I-Battle of Grengham: impi yolwandle eyenzeka ngoJulayi 27, 1720 eBaltic Sea

I-Battle of Gringham yayiyinye yezimpi zasolwandle eziphawulekayo zekhulu le-18 leminyaka. Le mpi yempi yasekugcineni yahlanganisa idumela loMbuso waseRussia omncane njengamandla angolwandle. Ukubaluleka kwalo kubonisa ukuthi impi yaseGrenham yaletha inqola yaseRussia ukunqoba okubalulekile, okwakunqotshwa ngesikhathi esibucayi kakhulu. ISweden ingathola usizo evela eNgilandi, indlovukazi yolwandle, futhi lapho kunjalo, indlela yokuphuma emikhumbi yaseRussia eya emaphethelweni aseNyakatho Yurophu ingasongelwa. Imikhumbi yempi yemikhumbi yaseBrithani yayiseLwandle LwaseBaltic futhi yayilungele ukuqhutshwa ngokubambisana nemikhumbi ye-Kingdom of Sweden. Indawo efanele, izenzo ezilungile futhi aletha ukunqoba eRussia, ukunqoba uPetru ngokwakhe ayekuqhenya ngakho.

Abafundi bomlando babuzwa imibuzo mayelana nonyaka onjani i-Battle of Grengham, owayeyisitha seRussia, nokuthi ngabe ukunqoba kuphumelele kule mpi. Sizozama ukuphendula le mibuzo neminye ngokuningiliziwe.

Umlando wokulwa

Unyaka we-Battle of Grengham wabonakaliswa yimpumelelo ngokushesha eMbusweni osemusha waseRussia ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi kanye nokuhamba kolwandle. AmaRussia ngokushesha afunda izindlela zombili zakudala zemikhumbi yemikhumbi, namakhono atholakala ezigodini. Lezi zimpumelelo azikwazi ukuphazamisa amandla amakhulu okudoba. Isidingo sanoma yisiphi isinyathelo sokukhonjwa saba sobala ngemva kwempi yaseGungut, lapho izimoto zaseRussia zanqoba khona inqola yempi yaseSweden. Amandla aseNgilandi naseSweden ahlanganisa umbuso wezempi, inhloso eyinhloko kwakufanele iqukethe amabutho aseRussia amaviva futhi avimbele ukubusa kwemikhumbi yaseRussia eLwandle lwaseBaltic. Ukuze kuboniswe ukusebenzisana kwayo, u-Anglo-Swedish squadron wangena eLwandle LaseBaltic waqala ukusondela eRavel.

Ukuphatha okunjalo akuzange kuphoqele i-tsar yaseRussia ukuthi ifune izindlela zokubuyisana nesitha esinamandla, futhi lo mkhakha ubalekele emanzini aseSweden. Lapho umbusi waseRussia ezwa ngalolu daba, wayala ukuba ukudluliselwa kwemikhumbi yemikhumbi yaseRussia kusukela e-Aland Islands kuya eHelsingfors. Ama-flagship amaningana athunyelwe azungeze i-flagships, ehloswe ukulandelela amanzi angathathi hlangothi. Ngokushesha esinye sezikebhe sagijima, futhi abasebenzi bakhe bathunjwa ngabasolwandle baseSweden. UPetru watshelwa ukuthi ulahlekelwe isikebhe, wayala ukuthi le mikhumbi ibuyele endaweni yasendulo-kuya ogwini lwe-Aland Islands.

Ukuhlonishwa

NgoJulayi 26, 1720, izikebhe ezingu-61 ze-galley nezi-29 zemikhumbi yaseRussia zaqala ukusondela eziqhingini zase-Åland. Le mikhumbi yayilawulwa yiGeneral MM Golitsyn, owamemeza ngoPeter the Great. Esikhathini esingaphambili kwe-flotilla kwakuyizikebhe ezincane ezenzelwe ukuhlonishwa. Ngenxa yalokhu kusengaphambili, uGolitsyn wathola ukuthi isiqhingi saseSweden sasilindile phakathi kweziqhingi zaseFritsberg naseLemland.

Isitha

Imikhumbi yamaSweden yaseSweden yayilawulwa umlawuli wempi olwazini, u-Admiral K. Schöbland. Iqembu lakhe lalihlanganisa amafrigates amane, ibutho elilodwa lokulwa, imikhumbi emincane nemikhumbi eyisishiyagalolunye nabasebenzi abangaphezu kwenkulungwane.

Ezimweni zomoya ovunguvunguzayo nomswakama ophakeme, impi yasolwandle kwakufanele ihlehliswe. I-squadron yaseRussia ibeke inkambo ngoFr. Grangam ukulungisa isikhundla sakhe sempi ezayo. Kwaqala kanjalo iMpi yeGrengham.

Ngo-1720 izimoto zaseRussia zisho abaphathi abanolwazi, imikhumbi enamandla, okuhlangenwe nakho kokunqoba kakade empi. Ngakho-ke, lapho umkhumbi wezitha zezitha wadlulela ekuhlanganyeleni, wanikezwa ukuhlushwa okufanelekile.

I-Admiral yezindiza zaseSweden uK. Schöbland yayinezibhamu eziyi-156 emkhunjini wakhe wokulwa, ngakho akazange afune ukufihla ekudutsheni kwamanye amathoni aseRussia. Njengoba isondela emkhawulweni ofanele, umkhumbi waseSweden waqala ukugubha imikhumbi yaseRussia kuzo zonke izibhamu ezikhona.

