UK. Ukuphela kwenkathi uVictoria njengoba isikhathi ngokuchuma enkulu yezwe

Sunset wokubusa zeNdlovukazi uVictoria libhekene ukuzinza kanye solvency - izimfanelo zazikujabulela ezweni like-United Kingdom.

Ukuphela kwenkathi uVictoria. isifinyezo

ukuphila zezombangazwe nezenhlalo eNgilandi phakathi nengxenye kwekhulu XIX eyaziwa ngokuthi inkathi uVictoria yesibili. Ekupheleni kwekhulu eBrithani kwaba umdlali ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni kwezepolitiki. Lesi sikhathi libhekene ekuqiniseni isikhundla yezwe, ukugcinwa ohlanga yasebukhosini futhi isimo clout ezikhulayo zezimali ukuthi nezinye States ukunikeza-United Kingdom.

Ukuphela kwenkathi uVictoria

Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukwanda jikelele kutemnotfo, phakatsi kwalokunye khona eminye imibuso yezwe.

Ijubane ukuthuthukiswa komnotho UK unqabile kancane ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi inqubo lokuhlushwa amabhange iphelile. Inhlokodolobha imali zezwe e-United Kingdom. Ukuphela kwenkathi uVictoria kwaphawulwa ukwakheka "big emihlanu" amabhange eLondon. Amandla inhloko lonke uhlelo yasebhange yezwe iyiswe yasebhange London. Pound kwaba lwemali main e ukuthengiselana omhlaba.

Kumephu emhlabeni kwakungekho muzi impucuko, lapho kwakungekho yasebhange egatsheni laseBrithani. Isiyonke imali zokuthenga ngesikweletu British bezingaphansi Amahhovisi ezingaphezu kuka 2.280 emhlabeni wonke ngo-1913. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuholela osomabhizinisi waseBrithani waqala ukuba banake kwamanye amazwe: Belgium steel Russian izitshalo, zendwangu Izigayo eFrance naseSpain, inkampani kawoyela femu eNetherlands. Kodwa inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke waletha imali ukuthekelisa non-European amazwe. Ningizimu Melika futhi amakoloni British baba eziseqhulwini izimali utshalomali okuyinto zitholakala UK.

Ukuphela kwenkathi uVictoria abayekanga ukukhula, kodwa kuphela behlisa phansi. ukuhoxiswa Active ebangele ukwehla imali amabhizinisi itholakale ezweni uqobo. Nokho, impendulo yombuzo othi ka onjani isimo European futhi kulokho nkathi yesikhathi kwadingeka amazinga aphakeme sokuthuthuka komnotho, lokhu-United Kingdom, ekupheleni kwenkathi uVictoria.

Ibanga 8 secondary school sesivele umqondo amaqembu ezombusazwe njengoba amabutho ezithinta inqubomgomo yangaphakathi yezwe.

Ukwakheka zezombusazwe

E-UK, izinqubomgomo yangaphakathi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kwakhiwa amaqembu amabili ezepolitiki (Liberals futhi emthethweni). Emthethweni wazwakalisa izithakazelo kwabanikazi bamazwe ezinkulu, umholi wabo wathabathela B. Disraeli. Liberals wazwakalisa izithakazelo zabantu abasesigabeni esiphakathi zaziba, okumelelwe W. Gladstone.

Womabili amaqembu waphikelela kuchungechunge yezinguquko nokushintsha uhlelo lokhetho kuleli zwe. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-60-yalolucwaningo. Disraeli waqaphela kabusha ePhalamende, ukwandisa inani abavoti ezingaba, kabani izwe kwaba-United Kingdom. Ukuphela kwenkathi uVictoria empilweni party yezwe libhekene Gladstone, owachitha eziningi imithetho yezenhlalakahle ukuba ngcono izimpilo abampofu. Ngakho, abangu iziteleka kanye iziteleka lezisebenzi avunyelwe, ukhansele umsebenzi kwabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka 10 ama cooperatives avunyelwe nezinyunyana, ngesikhathi esinomkhawulo.

umbuzo Irish

It zabhebhethekisa "umbuzo Irish" Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Eminyakeni engu-400 ukubuswa eBritish awazange ayiphule isifiso ukuzimela Irish. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela sabantu Irish ngokwenza ukuhlelwa kabusha komhlaba kanye ukusungulwa ukuzibusa (Ikhaya Rule) eliholwa Charles Parnell. Wayeke wakuzama zonke izindlela kunokwenzeka ukuziqhakambisa izinkinga-Ireland. Ephalamende umthetho ekhaya umthetho ayizange iphumelele, kodwa Irish bezilokhu baphakamise emalungelo ato, kanye nayo iBritish, ekugcineni, kwadingeka ayeke.

inqubomgomo angaphandle

"Ukuzihlukanisa Elihle" - nkulumo yethulwa UK. Ukuphela kwenkathi uVictoria kuleli zwe libhekene inhliziyo yasebukhosini. amakoloni Huge futhi kwezepolitiki uholé yezwe "kuvelela" lapho wayengenazo obambisene nabo, waqondisa kuphela izinto abafuna ukuziphishekela. bemisa amakoloni safinyelela amplitude esiphezulu, inani endaweni Empire idlule kwezigidi ezingu-33 sq. km.

izithakazelo British ekuthuthukiseni imali entsha idayimane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zegolide kwaholela iMpi Boer, nokuyinto eyaphela ngo-1901, kokunqotshwa kwe amabhunu futhi ngaphakathi dalo of Dominions - mbumbulu ezimele uthi njengengxenye WaseBrithani.