjiswe kusuka esandleni ngesandla. Futhi ukuvinjelwa kwanezela ukuthandwa okungakaze kwenziwe kulo msebenzi.

Ngo-1982, umdlalo wawubanjwe ngenye yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseMoscow. Kodwa-ke, cishe ngemva kokuqala komdlalo lo mdlalo uvaliwe, kuze kube yilapho iPerestroika ingavunyelwe ukuba ihlelwe. Kodwa-ke, emva kokuba uGrbachev eqala ukubusa, "i-Rhinoceroses" yaqala umashi wabo wokunqoba phakathi kwezigcawu ezinhle ze-USSR, bese kuthiwa iRussia.

Amaphuzu avela ku "Rhinoceroses"

Esinye sezici ezibalulekile emdlalweni wezingqikithi ezingenangqondo kwakuwukudlala kwamagama ngu-Ionesco. "Ama-Rhinoceros" (izingcaphuno ezingezansi) aqukethe iziqu eziningi zokukhuluma. Isibonelo, ukucabanga nge-Logic mayelana nekati.

Noma inkhulumomphendvulwano encane mayelana nezingane:

"Angifuni ukuba nezingane." Izinto ezinjalo ezibusayo.
"Khona-ke uzosindisa kanjani umhlaba?"
"Kungani udinga ukumsindisa?"

Futhi, ukuzindla kweqhawe eqinisweni kuyajulile: "Ngezinye izikhathi ububi bubangelwa ngengozi, hhayi nakancane ukuwuthandayo, noma ungawukhuthazi ngokungaqondile."

Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 emva kokuba i-Ionesco "i-Rhinoceros" idlale i-play still is not lost its relevance futhi ifakwe ezindaweni eziningi zemidlalo emhlabeni.