Oku-esikoleni pedagogy kanye nendzima yayo ekuthuthukisweni ubuntu

Uma sikhuluma pedagogy ngesikhathi esisodwa ngandlela-thile ukucabanga isikole uthisha esiqinile ngezibuko kanye pointer ezandleni noma Uprofesa esimpunga inyuvesi, ukusakaza mayelana wisdoms imfundo. Kodwa pedagogy - akuyona nje imfundo esikoleni kanye waseyunivesithi imfundo. Namuhla sizoxoxa mayelana pedagogy pre-school.

Oku-esikoleni pedagogy - igatsha isayensi Pedagogical, okuyinto study bekhulisa kanye nemfundo izingane zasenkulisa. Okungukuthi, kuba isisekelo, isisekelo ikusasa lalowo muntu. Yingakho ukuba zasenkulisa nezimfuneko pedagoam kakhulu, eliphezulu kakhulu.

Futhi ngaqala ukwakha pre-school pedagogy njengoba isayensi bedle owaziwa usosayensi-uthisha, omunye "obaba" ka pedagogy, Yana Amosa Comenius. Waqale yabhekisela yokuthi izingane zidinga njengoba sithanda ukusho, "ukuba sihlanganyele" kusukela ekuzalweni, ukuthi kuphela indlela olunzulu bekhulisa nemfundo unika imiphumela ehloniphekile. Zonke izinsolo zabo kule ndaba futhi amalungiselelo eziyisisekelo zasenkulisa pedagogy, umsebenzi wayo futhi indima ekwakhiweni umuntu echazwe encwadini "Umzali School", okuyinto akalilahlile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo namuhla.

Imisebenzi zasenkulisa pedagogy kunalokho obschirny. Okokuqala, kulolu cwaningo kanye nekwentiwa ncono qualitative yenqubo zokufundisa abantwana. Okwesibili, pedagogy zasenkulisa wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa amafomu amasha futhi izindlela imfundo, nemfundo, okubandakanya imisebenzi yocwaningo, eqhuba Izilingo ezingokwengqondo zemfundo futhi ucwaningo. Kodwa umsebenzi oyinhloko wabo bonke takii ukusebenza ngqo ingane, ukwakheka imibono yakhe, izinkolelo, amakhono lolwazi, amakhono ukuveza self siqu, ngibeke isisekelo ukuze iqhubekisele phambili imfundo ukuqeqeshwa.

buka Ngasekuqaleni kwaba ukuthi ingane kumele inikwe ukuthuthukisa samostotelno, kanye imizila lapho kuyoba kuhle, "hhayi ukuthi liphazamisane imvelo", futhi kakade othisha esikoleni zonke uyolungisa. Ukuthi izingane rasli angafakiwe ingxenye kakhulu. With ukuthuthukiswa ukucabanga, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi Psychology pedagogy, isithakazelo ikhuphukile ezikhathini ukuthi manje singaxoxa mayelana izigaba kumiswa umuntu, kusukela ekuzalweni, pedagogy zasenkulisa buye baba ingxenye ebalulekile Ukuphila kwanoma imuphi cheloecheskogo umphakathi. It ngokushesha athuthukiswe 19 ngasekupheleni - kwelama-20. ithonya Special ukuthuthukiswa walo kwakunamafasitela Zh.Zh.Russo, ngubani isihambile ezintsha ngaleso sikhathi abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye zemvelo imfundo, imfundo zabasebenzi; Pestalozzi, ngubani prevozglashal isimiso self-ukuthuthukiswa, F.V.Frebel owaba umhlaziyi lokunakekela ingane isencane futhi Ukusabalala ezinikezele lolu daba ingxenye enkulu amaphepha kwawo kwezesayensi. It Froebel wavula lokuqala ngo-1840, pre-school, okuyinto wazala igama enkulisa (ngokoqobo ne Nemec - enkulisa), lapho isisekelo semfundo kubhekwe yokumodela, Ekwenza Umlingiswa nemidlalo asathuthuka.

Preschool pedagogy athuthukile hhayi ngiyabonga kuphela izinkanyiso Western. A neqhaza nentuthuko esenziwa baseRussia. Ngokwesibonelo, uKonstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky, yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umfundisi othisha", uye wazakhela uhlelo zokuqeqeshwa kothisha, okuyinto kulekelelwa ezimbalwa esasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Ushinsky wakhuthaza ukuthuthukisa okupheleleko futhi evumelanayo ubuntu, ukwehluleka ukubeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa izimfanelo ezithile abanye abantu, ngokuba imfundo yokuziphatha.

Ekhuluma pedagogy zasenkulisa, akunakwenzeka ingasaphathwa Adelaide Semyonovna Simonovic. Wayengeyena nje umhlaziyi imfundvo yasetinkhulisa (ebhukwinitifundvo ebhaliwe "amanothi Olungokoqobo mayelana ngabanye kanye nemfundo yezingane ezincane" ukuqhubeka ukushicilela ngokuthi "enkulisa"), kodwa futhi umkhuba - wasebenza izinkulisa Tiflis futhi Petersburg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uwuvule sabaqalayo ikhokhwe Petersburg, lapho umkhuba ikufakazele ayekucabanga ngokubaluleka ubunye esithobayo ngokwenyama nangokomoya.

Njengoba ubona, zasenkulisa pedagogy kwaba ngempela ibanga elide futhi namuhla inqubo yentuthuko yayo asebenzayo.