Custom - Iyini? Izibonelo zomthetho, kazwelonke, amasiko abantu nemikhuba yebhizinisi

Custom - ngokomlando sekuvele umthetho stereotypical zokuziphatha, okuyinto ivezwa eqenjini elithile kwezenhlalo noma umphakathi oba ejwayele amalungu ayo. Njengoba kuyinto evamile iphethini enemininingwane yezenzo esimweni esithile ngokukhethekile, njengesithi indlela yokuphatha abakini, indlela yokuxazulula izingxabano, indlela yokwakha ubudlelwano ibhizinisi, njll imikhuba ephelelwe yisikhathi ngokuvamile indawo nge isikhathi esisha, kufaneleka kakhudlwana izidingo zanamuhla.

"Umkhuba umthetho amadala" - ngakho uthi le Ushakov isichazamazwi. Ake sibheke izibonelo imikhuba bese uzama ukuthola ukuthi ziyini lezo zinto ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokuphila emphakathini.

Njalo uba kokuziphatha iphethini siko?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngokwezifiso kusikisela amaphethini kokuziphatha. Kodwa yokugcina awukwazi njalo ukudlala indima zokuziphatha, njengoba wonke umuntu ithuba lokukhetha omunye izindlela okungenzeka isinyathelo, kuye ngokuthi izithakazelo zabo, imigomo noma izinhloso.

A izindinganiso zomphakathi amasiko akhiwa kuphela uma isimo stereotyped futhi ujwayele isampula ethile yokuziphatha kwabantu kulesi simo. Uma ulandela siko yemvelo futhi akudingi indlela ukuphoqelelwa noma ukulawula ukubulawa, kuba inkambiso kwezenhlalo yokuziphatha.

Isibonelo ukuvela ngokwezifiso zomthetho

Uma ngokwezifiso - kuyinto ngemibono igxilile ukuziphatha, okuyinto ogunyazwe isimo - ke wathola isimo umthetho.

Kumiswa izinqubo ezingokomthetho kuwumphumela iminyaka nakho (nokuthi zingabantu luhluke womthetho ulotshiwe). Ngokwesibonelo, ukudala uhlelo amalungelo sezizwe eCaucasus (okuqondene Russian Federation) uye baba nethonya elikhulu hhayi kuphela umthetho Russian kanye nemithetho Sharia, kodwa futhi eminyaka ubudala isiko zinkomo.

Lezi Yiqiniso, zihlanganisa inhlonipho abadala emndenini (ngawo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, balandise futhi lomkhuba abadumile zokuba nempilo ende Caucasian). Noma, ngokwesibonelo, kwakusalandelwa isiko lokuba umuntu nokukhawulela ukuxhumana nomndeni phakathi abantu ubuhlobo ezahlukene igazi (umalokazana umthetho endlini ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana ngisho ngephutha) - zonke lezi imikhuba ngiye ngazuza isimo kwezinkambiso zomthetho, ogxilile emthethweni.

Ukuba zomthetho, amasiko kanye ukubaluleka zomthetho yilezi: okungukuthi inkantolo noma enye igunya lomphakathi lingasho kubo deku umthetho.

Uma ifoni awasekelwe yiwo zikahulumeni, luhlala ezingeni yamazinga kwansuku yokuziphatha. Ngokwesibonelo, kwakusalandelwa isiko lokuba umuntu igazi impindiselo eCaucasus uvinjelwe ngokomthetho, kodwa empeleni uqhubeke ukhona, noma isiko kazwelonke lwamaSlav "ukugeza" zonke isenzakalo esibalulekile emkhayeni noma emsebenzini, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kude wangaphumelela elwisana umthetho.

Uyini practice zomthetho: isibonelo

Phela, uqaphele ukuthi ukugunyazwa inkambiso yezomthetho wenziwa ngendlela bakuthumela kuye, hhayi kombhalo walo babebeke umthetho. Uma sokuhlanganiswa okwenzeka, umthombo umthetho uba ngokwezifiso nomthethonqubo, lapho kudlalwa.

