Kuyini okushiwo amandla amabili? 1917

Emlandweni, kunamathuba amaningi lapho kukhona amandla amabili embusweni. Izizathu zingahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isimo sezombusazwe, sezomnotho nesenhlalakahle. Yisiphi isisekelo samandla amabili eRussia ngo-1917-1918?

Icala loMbuso waseRussia lingabhekwa njengento eyingqayizivele.

Ukuqothulwa kwe-tsarism

Ngo-1917 eRussia sashintsha umlando wezwe empini. UMbusi waseRussia uNicholas II wasuka ePetrograd ngoFebhuwari 22, 1917. Inombolo yabashayeli emigwaqweni yedolobha ayizange ikhule ngokuqhubekayo. Ngomhla ka-24 Febhuwari, kwakunabangu-90 000 kakade.

NgoFebhuwari 25, inani labashayi selivele lidlulile ama-250 000, okuyinto eyingqayizivele yomlando wombuso waseRussia ngaleso sikhathi. Ngo-1917 eRussia izobhubhisa phakade amandla asemakhosi akhona.

Esixukwini kwakukhona isikhwama phakathi kwabashayi, okwavutha ukuthukuthela nokudabuka okungaphezulu kukaMbusi uNicholas II. Ngakusasa, i-tsar yaqeda imisebenzi kaHulumeni Duma kwaze kwaba ngo-Ephreli 1918. Kulo muzi kwakukhona ukuxabana phakathi kwezempi namaphoyisa, okwaholela ekuvukeni kombutho wezempi wasePetrograd. Amasosha aqala ukuthatha izinhlangothi zabashayeli nabaphikisi. Izimbangela kanye nalokho okushiwo amandla amabili okubambisana nakho kulele ekuwa kwembuso wama-tsarist.

Ukuqala kwamandla amabili

Ngenxa yokuchithwa kwe-tsarism nobukhosi eMbusweni waseRussia wangaphambili, kwaqala isikhathi samandla amabili.

Kuyini okushiwo amandla amabili? Kuyini? Amandla aphindwe kabili lapho ohulumeni ababili basebenza ngokufanayo futhi bezimele. Ngakho kwaba phakathi nenkathi phakathi kwezinguquko zikaFebhuwari no- Okthoba. Ngosizo lwe- Revolution kaFebhuwari, kwakungenzeka ukudiliza uNosilas II owayengumthetho ngaleso sikhathi.

Khona-ke kwakhiwa izindikimba ezimbili ezibusayo: uHulumeni Wesikhashana kanye nesistimu yamaSoviet. Ngokwemvelo, izinhlelo ezimbili zikahulumeni azikwazanga ukuhlala ndawonye ngokuthula endaweni eyodwa, futhi kwakukhona izinto ezidingekayo zokuphikisana. Ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuqondwe okushiwo amandla amabili eRussia ngo-1917, kubalulekile ukuphendulela ukucubungula izinkinga. Iziphathimandla ezimbili ziholela emzabalazweni wabantu.

Ukulwa Nezinkinga

Ngemuva kweRevolution yeFebruary, amabutho ezombangazwe ashintshe ngokuphelele eRussia. Ukuqonda okusemqoka kwamandla amabili kule nkathi yezenzakalo, umuntu kumele aphenduke imibono yezombangazwe.

Isikhundla samaMensheviks sasiphikisa isikhundla samaBolsheviks nasesimisweni semikhandlu. I-Mensheviks ngabantu abacebile futhi abahloniphekile baseRussia ababengafuni izinguquko ezibukhali zezombangazwe nezomnotho. Bakha uHulumeni wabo oPhezulu oholwa uKerensky futhi bakholelwa ukuthi manje akusona isikhathi sokuguqulwa kwezombangazwe nezombusazwe. Inkosi ingekho, manje udinga ukuzola futhi ucabange ngalokho okufanele ukwenze ngokulandelayo. Babengekho abasekeli beqiniso lokuthi iRussia yayilungele ukuguqula ohlelweni lobuhlanga. Bathi lokhu akunakwenzeka ngalesi sigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwayo futhi kuzothatha isikhathi.

