Umngcwabi u ... Incazelo yegama elithi "owezizwe" nokukhulunywa kokuqala

Igama elithi "owezizwe" likhona isikhathi eside kakhulu esidlule. Itholakala ngolimi lwamaSlavonic yakudala, isiRashiya esidala nesimanje. Umlando wemvelaphi yale nkulumo uthakazelisa kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizocabangela incazelo yegama elithi "owezizwe" nokuthi sashintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isikhathi ngasinye saletha izinguquko zayo kulo mqondo futhi sazihumusha.

Igama elithi "owezizwe" liphi?

Liyasakazeka yonke indawo futhi lisetshenziswe abantu abaningi. Kubangelwa ukuthi igama linemvelaphi yasendulo futhi ekugcineni lisetshenziswanga hhayi kuphela emkhakheni wokubukeka kwalo, kodwa nasemhlabeni wonke.

Indawo yokuzalwa yegama - iGrisi lasendulo

Yileli zwe elihle, ukuzalwa komnotho wanamuhla, owanikeza umhlaba igama elisha. AmaGreki enkulungwane yeminyaka edlule abiza ngokuthi bonke abangabazi. Kubo, umuntu ongowona ongowokuzalwa ungumfokazi owayehlala ngaphandle kwesiGreki, bese kuthiwa umbuso wamaRoma. I-etymology yeli gama isengxabano. Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyi-onomatopoeia yezilimi ezingenakuqondakala futhi ezihlukile kubantu bamaGreki - var-var. Leli gama lalinomqondo ohlambalaza, njengoba amanye amaGreki ayebheka ukuthi amaGreki awafundanga futhi afundiswa. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi abaningi abavumelani nale nguqulo futhi bakholelwa ukuthi leli gama lisho incazelo engathathi hlangothi.

Futhi okokuqala leli gama lasetshenziswa amaGreki asendulo ukuba abize wonke umuntu okhuluma ulimi oluhlukile, futhi kuphela lapho aqala ukukusebenzisa ukubhekisela kwezinye izizwe.

Kamuva izwi ladluliselwa kumaRoma, kodwa lathola incazelo ehlukile. Kuzakhamuzi zombuso wamaRoma, umuntu ongowezizwe ungumuntu onesihluku, ongazifundile. Yilokho okwaqala ukubizwa ngabantu abasenyakatho, okuthi, ngokusho kokuthuthukiswa kwenkambiso, baxoshwa kude nabantu baseFenlandula yaseBalkan nase-Italy.

NgesiGreki, umlimi wesifundazwe uzwakala njengezinhlamvu. Igama lesiLatini liyi-barbarus ngencazelo efanayo (isihambi, isihambi). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eFulentshi yesimanje kunegama elincane. Kusho ukuthi "unonya, unobumba" futhi ufana kakhulu nelinye igama elithi "ibhavu" (intshebe). Ngokusho kwezilimi, lokhu kufana akuyona ingozi. AmaGreki asendulo ayekhetha ukugqoka izintshevu ezincane ezinamathele ezigqinsiwe futhi zenziwe ngamafutha anomsindo. Izizwe ezisenyakatho ezazihlala endaweni akuzange zikhathalele ubuhle bezinwele nezintshevu, ngakho zibukeka zinganaki.

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwegama kanye noshintsho kwisimo sengqondo kubantwaba

Uma ukholelwa imithombo ebhaliwe yaleyo minyaka, okokuqala ngqa lo mqondo wasetshenziswa ekupheleni kwe-VI. BC. E. Isazi-mlando esingumGreki uHecataeus waseMiletus. AmaGreki awazange amamukele imikhuba namasiko amaningi omakhelwane, isibonelo, imikhosi enomsindo amaSkithe namaThracians. Umlobi u-Anacreon wabhala ngalokhu. Isazi sefilosofi u-Heraclitus emibhalweni yakhe sasebenzisa umqondo onjalo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokuthi "umphefumulo wempuphu". Ngakho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli qembu laqala ukuthatha inkulumo eqhubekayo. Umfokazi ongowezizwe ungowokufika, owathi izinga eliphansi lokuthuthukiswa kwesiko liyisici futhi lapho kungekho khona izimiso zokuziphatha ezamukelekayo kumaGreki nemithetho yokuziphatha.

Ukushintsha kwaba yimpi yamaGrisi namaPheresiya, eyayinzima kumaGreki. Isithombe esingalungile somuntu ongeyena umGrisi saqala ukwakha kanye nesimo sengqondo somuntu onobunye - owesaba, okhohlisayo, onesihluku futhi ozonda iGrisi - wadalwa.

Kwabe sekukhona isikhathi lapho kunesithakazelo esikoleni samanye amazwe ngisho nangokwemvelo.

Emakhulwini e-IV-V. N. Esikhathini se- Great Migration of Nations, leli gama laphinde lazuza ukuhlolwa okungalungile futhi lahlanganiswa nezizwe ezinonya zezihlaseli ezimbi ezabhubhisa impucuko yaseRoma.

Bangobani abangabambani: izizwe kanye nemisebenzi

Yimuphi uhlobo lwabantu ababizwa kanjalo ngamaGreki asendulo? Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, lezi zizwe eziyinyakatho: isiJalimane, iSlavic, iScythian, kanye namaCelts namaThracians.

Ku-I c. BC. E. Izizwe zaseJalimane zazama ukuthatha isifundazwe samaRoma saseGaul. Melana nabo wabe esinika uJulius Caesar. Abahlaseli baphonswa ngaphandle kweRhin, lapho umngcele wezwe lamaRoma nomngcele ongaphesheya uwela khona.

Zonke izizwe ezibalwe ngenhla zaziphila ngendlela efanayo. Babesebenzela izinkomo zokuzalana, ukulima nokuzingela. Bayazi ukugqoka kanye nobumba, babesazi ukuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani insimbi.

Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, bangobani abadobi, kudingeka sithinte ezingeni labo lamasiko. Akazange afinyelele ezindaweni eziphakeme ezithuthukiswa yimiphakathi yesiGreki, kodwa lezi zizwe zazingenalwazi noma ziyingozi. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yamaScythian ne-Celtic amakhosi ibhekwa njengemisebenzi ebalulekile yobuciko.

Umlando wegama ezinyangeni eziphakathi

Umqondo wasendulo wawuboleka kumaGreki namaRoma ngeWestern Europe naseByzantium. Yashintsha incazelo. Umfokazi ongakholwayo akakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, njengoba abefundisi bamaKristu nabamaKatolika bakholelwa ngaleso sikhathi.

Iqoqo lamanani

Igama elithi "owezizwe" lingakwazi ukuziqhayisa ukuthi phakathi neminyaka ubudala incazelo yalo ishintshile. Kuba amaGreki asendulo, kwakuchaza umfokazi owayehlala ngaphandle kwezwe, amaRoma ayebiza kanjalo lezo zizwe nabantu abahlasela insimu yalo mbuso babhubhisa. KwaByzantium naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, leli gama liye lafana namahedeni.

Namuhla le mqondo isetshenziswa ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Ngomqondo ovamile, umuntu ongowezizwe ungumuntu ononya, ongenalwazi ochitha izikhumbuzo zamasiko nezindinganiso.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi igama alizange lilahlekelwe ukuhambisana kwalo futhi, naphezu kwemithi yesimiso, isetshenziswe kuze kube namuhla.