Izibonelo oda engabhaliwe, okuyinto ngesikhathi sako yasungulwa ezimele ilungelo ukuvula kokuqala ephalamende elisanda kuqokwa wanikezwa gugela ngoba isekela. In the new Russian uMthethosisekelo (Art. 3, Art. 99), lo mkhuba uye wathola isiqinisekiso zomthetho futhi, ngokufanelekile, ibutho eliphakeme zomthetho.

Ukuxhumana umthetho ngokwezifiso

Kufanele futhi ucabangele ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinkambiso zomthetho futhi ekhona kunoma imaphi amasiko umphakathi. Indlela uxhumane imithetho ebekwa amasiko umthetho futhi abantu abazalwa nawo amaqembu ethile yezenhlalakahle noma zomphakathi?

Eziningi zalezi ubudlelwano ziyancipha a embodiments ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo.

• Iwusizo kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi imikhuba kusekelwa kwezinkambiso zomthetho kanye nokuqaliswa zabo, izimo (maqondana ezilindeleke kubadala, anakekele izingane, ezibaluleke kakhulu ubuhlobo impahla, njalo njalo. N.).
• amazinga Legal ngezikhathi nokuxosha yingozi amasiko umphakathi, ezifana, isibonelo, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, noma izizwe ngazinye, ilobolo, Vendetta, intengo umakoti ezinye imithetho Sharia. Kukhona amasiko ahlobene ukungabekezelelani ezinhlanga nezenkolo, okuyinto ngokwemvelo anqunywe isimo.
• Kwezinye izimo, izinkambiso zomthetho abanandaba amasiko, ngokuyisisekelo ezihlobene ubudlelwane obufanele noma ukuziphatha kwabathengi.

Izibonelo zomthetho nokubopha amasiko kazwelonke

Uma isiko Uthola nature kwezomthetho futhi iphoqelelwe ukulawula isimo indlela, kuba isikhundla umuntu omdala ophumelelayo.

Njengoba isibonelo, amasiko asendulo akhohlwe ukuthi kuyafana uhlelo ohlanganyelwe emizaneni Russian. Sinenkosi kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. babe ngesisekelo izenzo zomthetho nezokulawula ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nobudlelwane umhlaba. Zonke izimpikiswano eziphakama phakathi ukusetshenziswa i nesiqephu sezwe esisodwa, zalunga ku umhlangano angadle ngabuhle obutheni dolobhana, wadlulisela icala enkantolo kuphela ezimweni lapho omunye amaqembu kubhekwe ukuthi isinqumo engafanele.

. Umgomo we enkantolo yomthetho enjalo, isibonelo, izinkinga ezifana umonakalo kwezinkomo izitshalo, skew (ukwephulwa kwemingcele ngenkathi ugunda), ayihlwanyelayo nesigaxa eduze, njll uye kakhulu kuye wabizela ngokunembile amasiko buyisela umonakalo elilingana ithonya noma ukunquma kuwufanele yayo: "Wena owahlwanyela kwindlela yami engiyohlwanyela yakho, "" ngoba isivuno okusanhlamvu kuvuna kusukela nhlonhlo seeded ngokungemthetho - 8 izitaki umnikazi, futhi 8.5 -. ukusebenza "

Ubudlelwano komthetho we-civil kanye ezivamile eRussia

Nokho, umkhuba wamajaji Russian Federation kulezizinsuku kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa izinkomba umthetho wesintu, njengoba kuze kube manje uwukakabi ngokuphelele hhayi yathatha isikhathi eside ngokwanele esitebeleni lwetemtsetfo kanye ukwazi umphakathi uyaqhubeka ukushintsha, okuyinto evimbela ukudalwa uhlelo kwemikhuba esungulwe okungathi babe umthombo umthetho.