I-Bolsheviks, nayo, yayinezishoshovu kubantu futhi iphikisana nemibono yabo ngemibono kaHulumeni oPhezulu. Babekholelwa ukuthi iRussia yayilungele futhi ingenza inguquko yezenhlalakahle ezobazuzisa kuphela izisebenzi ezijwayelekile nabalimi.

Okulandelayo kulandele izinkinga zika-Ephreli, Juni noJulayi. Ezimweni ezimbili zokuqala , uHulumeni oPhezulu kanye namaSoviet bazama ukuthola ukulingana nokuvumelana. NgoJulayi, lapho kwacaca ukuthi akukho lutho oluzovela kulo, ukubonakaliswa kwabasebenzi nabasekeli bamaBolshevik kwaqala ePetrograd.

Revolution!

AmaBolshevik ayengamnaki obala ama-Mensheviks futhi awaqondi ukuthi yikuphi kwamandla amabili. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, impinduko yesibili yayiphuza emphakathini. Kwacaca ukuthi ukungahambisani kwezombangazwe phakathi kwabameleli bakaHulumeni oPhezulu kanye namaSoviet kwakungenakwenzeka. AmaSoviet kanye namaBolshevik ayesinyathelo esisodwa ngaphambi koHulumeni oPhezulu futhi aqale imiboniso ePetrograd ngoJulayi 4 ngaphansi kweziqubulo esithi "Wonke amandla kumaSoviets!", "Umhlaba kuya kwabasimilayo". Kuyini okushiwo amandla amabili okule nkathi yesikhathi? Amandla amabili ayisekho.

AmaBolshevik, aholwa nguVladimir Lenin, enza ngokuphumelelayo enkundleni yemibhikisho ethandwayo nokuguquka. Bawuthatha kahle iziqubulo abantu ababefuna ukuzwa kuzo.

Naphezu kwamandla amabili eRussia, umbuzo wezilwane ohlala phansi awusombululwanga. Abalimi, ikakhulukazi, bahlala ngaphandle kwezwe labo. ULenin wathembisa umhlaba.

Abasebenzi emadolobheni basebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima futhi akekho owayefuna ukubhekana nemibuzo yabo. ULenin wathembisa ukuthi usuku olusebenzayo lwabasebenzi luzonciphisa futhi amaholo azophakanyiswa.

Uhulumeni Wesikhashana ucele ukuxhaswa kuGeneral Kornilov, owayengumkhuzi wamabutho. Uthe uzosiza, kanti ababhikishi ngeke bazuze lutho. UKornilov wayengumuntu obuka imibuso yobukhosi futhi akazange amukele izinguquko zomphakathi nezombangazwe. Isikhundla esithembekile futhi esincane kakhulu samaMensheviks kwakuwukuthanda kwakhe.

Kodwa-ke, uLenin nabaseBolshevik bathola ukusekelwa okukhulu kubantu abadumile futhi bakwazi ukuqedela umkhankaso wabo wokuguqula ekupheleni, ngokuwina uHulumeni oPhezulu. Phakathi ne-revolution, ibutho likaGenerali Kornilov lajoyina ababhikishi eceleni kweBolsheviks.

Ukuphela kwe-Revolution

Ngemuva kokuba ibutho lithatha uhlangothi lwabaBolshevik, amaMenshevik alahlekelwa ithuba lokugcina nethemba. Kwakuwunqoba lokugcina.

AmaBolshevik aqala ukwakha amabhodi namabhodi kahulumeni. Naphezu kokuthi uLenin wathembisa umhlaba kubalimi, umbuzo wabo wawungakalungiswanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuphila kukaLenin akaxazululwa.

Umbuzo nabasebenzi nawo, awuzange uxazululwe. Lokhu kwabangela ukuthukuthela phakathi kwabasebenzi, kodwa akuzange kuholele ekuhlukumezweni okukhulu, izimpikiswano kanye nezinguquko.

Esikhathini esizayo, emva kokuguqulwa kwezenzo, izenzo zeBolsheviks zizobe zenzelwe ukuguqula ingxenye yezomnotho eRussia.