HPP - a ... Shushenskaya HPP

HPP - isikhungo esakhiwe phezu komfula ngenjongo energy conversion kube nomsinga kagesi. Omunye izakhiwo eyinhloko emifula izitshalo amandla ezimweni eziningi kuyinto amadamu amabhlogo isiteshi.

HPP kanjani

iziteshi amandla kagesi - kuba njalo kubalulekile emnothweni into isimo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, futhi uphawu intuthuko yezimboni. Kodwa, naphezu omkhulukazi, ezifana izindawo ezinkulu abanazo elula zokusebenza isimiso.

Ekuqaleni, amanzi yanikezwa Hydro ophephela izindwani aboshelwe egumbini lenjini. amandla zokugcina ukujikeleza is adluliselwe ku-generator. ugesi Kwenziwe ihlinzekwa emigqeni amandla uhlelo in esifundeni.

Isisekelo sanoma ibuphi sici HPP Yiqiniso, amandla awo. Lokhu isici, esikhundleni salokho, kuncike inani siwela ngokusebenzisa ophephela amanzi umfutho. Lapho lesi sibalo yokugcina, ayanda esiteshini edamini.

zezitshalo

Ngakho, HPP - ngesilinganiso luhlobo abalulekile lakhiwa phezu komfula. Okwamanje emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela izinhlobo ezinkulu emifula izitshalo amandla:

• amadamu;

• umdlalo.

Kulo mBhalo, ugesi usebenzisa ukucindezela yamanzi imbobo egatsheni noma Umhubhe. umdlalo eyakhelwe HPP ngokuvamile entabeni akuyona emifuleni ubanzi kakhulu nge imisinga enamandla.

Elements evamile ukwakhiwa HPP

Ngaphezu edamini, ukwakhiwa emifula izitshalo amandla Kwakhiwa, futhi izakhiwo ezifana:

• Umthombo;
• kuphuma;
• sudopriemniki nenhlanzi isitebhisi;
• idivayisi amanzi osenyameni;
• dispenser.

Lesi sakhiwo itholakala HPP umshini ihholo nge ophephela abaphehla ugesi kanye nama-generator.

Kuyini esiteshini derivational

Lesi simila Hydropower - lena into ekhethekile njalo yamisa emgqeni nge eyehlelayo emaweni. Amanzi la thutheleka fula ngaphansi nengcindezi enamandla ngendlela engokwemvelo, ngakho ukuhlomisa edamini Kulokhu akudingekile. Flow e HPS ezinjalo isakhiwo eziyinhloko abaphehla ugesi uwela ngqo. Kwesigubhu ngokuvamile wadala, kodwa endaweni ezimweni eziningi ezincane kakhulu. amadamu kudingekile nganoma emifula amandla izitshalo yalolu hlobo kuphela ukulungisa ukugeleza.

Yini HPS kukhona eRussia?

nemishini ephehla ugesi ngamanzi eyakhelwe eRussia, yebo, okuningi. Iningi le misebenzi njengoba kwamaSoviet. Eyokuqala kakhulu Hydropower isitshalo eyakhelwe indawo yezwe lethu, baba Zyryanskaya. Yakhelwe lesi sakhiwo ngo Tsarist iRussia ngo 1892. Kwakuwusuku esiteshini esincane enikeza ugesi kuya wendawo yamalahle amanzi okwami.

Phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet uhulumeni eselineminyaka uhlelo GOERLO global lapho iminyaka 10-15, izwe obekumele ukwakha amandla kagesi nge umthamo Imininingwane ukuba 21.254 ayizinkulungwane. L / s. Kuze kube manje, izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu emifula izitshalo amandla Russian Federation yilezi:

• Sayano-Shushenskaya (Sayanogorsk) ephethe namandla 6.4 GV;
• Krasnoyarskaya (Divnogorsk) - 6 GV;
• Bratskaya (eBratsk) - 4,52 GV;
• Ust-Ilminsky - 3.84 GV;
• Boguchinskaya (Kodinsk) - 3 GV;
• Zhigulevskaya - 2.4 TS;
• Bureyskaya - 2.01 GV;
• Cheboksarskaya (Novocheboksarsk) - 1.4 GV;
• Saratov (Balakovo) - 1.38 GV;
• Zeyskaya (Zea) - 1.33 GV;

