Ontology - imfundiso yefilosofi ekhona zabo

Ontology - baphenya zefilosofi ku ubunjalo khona, abe ngokoqobo, izinhlobo eziyisisekelo nenhlalakahle kanye nobuhlobo babo. Ngokwesiko kubhekwa ingxenye umkhakha enjalo zefilosofi njengoba Metaphysics. Ontology Ikhuluma izindaba ezikhona, futhi kanjani lezi zinkampani angaqoqwa ngokuvumelana yokwehlayo ezivamile, sihlukene phakathi ngokusho letifanako kanye netintfo letehlukile. Ngaphezu ontology eliyisisekelo ekubhekaneni imithetho jikelele yokuphila, kunezindlela eziningi sub-izigaba, kokuba Injongo asho into ethile (isib, ontology zesiko).

Igama elithi "ontology" yakhiwa izimpande YesiGreki "Ontos", okusho ukuthi "izinto; kuyini lokho? "futhi" logo ", okusho "Isayensi, ithiyori, ucwaningo." Futhi nakuba livela esiGrekini, kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala amazwi atholakala ematheksthi labhaliwe ngesiLatini. NgesiNgisi buvela isichazamazwi Natanielya Beyli e 1721, okuyinto ichazwa ngokuthi "incazelo abstract yokuphila." Yiqiniso, uqinisekisa ukuthi ngesikhathi leli zwi kakade.

Ngo ahlaziye nefilosofi ontology - ngemfundiso okuyinto waziphatha sokunquma izigaba eziyinhloko ekubeni futhi uyabuza, "khona" ngamuphi umqondo can izakhi kulesi sigaba. Lolu cwaningo okuhloswe ngaso ukuba umuntu ahlale yedwa, abangenalo injongo ukuthola, isibonelo, izakhiwo ngabanye kanye amaqiniso amaningi ahlobana izinhlangano ezithile.

Ukuzama ukuxazulula inkinga ontology, abanye zefilosofi, ikakhulukazi Platonists, wagomela ngokuthi wonke amagama (kuhlanganise emabito etintfo longeke watibona) ubheke empeleni ekhona. Okunye zefilosofi bakuphikisa lokhu ngokududula umbono wokuthi emabito musa awuxhomekile nezidalwa, kodwa ezinye zazo isho ireferensi iqembu lezinto ezifanayo noma izenzakalo. Ngokusho zakamuva, ingqondo, esikhundleni ezikhomba izinto, libhekisela eqenjini imihlola engqondo, umuntu ovuthiwe. Ngakho, igama elithi "umphakathi" lihlotshaniswa isithombe lilonke abantu abanayo ezinye izimfanelo, kodwa igama elithi "i-geometry" lihlotshaniswa umsebenzi othize bokusungula.

Phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili, emelela okwangempela futhi nominalism, kunamanye amaphuzu amaningana buka, kodwa iyiphi ontology - kuyinto isayensi, okumele ukunikeza umbono walokho imiqondo ubheke ngokoqobo, lokho - akukho, ngasiphi isizathu futhi yini izigaba esinayo ngenxa yalokho. Lapho isifundo esifanayo kuhilela ngemiqondo efana isikhala, isikhathi, isizathu, injabulo, contact, amandla ubuNkulunkulu, ontology iba eliyisisekelo maqondana amagatsha amaningi zefilosofi.

Ngakho, i-ontology - imfundiso zefilosofi, isimiso Okusemqoka inkinga yokuba njengoba enjalo. Yini ukuba nalokho ongase abizwe ngokuthi akhona? Ngingaba bahlukanise izinto ngezigaba, futhi uma kunjalo, yini? Iyini injongo yokuphila, ukubaluleka izinto? ongqondongqondo ezahlukene emlandweni nefilosofi ukunikeza izimpendulo ezahlukene zale mibuzo, okungase kubonise isimo inkathi noma isiko.