DC. Electric DC wesifunda: ukubala

DC lihamba indlela ethile nge icala izinhlayiya. Kwesinye anamuhla kungenziwa ngokuthi ezifana amperage noma voltage, okuyizinto unomphela isiqondiso nokubaluleka.

Cabanga isici yayo, ukusetshenziswa, kanye wesifunda kagesi DC. Izimpendulo umbuzo kanjani ucwaningo lwenziwa wesifunda kagesi, nokuthi ibalwe kanjani, kanye nabanye.

Kusukela yokuhlanganisa lokususa noma okuphambene nalokho?

Umthombo electron ukuhambisa ukusuka kunani lokususa kuya plus. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wonke umuntu uyazi ngakho, ubhekwa isiqondiso esivela yokuhlanganisa lokususa. Kazi kungani? Sichaza ukuthi kwenzeka emlandweni. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngempela? Phela, leli "umlando" uye kwezinye isikhathi ngokuphelele ezingelutho isikhathi.

I DC kuyizinto eziyinhloko imithetho kagesi: umthetho Ohm sika nemithetho Kirchhoff sika. Ngokuthi wamanje kukagesi isetshenziswa, njengoba wathola ngenxa yokusabela kukagesi. Lapho kagesi waqala ukuba kwenziwe endlini kwakuyizindlela mpikiswano ezinzima ngendlela ukungena wamanje: DC noma AC. "Impi" iwine wesibili, ngoba kwaba engabizi. Kulula kakhulu ukudlulisa olude ngenxa ushintsho lula.

Kangakanani DC

Kodwa alukapheli kusukela ukusetshenziswa zamanje ngqo. Isifunda Electrical DC atholakala, isibonelo, amabhethri.

Lamanje eyenziwe lokungeniswa kagesi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho Ehlala senzeka ngalendoda. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela ukhiqiza yokuphehla ugesi, eyenza futhi kuveza lwamanje njalo. izifunda Direct zamanje kungenziwa siguqulwe kusuka kushintshana converters ngenxa kanye rectifiers.

sphere kwesicelo

Ukusetshenziswa lolu hlobo kabanzi. Iningi ekhaya Imishini, isibonelo, eye- ikhompyutha, ukukhokhiswa umakhalekhukhwini, processor kagesi noma ukudla isebenzisa wamanje njalo. Isifunda Electrical DC ikhiqizwa futhi waguquka waba motor generator iyiphi idivayisi ephathekayo. It eziqhutshwa zonke izinjini zezimboni, futhi kwamanye amazwe ngisho imigqa ephezulu voltage yokudlulisela kagesi. Ngisho kwamanye amadivaysi ezokwelapha isetshenziswa.

zamanje ngqo ivikeleke kakhulu, kusukela ukushaqeka ebulalayo kungenzeka uma umthelela 300 ma futhi ngezinye kwenombolo - kakade 50-100 ma.

wesifunda kagesi

Ukuxhumana unikezwa wonke amadivaysi ngawo ukudluliswa Kwenziwa, ukusatshalaliswa ukushisa kanye nenguquko ezinhlobo kagesi, elikhanyayo noma ezinye kolwazi namandla. Izinqubo ichazwe ngala amabutho electromotive, kokubili wamanje kanye voltage.

izakhi eziyisisekelo izifunda kagesi DC

Izakhi main - imithombo umamukeli namandla ulwazi, yokuxhuma babashayeli. Imithombo izinhlobo ezahlukene amandla iguqulwe ibe amandla kagesi. Futhi bona abamukelayo, kunalokho, ugesi ingena nezinye izinhlobo.

Chain, lapho ukuguqulwa, ukuwudlulisa reception kwamandla kagesi kwenzeka njalo wamanje kanye voltage ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngokuthi DC izifunda. Lapho inqubo kuyinto inani lefonti - AC izifunda.

Ukubala nokuhlola ukufunda wesifunda kagesi (umsebenzi laboratory le njongo ngokuvamile) DC esikhundleni isikimu sisetshenziswa, isb i wesifunda idealized kuhlaziywa yangempela. Ukuze uthole it, udinga esikhundleni zonke izici wesifunda. izinqubo Physical Kumelwe luboniswe incazelo zezibalo ngayinye.

izakhi resistive

I Resistor ingenye kagesi wesifunda abamukelayo. It libhekene ukumelana, okuyinto ulinganiswa ohms. Ukumelana Resistive noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, yethulwe zingene asebenzayo esikhundleni uhlelo ukuze kubhekelelwe amandla kagesi is ibe nezinye izinhlobo.

Ukubalwa eziyinkimbinkimbi DC kagesi izifunda wenza uma isethiwe isiqondiso efanele bonke imisinga kanye voltages. isiqondiso ekhethiwe we-node kokuba obunamandla a node ezingaba aphansi.