Futhi, into ngokwanele esikhulu Nizhnekamskaya HPP (Chelny). Amandla kulesi siteshi kuyinto 1.25 TS. Umnikazi kuyinto JSC "Generation Inkampani" futhi "Tatenergo". Yakhelwe esiteshini eMfuleni Kama.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: Umlando

Ngawo lamandla esiteshini emifula, okuyinto ingxenye Yenisei wendlale, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke kuleli zwe. Minyaka yonke ke ukhiqiza i isilinganiso yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 23.5 kWh / h kukagesi. Uthe lesi sinqumo senziwa nguhulumeni wase-USSR ku ukwakhiwa kwalesi Sayano-Shushenskaya amandla esiteshini ngo-1961. Ingabe ukusebenza ezakhiweni aso eqala ngo-1968 Ngo-1978, idamu Sayano-Shushenskaya yagcwala. Ngokusemthethweni, ukwakhiwa esiteshini yaqedwa kuphela ngo-2000.

Ukwakhiwa amandla kagesi ephelezelwa, ngeshwa, kuhlanganise zonke izinhlobo zokuhlupheka. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa izikhathi eziningana wabhubhisa Spillway, futhi Dam kwakhiwa imifantu. Ekugcineni, Nokho, nahlulele by imibiko zeminyaka eyedlule, zonke lezi zinkinga ziye ukuxazululwa ngempumelelo.

izici esiteshini

Kutholwe Sayano-Shushenskaya amandla kagesi esiteshini eduze nedolobhana Cheryomushki eduze Sayanogorsk eMfuleni Yenisei. Okwamanje, kuba ikakhulukazi isakhiwo isethelwe amayunithi 10, amandla 640 MW ngamunye. Ngo ukusebenza, kuyilapho ngeshwa, kukhona amayunithi 8 kuphela. Abaphehla ugesi kulesi siteshi setha brand enamandla kakhulu RO-230 / 833-0-677, ezisebenza inhloko ukalwe 194 amamitha. Ukuphakama edamini HPP kuyinto 245 m. Le ndawo ezakhiwe ukwakhiwa esiteshini kwesigubhu kuyinto 621 km ^2.

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa sokuphehla amandla wawudla izindwali ingqikithi 35.600 amahektha yokulima. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke uhlehlisiwe njengoba izinhlobo 2717 ezahlukene zezakhiwo. Amanzi kwesigubhu HPP izici ikhwalithi enhle, ngakho ezansi amapulazi ezimbalwa ezizayo onguchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa trout lahlelwa. Reservoir itholakala Sayano-Shushenskaya esiteshini kanyekanye ezifundeni ezintathu: Khakassia, zaseTuva futhi Krasnoyarsk Territory. On lidla izindwani, phakathi kwezinye izinto, izenzo kanye Sayano-Shushenskaya Biosphere Reserve.

Le ngozi ngesikhathi Shushenskaya HPP 2009

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye ngesikhathi Sayano-Shushenskaya amandla kagesi esiteshini kwakukhona ingozi embi kakhulu, zabulala abantu 75. Agasti 17, 2009 ehholo ophephela lesi sakhiwo esikhulu ngenxa ukulimala iyunithi wokubacindezela lesibili kwakukhona ukukhishwa amanzi amaningi samanzi. Ukuthululela umfula wayishaya nithela amakholomu saleso sakhiwo, ezilimele imishini efakwe kuwo. Ngenxa yalokho yamanzi ingress kwezinye ugesi emifula awahlelanga, futhi enye, zonke kwabhujiswa. Zonke izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe elise ngezansi 327, ziye enezikhukhula.

Eqeda imithelela ekuqaleni le ngozi iphoqa abasebenzi esiteshini. Were osonkontileka kamuva abathintekayo. Ngasekupheleni sivala wokubacindezela Ochwepheshe wathatha amahora mayelana 9 futhi imizuzu engu-20. Amanzi inflow egumbini lenjini sanqamuka. Ngokuvamile, ukuthi umsebenzi ayisuse imiphumela yale ngozi yahanjelwa ayizinkulungwane 2.7. Abantu futhi ezingaphezu kuka-200 imishini. Ukuvimbela amanzi angangeni ihholo kwadingeka ukwakha ukwakhiwa zenkulumo, ubude wawuyizinkulungwane 9683 amamitha.