Kodwa ngokushesha wezwe ekuthuthukiseni umkhuba wokusebenzisa ephetha izinkontileka civil, ngesisekelo sokuhlonipha imithetho ezivamile nemikhuba kanye kumiswa ngendlela efanayo amakhodi yenkampani. Custom - umthombo komthetho, okuyinto kusebenza ngokuyinhloko endaweni umthetho wangasese, njengoba kukhona abahlanganyeli ebuhlotsheni zomthetho abe nenkululeko ethile lokuzikhethela.

Uyini umkhuba ibhizinisi?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngokwezifiso zomthetho mhlawumbe emazweni amaningi sandile komthetho we-civil. Civil Code icacisa ukuthi leli siko ibhizinisi inzuzo - umthetho ezimisiwe zokuziphatha ngokuvamile kusebenza endaweni ethile yebhizinisi, hhayi zinikelwa mthetho futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uku-mbhalo elithile noma cha eqoshiwe.

Ngokwesibonelo, njalo ngoMsombuluko ngesikhathi amabhizinisi eRussia ukuze iqhube imihlangano yokuhlela, travel yamatekisi emadolobheni abaningi kuleli zwe ukuba ukhokhe ngqo emnyango, futhi Irkutsk, kunalokho - uma wena uphume noma ngesikhathi izingxoxo ezenzeka cafe noma yokudlela, uma kungenziwanga eminye esibekiwe, izintokazi bona bamshaya. Lezi imikhuba akunakubangelwa, futhi ukuxhawulana, yokugcizelela umphumela wanoma isiphi isivumelwano kanye ubuqiniso ezithinta irisidi, ogunyazwe ngokugcotshwa isignesha nokunye. N.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi kwaba Umfutho ukuvela imithetho emisha kwezamabhizinisi kanye yebhizinisi. Bona umphelelisi imithetho ekhona kulawo ezimweni lapho yokugcina ayikwazi ngokugcwele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo yimuphi umkhakha ubudlelwane ibhizinisi. Ngakho, ngo-Art. 309 we Code Civil ohlala kuso kuyakhulunywa ngaso, isibonelo, ukuthi izibopho kumele ncamashi ukufanisa izidingo zomthetho noma iziqondiso, noma ngokungabi bikho yalo - amasiko ibhizinisi inzuzo. Isixhumanisi efanayo has art. 82 eziqukethwe Customs Ikhodi WaseRussia.

Indlela ephila ngamasiko esemazweni Russia?

Abantu Russian ukumela amaqembu amaningi yobuhlanga nge isiko ehlukahlukene, amasiko nemikhuba. Lesi sikhundla kuwo wonke umlando isimo wabizela isidingo acabangele isici kazwelonke e ukulawulwa zomthetho.

Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, isimo sengqondo isimo sika kungenzeka isicelo amasiko zazihlukile: ekulandeleni isimiso inkululeko nentuthuko yomuntu ezincane kazwelonke ukuzimisela necala lobugebengu zezinqumo lovela amasiko lalolo hlanga.

Kodwa eRussia, kungakhathaliseki isikhundla esemthethweni, bekulokhu kukhona Lwebulungisa zomthetho, ukudala isimo ngezinye izikhathi isiqondiso double. By endleleni, liye Nokho kwalondolozwa kuze kube kulesi sikhathi samanje, uya ezingeni elisha budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye omuhle (isimo) kanye ilungelo bendabuko.

isiphetho

Njengoba singabona kusukela ngenhla, isiko - eziholela ekuziphatheni ukuthi kungaba umthombo umthetho. Masiko Ushintshe: ingxenye yazo yethulwa umkhuba kwezenhlalo, abanye - kuthiwa ebekwa kwemikhakha ethile imiphakathi, abanye - zibuye ziphelelwe isikhathi futhi zinyamalale.

Customs ukwenza njenge imithetho nokuchibiyela umthetho, kanye izikhombo efanele futhi kungenzeka emphilweni zonke lomphakathi, ziyadalwa abantu, kanye nokusetshenziswa babo bunomthelela ukhulisa ezingeni isiko zomthetho, kanye ekuqongeleleni nakho uhlobano phakathi izakhamuzi isimo, befuna ukumisa umbuso wentando yeningi esibanzi.