Kwezinkambiso Tebuciko futhi izindinganiso zomphakathi zobuciko

Aesthetics njengoba isayensi izama lase ifilosofi ukuthi ufunda imvelo yobuciko nobuhlobo bethu kuso. It wayedabuka ngekhulu le-18 eYurophu futhi athuthukiswe ikakhulukazi e-England, ukutadisha ezindaweni ezifana izinkondlo, ebaziwe, umculo nokudansa. Sabe uhlukanise art esigabeni esisodwa, ukusibiza Les Beaux Arts noma Fine Arts.

Bamafilosofi baye babonisa ukuthi into efana "kwezinkambiso yobuhle" lulodwa bangachazela ubuhle. Yiqiniso, ubuhle ungaba izakhiwo ezifana okunengqondo ukuze, wesimethri futhi ingxenye, kodwa okungenani welithi "ubuciko" akuyona unormirovano. ubuciko abantu badala enembile, ukusebenza sinemizwa, nakho futhi imizwa ngaphandle ecabanga into ezifana tebuciko kwezinkambiso.

isipiliyoni Tebuciko zingase zihlanganise inhlanganisela imizwa ehlukene efana injabulo, intukuthelo, usizi, injabulo nokuhlupheka. U-Immanuel Kant wachaza ubuciko njengoba endaweni ayethanda uhlobo umsebenzi. Nobuhle, wathi, kwakuxhomeke izibalo eziqondile, okuyinto babehlobene ngqo. Ngokwesibonelo, ihhashi kungaba enhle kungakhathaliseki iqalisa kahle kanjani.

umbono wethu Sekuyisikhathi eside liphumile izimiso ephakathi okubizwa ngokuthi "Unyaka Ukukhanyiselwa" futhi, ngokufanelekile, umqondo wokuthi umuzwa womuntu kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha umthombo wolwazi.

Nokho, ngandlela-thile, ukuqonda kwethu enhle kaningi hhayi njengoba umuntu njengoba kubonakala efika kuqala, kodwa kuhlobene ne umphakathi obabheka ngayo. Nakuba indima ngabanye maqondana ubuciko akufanele ehlisiwe.

Lezi zinkolelo-mbono ezimbili - bezibona siqu nokubonwa yomphakathi - alizimele, kodwa kunalokho uxhumana uphume nomunye. Ngamanye amazwi, amazinga yobuhle noma umphakathi kwakhiwa ngenye futhi, ngakho they are uhlobo izindinganiso zomphakathi. Lesi siphetho kungenziwa sisuselwa definition umqondo.

Bamafilosofi baye babonisa ukuthi abantu izindinganiso zomphakathi - ke iqembu noma umqondo social indlela umuntu okufanele aziphathe umongo ezithile. Okungukuthi, inquma ukuziphatha umphakathi, okuyinto iningi kulindeleke. Izazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu, kanye zokusebenza kwengqondo basafunda kanjani "imithetho engabhaliwe 'yomphakathi ukucacisa ukuziphatha kwethu kuphela, kodwa futhi yiziphi izimo isimo sengqondo nezinto ezithile - Umbono zomhlaba. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa izindinganiso zomphakathi nomthelela esiyithandayo, siyakholwa, nge ncazelo, a luyingxenye ngabanye.

Ngokwesibonelo, izintandokazi zomculo, nakunoma yisiphi enhlangano yezombusazwe noma umbhali ozithandayo, yebo, kungahluka izinto ezibonakalayo lezo lazo likhethwa abanye iningi. Kodwa abagxeki banamuhla baye bafinyelela kulesi siphetho: uma umkhiqizo okungenani omunye umlandeli, it has ilungelo khona nokubizwa ngabantu ngokuthi omuhle wobuciko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbono weningi.

Ngenxa yaleli lungiselelo, kukhona izinkomba ezintsha futhi esisha e yobuciko wesimanje waqala. Labo kufanele ngokuthi imfashini kulezizinsuku phakathi rap abasha nowe-rock, impressionism futhi yesimanjemanje e buciko, nokunye. D.

Nokho, abanye "abaculi" ekuphishekeleni okwakhe ukudala ezifana art ukunyakaza, okuyinto ziphambene emibonweni ezimisiwe sobuhle bayo, ubuhle kanye ukuyikhokhela. Ngokwesibonelo, konke ehlangene indle oyibamba njengoba noma "imisebenzi ngomumo kuncike yobuciko" noma njengoba impahla ekukhiqizeni yayo, ayikwazi kubhekwa enhle. Futhi uya kulesi siqondiso ubhekwa kuphambene kwezinkambiso tebuciko, yamukelwe indoda yesimanje.

kwezinkambiso Social ukunquma ukuthi umuntu eqenjini noma ngaphandle kwalo. Umbuzo eyisisekelo, ingabe zikhona izikhubekiso ezithile tebuciko kwezinkambiso umholi ezehlukile noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphansi kwethonya wonke umphakathi.