Ukulungiselela impi

Ngemva kokufunda idatha yokubonga, uGeneral Golitsyn wayelungiselela impi enkulu yempi. Wakhetha ukuphuma waya eGrantham (Grangam) encane. Kule ndawo, ngokwemephu yamabalazwe, kutholakala izinkinga ezincane kakhulu nezidumbu ezinkulu. Lapho kwenzeka izinyathelo ezimbi, kwakukhona usongo lokuvimbela imikhumbi yaseRussia ngamabutho aseSweden. Izinketho ze-Golitsyn kanye nemiphumela engavumelekile empini, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhumbi yaseRussia ibuyela ezindaweni zabo zangaphambili eFliesosund Strait. Ngemva kokuthola ukuhoxiswa kwemikhumbi yaseRussia, uGeneral Golitsyn wanikeza umyalelo wokuqala iMpi yaseGrengham.

Inkambo yempi

NgoJulayi 27, 1720, isiqhingi saseSweden, sisebenzisa umsila, saqala ukuthuthela emanzini, lapho imikhumbi yemikhumbi yaseRussia yayigxile khona.

UGolitsyn wanikeza umyalelo wokuhamba kancane kancane, eheha abaseSweden ukuba bangene esicupheni esilungele. Lapho amafrikthi amane emikhumbi yaseSweden eholwa yi-flagship engena e-Fliesosun strait, i-squadron yaseRussia yathatha izikhundla zayo zangaphambili, yavimbela amaSweden ukuba aphume esicupheni. Izikebhe ezilula zokudoba eziseRussia zahlasela imikhumbi yesitha ezivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ukuzama ukubalekela ekuhlaselweni kwebhodi, imikhumbi yaseSweden yaqala ukuvela, kodwa yagijimela phansi. Ngakho, baqhubeka beyinkimbinkimbi nemikhumbi yabo eminye imikhumbi - amafriji anamandla avimbela indlela yokuphuma emgibeni futhi kwenza kube nzima ukwenza imikhumbi yonke yaseSweden. Impi yokuqothulwa kwamaqhawe yahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amane futhi yagqotshwa yimpumelelo yezinqola zaseRussia. Abasolwandle baseRussia bakwazi ukushaya amafrigati amane aseSweden, imikhumbi esele, eholwa yi-flagship, yakwazi ukuphuma esicupheni ngokulahlekelwa okukhulu.

Ukulwa nokulahlekelwa

I-Battle of Grengham yabulala abasolwandle abangu-82 baseRussia, abantu abangu-203 balimala. Uhlangothi lwesitha lulahlekelwe abantu abangu-103 kwathi abangu-407 balimala. Imikhumbi yaseRussia yathola umonakalo omkhulu, kodwa abaseSweden balahlekelwa ngokuphelele amafriji abo amane.

Imiphumela yempi

Naphezu kokulahlekelwa okukhulu, i-Battle of Grengham yaba nethonya ekuqondaneni kwamandla olwandle emhlabeni jikelele. Ukunqoba okuthokozelayo kwemikhumbi yaseRashiya yokugwedla izikebhe eziseSweden kwaba ubufakazi obucacile bokubukwa kwezempi yamaRussia. Izikebhe zempi zaseSweden zalahlekelwa kakhulu futhi zazinikela ngokujulile izikhundla zayo eBaltic naseNyakatho. Le mpi yaqinisa ubukhosi bamaRussia ezombusazwe zaseYurophu, iRussia yaqala ukuphathwa njengomdlali oyinhloko emhlabeni wonke. Imiphumela yempi yahlasela uNgilandi nabalingani bakhe ukuphetha nokuthula kukaNystadt neRussia .

Imemori yempi

Ukuze kusetshenzwe ukulwa, uPeter ongu-1 wayala ukuba alahle imbali ekhethekile, ehloselwe bonke abahlanganyeli empini yolwandle. Ukuhlukumeza komdanso kwakuhlotshiswe ngephrofayili kaPetru owokuqala, ngemuva kwalokho kwakukhona umbhalo othi "Okunamathiselwe nokuthembeka. Ihamba ngamandla kakhulu. "

Kwaphawulwa ngezansi: Julayi 27, 1720 - usuku lapho iMpi ye-Granges yenzeka khona. Idethi yale duel yemikhumbi yamanzi idume kakhulu izazi-mlando zasempi zihlola ukunqoba nokunqotshwa kwemikhumbi yaseRussia. Futhi uGeneral Golitsyn wathola inkemba evela embusweni waseRussia, ehlotshiswe ngombhalo othi "Ukuze uthole iqembu elihle".

I-Church of St. I-Panteleimon

Ukuphumelela okufanelekayo kumphikisi omkhulu kuyabonakala ngendlela efanele kakhulu. Kwaqondana ukuthi ukunqoba okubili okuphawulekayo kwemikhumbi yaseRussia empizweni yeGrengam neGangut kwadonswa eminyakeni ehlukene, kodwa babe nomhla ofanayo - ngoJulayi 27. Lolu suku ku-Orthodoxy lunikezelwa enkumbulweni yeSt. Panteleimon. Ngakho-ke, kunqunywe ukwakha ithempeli elalinikezelwe le ngcwele eSt. Petersburg. Ngomnyaka we-1722, ukuhlanjululwa okukhulu kwesonto elincane kwenzeka, okwakungena esikhundleni sesonto.

Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, kunqunywe ukubuyisela kabusha isonto futhi lizinikele kubasolwandle abafa eBaltic Sea. Lesi sinqumo saqalwa eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Ngonyaka ka-1914 kuphela, ngokuhlangana okukhulu kwabantu nasekhona amalungu omndeni wasebukhosini, ukuvulwa okukhulu kwebandla lasePelémonic kwenzeka . Ngenxa yesenzo somphakathi wezempi waseRussia, isonto elibuyiselwe lalihlotshiswe ngamapulangwe e-marble, lapho yonke imibuso eyahlanganyela ekulweni kolwandle ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 yabalwe.