Lapho ukumelana Resistor ngale ngokuthi zamanje yomugqa, futhi wesifunda kagesi - resistive komugqa. Isici zamanje yamandla aphindeke kabili esashiwo umsebenzi komugqa edabula imvelaphi.

Esikhathini ukuhlaziya izifunda ezifana avame ukusetshenziswa lula isimiso owakhiwa esikhundleni izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze elula wesifunda kagesi. Kodwa voltage zamanje futhi akufanele ukushintsha. Khona-ke iketango ngeke iphele kuze kube ifomu silula. izakhi United resistive kufanele iguqulwe ngokulinganisa kanye chungechunge.

uxhumano Ngokulandelana kanye parallel

Ngo uchungechunge ukuxhumaneka ngaphansi kwazo zonke yeseli yamanje inenani elifanayo. Lapha, voltage kunqunywa Inani lawo wonke ukumelana kufakwe iphindaphindwe mina, okungukuthi:

U = (ngo-R1 + u-R2 + RN) Mina = RI.

Lapho uxhumano parallel sisetshenziswa zinamandla njalo, kodwa lwamanje isamba Imisinga ngamunye izakhi. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo imelelwa umkhiqizo voltage phezu conductance okulingana izakhi asebenzayo. Futhi yena, yona, lilingana isamba conductivities izici. Nakhu ungaphakathi DC.

Electric DC wesifunda, ngaphezu, iqukethe voltage imithombo zamanje.

imithombo

Independent voltage (EMF, lamanje) ibizwa ngokuthi lwaluvelaphi kusukela wesifunda ukumelana zangaphandle. Umthombo voltage (voltage) kukalwa at eyize, okungukuthi, lapho wamanje yomthombo zero. Okulingana izifunda Resistor ivumela ukulahlekelwa ukushisa amandla awo adedelwa emthonjeni. Uma kungu-zero, futhi umthombo wamanje - infinity, ukuthi - umthombo ekahle. Real njalo inenani ezilinganiselwe.

izici sangaphandle zimi kanje: at imithombo EMF futhi kuphakama voltage kwencika kusukela wamanje ogelezayo, kuyilapho umthombo wamanje - we voltage ngesikhathi ezikhumulweni.

imithombo angempela izindawo komugqa futhi non-eqondile. Cabangela izindlela ekubalweni kagesi izifunda komugqa oqondile zamanje. Bachazwa emthethweni Ohm sika lesifunda sakhona Imininingwane, lapho mina = E / (RH + RBH). Khona-ke u-= E RbhI. Lezi amafomula zihlobene ukumelana kwangaphakathi kanye conductivity yangaphakathi:

• RBH = ΔU / ΔI;
• Gbh = ΔI / ΔU.

Ukubalwa non-eqondile kagesi DC wesifunda kusekelwe emthethweni Kirchhoff sika. Izindlela Ukumeda ngoba komugqa nelezifunda non-eqondile zihlukile. Ngakho-ke, lona wamuva kulesi sihloko awacatshangwa.

Iinsetjenziswa zokukhwela yokulinganisa kwesigaba komugqa

Electric capacitance DC wesifunda yakhiwa imithombo. Umbutho, wokulinganisa yayo zihlanganisa: a voltmeter ngoba ekukaleni voltage yonkana ingxenye wesifunda kanye ammeter zochungechunge uxhumano kulesi sifunda. Ngezinye zero yangaphakathi ukumelana futhi conductivity amathuluzi lehlukene tibalulekile kakhulu.

izindlela ukufakwa lacaca nakakhulu uma kucatshangelwa nokusetshenziswa impedance nesilinganiso. Ngu Ohm thetho R = U / I.

Siyazi ukuthi amathuluzi real zinenani zero. ongakhetha ezimbili kuphela-ke kungenzeka ukufakwa:

• ukumelana sangaphakathi voltmeter izikhathi ammeter ngaphezulu kulinganiswa - yokuthi voltage iconsi kuso hhayi ukunciphisa ukwehla ukumelana alinganiswe futhi voltage ukuthi kukalwa a voltmeter kumele ifane ububanzi yokusebenza;
• ukumelana sangaphakathi voltmeter kuyinto sokuboshwa isikhathi esilingana elinganisiwe futhi ammeter - ngokuphawulekayo esingaphansi kulinganiswa.

Ukuhlolwa nokulawula izabelo umsebenzi

Ukuze voltage zamanje izilinganiso, le ugesi efanele. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kukalwa ukushintsha yabo.

Voltmeter futhi ammeter lafakwe AB1 block.

Ukulinganisa ukumelana izikimu akhethekile isicelo. Umthombo ukumelana sangaphakathi amandla electromotive ukuba disengaged.

Esimweni oluncamelayo, okumele ukulawula umsebenzi, busebenze DC kufundvwe nangokunquma kwemigomo umthombo amandla electromotive, umthombo zamanje, nesilinganiso impedance, cwaningo ukufakwa kuqondane and chungechunge resistances Vac.