NCO: Indaba isihloko

Army - kuyinto emhlabeni ekhethekile nemithetho lwaso namasiko aso, isigaba sabaphathi esiqinile nokuhlukanisa ecacile yemfanelo. Futhi izikhulu junior njalo, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi amabutho aseRoma, kwaba isixhumanisi omkhulu phakathi amasosha abavamile kanye nabasebenzi abaphezulu uyayala. Namuhla ake sixoxe izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe. Ngubani-ke futhi ukuthi imisebenzi abasenzela ibutho?

Umlando ukuvela kwegama elithi

Sizokwenza ukuthi ubani isiphathimandla non-ethunywe. ezinhlwini ezempi uhlelo waqala ukuthatha ukuma eRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII leholele yempi yokuqala avamile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwenzeka ushintsho oluncane kuphela - futhi ezingaphezu kuka iminyaka engamakhulu amabili, izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali cishe enjalo. Ngemva inguquko ka 1917 , ohlelweni Russian bezigaba lempi kuye kwaba nezinguquko ezinkulu, kodwa manje iningi izihloko ezindala namanje zisebenzisa ~ e impi.

Ekuqaleni, kwakungekho ukuhlukana esiqinile phakathi kwababusi phakathi kwababusi aphansi. I Strelets amabutho indima eyadlalwa junior izinduna phoyisa. Khona-ke, nge obhekwe ibutho njalo, isigaba esisha ezinhlwini engezansi ibutho - izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe. Igama livela German. Futhi Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane, njengoba isikhathi esiningi ukuboleka abavela kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokubusa Petra Velikogo. Nguye owadala yempi yokuqala Russian njalo. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi unter German kusho "ephansi".

ibutho Russian lempi C XVIII leminyaka lifaka idigri yokuqala lahlukaniswa laba amaqembu amabili: izikhulu abavamile futhi okungezona wathuma. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi esikhathini wezikhali kanye Cossack amatutu aphansi ezinhlwini ezempi kanye ngokuthi umdubuli kambayimbayi Usayitsheni ngokulandelana.

Izindlela ukuthola isihloko

Ngakho, i-non-ethunywe isikhulu - yizinga eziphansi impela kwezikhulu zempi. Thola ukuthi ihhovisi kungaba ngezindlela ezimbili. Ezicukuthwaneni ukuba acele ku isikhundla aphansi ngokushesha ngaphandle umsebenzi. Khona-ke bakhuthaza futhi wathola induna yayo esiseqophelweni eliphezulu. Ekhulwini XVIII, lesi simo sekubangele ukunqwabelana omkhulu emaphoyiseni non-ethunywe, ikakhulukazi Labaqaphi, lapho iningi uthanda ukukhonza.

Bonke abanye kwadingeka lidonse iminyaka emine, ngaphambi kokuthola elisezingeni Ensign futhi usayitsheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhundla sokuba isikhulu nedvoryane ungase uthole for oluvelele sokunconywa lempi.

Yini izikhulu iphathwa izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe

Eminyakeni engu-200 edlule ku rừng aphansi wezempi lifaka kwakukhona izinguquko. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe kufakwe kulezi ziqu ezilandelayo:

1. Ensign futhi uLieutenant zauryad - eziphezulu ze-non-ethunywe isikhulu kwababusi.
2. Usayitsheni-ezinkulu (kula mabutho, wayegqoke elisezingeni Usayitsheni) - isiphathimandla non-ethunywe ngubani usesikhundleni maphakathi isikhundla phakathi ukhoporali and sub-ensigns. Wakhonza njengephayona umsizi inkampani umkhuzi ngoba izindaba kwezomnotho kanye oda yangaphakathi.
3. Senior isikhulu non-ethunywe - umsizi Leli qembu kumlawuli, amasosha aphakeme ngokushesha. Kwadingeka yenkululeko ukuzimela e imfundo nokuqeqeshwa besigaba futhi ifayela. Ukuze ugcine oda iyunithi amasosha enikezwa ngubo nasemsebenzini.
4. Usayitsheni Junior - iyona ngokushesha ephakeme esiphezulu futhi ifayela. Yaqala lapho imfundo yakhe futhi ukuqeqeshwa lamasosha, wayebasiza ukuba izigceme lakhe lezempi futhi wawahola empini. Ekhulwini XVII ebuthweni isiRashiya, esikhundleni junior non-ethunywe isikhulu elisezingeni ukhoporali ayekhona. Yena kwakungekaNkulunkulu ephansi isikhundla kwezempi. Ukhoporali ebuthweni yesimanje Russian - nosayitsheni junior. US Army namanje elisezingeni Lance Corporal.

Isikhulu Non-ethunywe yebutho imperial

Lapho kuvele Russian-Japanese futhi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kumiswa izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe yebutho tsarist enamathiselwe obaluleke ngokukhethekile. Ukuze kweso isibalo sezikhungo ibutho azange abe izikhulu ngokwanele, futhi izikole bamasosha nabo abakwazanga babhekane nalesi msebenzi. esifushane oyimpoqo awavunyelwe ukulungiselela lempi okhokhelwayo. UMnyango neMpi is bayazama ukugcina ibutho izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe, lapho amathemba amakhulu ku imfundo nokuqeqeshwa besigaba futhi ifayela. Kancane kancane waqala ukwaba ekhethekile ungqimba ochwepheshe. Kwanqunywa ukuba siqhubeke kabusha zicela kuze wesithathu inani elingaphansi simo kwezikhulu zempi.

-Enlisted laliqala ukwanda imali, balungisa a izinzuzo yesikhathi esisodwa. izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe abaye bakhonza phezu esiyiminyaka engu-15, ngo-ukuxoshwa banikezwa ilungelo impesheni.

Ibutho tsarist izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe abaye baba nendima enkulu ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa besigaba futhi ifayela. Kwakumelwe obhekene balondoloze ukuhleleka amayunithi amasosha zinikwa ingubo, wayenelungelo lokwenqaba ukuba asimukise ajwayelekile amayunithi wahlanganyela kusihlwa roll.

Ukuqedwa ephansi ezinhlwini lempi

Ngemva Revolution kuka-1917, zonke zezikhulu empi uyekwa. Nakulokhu futhi bangena ezinhlwini lempi kwangena ngo-1935. Kwababusi nosayitsheni, izikhulu eziphezulu junior non-ethunywe zimiselelwe abasebasha futhi sergeants amadala, usayitsheni Ensign baba okwaziyo futhi zauryad-Ensign - Ensign yesimanje. Ubuntu abaningi abadumile kwekhulu XX waqala inkonzo yakhe ebuthweni olingana isikhulu non-ethunywe: G. K. Zhukov, K. K. Rokossovsky, V. K. Blyuher, G. Kulik, imbongi UNikolai Gumilyov.